https://www.djangoproject.com/download/
打开cmd,输入:pip install Django==1.11.4,然后回车
import django django.get_version()
CD C:\Users\Administrator\PycharmProjects\bilibili_qianfeng\bilibili_20200404\01-wj
查看目录结构:tree . /F
一个命令行工具,可以让你以各种方式与该Django项目进行交互
一个空文件,告诉Python该项目是一个Python包
项目的配置文件
项目的URL申明,一份由Django驱动的网站“目录”
一个WSGI兼容的Web服务器的入口,以便运行你的项目
班级名称:gname 成立时间:gdate 女生总数:ggirlnum 男生总数:gboynum 是否删除:isDelete
学生姓名:sname 学生性别:sgender 学生年龄:sage 学生简介:scontend 所属班级:sgrade 是否删除:isDelete
注意:Django默认使用Sqlit数据库
在setting.py文件中,通过DATABASE选项进行数据库配置
import pymysql
pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()
在一个项目中可以创建多个应用,每个应用进行一种业务处理
站点配置
模型
视图
在setting.py文件中,讲myApp应用加入到INSTALLED-APPS选项中
概述:有一个数据表,就应该对应一个模型 在models.py中定义模型
from django.db import models
# Create your models here.
class Grades(models.Model):
gname = models.CharField(max_length=20)
gdate = models.DateTimeField()
ggirlnum = models.IntegerField()
gboynum = models.IntegerField()
isDelete = models.BooleanField(default=False)
class Students(models.Model):
sname = models.CharField(max_length=20)
sgender = models.BooleanField(default=True)
sage = models.IntegerField()
scontend = models.CharField(max_length=20)
isDelete = models.BooleanField(default=False)
# 关联外键
sgrade = models.ForeignKey("Grades")
说明:不需要定义主键,在生成时自动添加,并且值为自动增加
执行:python manage.py makemigrations
在migrations目录下生成一个迁移文件,此时数据库中还没有生成数据表
执行:python manage,py migrate
相当于执行sql语句创建数据表
from myAPP.models import Grades,Students from django.utils import timezone from datetime import *
格式:类名.objects.all() Grades.objects.all()
本质:创建一个模型类的对象实例 grade1=Grades() grade1.gname=‘python04’ grade1.gdate=datetime(year=2020,month=4,day=4) grade1.ggirlnum=3 grade1.gboynum=70 grade1.save()
格式:类名.objects.get(pk=1) Grades.objects.get(pk=1)
模型对象.属性 = 新值 grade1.gboynum = 60 grade1.save()
模型对象.delete()
stu = Students() stu.sname = “小明” stu.sgender = False stu.sage = 20 stu.scontend = “我叫小明” stu.sgrade = grade1 stu.save()
需求:获取python04班级的所有学生 格式:对象名.关联的对象名_set.all() grade1.students_set.all()
stu1 = grade1.students_set.create(sname=u’曾志伟’,sgender=True,scontend=u’我叫曾志伟’,sage=45)
不用save()直接就创建成功
python manage.py runserver ip:port ip可以不写,不写的话代表本机ip port端口号默认是8000 python manage.py runserver
这是一个纯python写的轻量级web服务器,仅仅在开发测试中使用
负责添加、删除、修改内容
在settings.py文件中的INSTALLED_APPS中添加“django.contrib.admin”,默认是已经添加好的
执行:python manage.py createsuperuse 依次输入用户名、邮箱、密码 创建后在网址输入账号密码:http://127.0.0.1:8000/admin/
修改settings.py文件
from .models import Grades,Students
# 注册
admin.site.register(Grades)
admin.site.register(Students)
from .models import Grades,Students
# 注册
class GradesAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
# 列表页属性
list_display = ['pk','gname','gdate','ggirlnum','gboynum','isDelete']
list_filter = ['gname']
search_fields = ['gname']
list_per_page = 5
# 添加、修改页属性
# fields = ['ggirlnum','gboynum','gname','gdate','isDelete']
# fieldsets = [
# ("num",{"fields":['ggirlnum','gboynum']})
# ("base",{"fields":['gname','gdate','isDelete']})
# ]
admin.site.register(Grades, GradesAdmin)
列表页属性
显示字段
过滤字段
搜索字段
分页
添加修改属性
属性先后顺序
给属性分组 注意:fields与fieldsets不能同时使用
需求:在创建一个班级时可以直接添加几个学生
class StudentsInfo(admin.TabularInline):# Stackedlnline
model = Students
extra = 2
class GradesAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
inlines = [StudentsInfo]
class StudentsAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
def gender(self):
if self.sgender is True:
return "男"
else:
return "女"
# 设置页面列的名称
gender.short_description = "性别"
list_display = ['pk','sname','sage',gender,'scontend','sgrade','isDelete']
list_per_page = 2
admin.site.register(Students,StudentsAdmin)
class StudentsAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
def gender(self):
if self.sgender is True:
return "男"
else:
return "女"
# 设置页面列的名称
gender.short_description = "性别"
list_display = ['pk','sname','sage',gender,'scontend','sgrade','isDelete']
list_per_page = 10
# 执行动作的位置
actions_on_top = False
actions_on_bottom = True
admin.site.register(Students,StudentsAdmin)
@admin.register(Students)
class StudentsAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
def gender(self):
if self.sgender is True:
return "男"
else:
return "女"
# 设置页面列的名称
gender.short_description = "性别"
list_display = ['pk','sname','sage',gender,'scontend','sgrade','isDelete']
list_per_page = 10
# 执行动作的位置
actions_on_top = False
actions_on_bottom = True
# admin.site.register(Students,StudentsAdmin)
在django中,视图对web请求进行回应 视图就是一个python函数,在views.py文件中定义
from django.http import HttpResponse
def index(request):
return HttpResponse("WJ is a good man")
from django.conf.urls import url,include
from django.contrib import admin
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
url(r'^',include('myAPP.urls'))
]
from django.conf.urls import url
from . import views
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^$',views.index)
]
模板是HTML页面,可以根据视图中传递过来的数据进行填充
创建templas目录,再目录下创建对应项目的模板目录(project/templates/myAPP)
修改settings.py文件下的TEMPLATES
TEMPLATES = [
{
'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'templates')],
'APP_DIRS': True,
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>班级信息</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>班级信息列表</h1>
<ul>
{
%for grade in grades%}
<li>
<a href="#">{
{
grade.gname}}</a>>
</li>
{
%endfor%}
</ul>
</body>
</html>
from .models import Grades
def grades(request):
# 去模型models里取数据
gradesList = Grades.objects.all()
# 讲数据传递给模板,模板再渲染页面,将渲染好的页面返回给浏览器
return render(request,'myAPP/grades.html',{
"grades":gradesList})
from django.conf.urls import url
from . import views
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^$',views.index),
url(r'^(\d+)\$',views.detail),
url(r'^grades/$',views.grades)
]
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>学生信息</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>学生信息列表</h1>>
<ul>
{
%for student in students%}
<li>
{
{
student.sname}}--{
{
student.scontend}}
</li>>
{
%endfor%}
</ul>>
</body>
</html>
from .models import Students
def students(request):
studentsList = Students.objects.all()
return render(request,'myAPP/students.html',{
"students":studentsList})
from django.conf.urls import url
from . import views
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^$',views.index),
url(r'^(\d+)\$',views.detail),
url(r'^grades/$',views.grades),
url(r'^students/$',views.students)
]
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>学生信息</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>学生信息列表</h1>
<ul>
{
%for student in students%}
<li>
{
{
student.sname}}--{
{
student.scontend}}--{
{
student.sgrade}}
</li>
{
%endfor%}
</ul>
</body>
</html>
def gradesStudents(requst,num):
# 获得对应的班级对象
grade = Grades.objects.get(pk = num)
# 获得班级下的所有学生对象列表
studentsList = grade.students_set.all()
return render(requst,'myAPP/students.html',{
"students":studentsList})
from django.conf.urls import url
from . import views
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^$',views.index),
url(r'^(\d+)\$',views.detail),
url(r'^grades/$',views.grades),
url(r'^students/$',views.students),
url(r'^grades/(\d+)$',views.gradesStudents)
]
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