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ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(path);
通过BeanFactory创建或者Web环境,即web.xml配置spring容器初始化监听器ContextLoaderListener启动Spring容器,或者其他方式,其中间或有其他外接接口,但这些对bean生命周期并没有什么关系,但需要注意执行流程可能有增加。我们知道一个对象的生命周期:创建(实例化-初始化)-使用-销毁,而在Spring中,Bean对象周期当然遵从这一过程,但是Spring提供了许多对外接口,允许开发者对三个过程(实例化、初始化、销毁)的前后做一些操作。 这里就实例化、初始化区别做一个说明,在Spring Bean中,实例化是为bean对象开辟空间(具体可以理解为构造函数的调用),初始化则是对属性的初始化,说的具体点,这里的属性初始化应该是属性的注入(构造函数也可以有属性的初始化语句,但不属于这一部分),属性注入是通过setter方法注入属性(不管是注解方式还是bean配置property属性方式,其实质都是通过属性的setter方法实现的)。
注1:这里的bean类指的是普通bean类,不包括这里实现了各类接口(就是2.2提到的这些接口)而在配置文件中声明的bean。 注2:如果有多个BeanPostProcessor实现类,其执行顺序参考:BeanPostProcessor详解。 注3:InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor接口继承自BeanPostProcessor接口,是它的子接口,扩展了两个方法,即bean实例化前后操作,当然前者也会有bean初始化前后操作,当它们两同时存在的话,开发者又同时对两者的postProcessBeforeInitialization、postProcessAfterInitialization方法实现了,先回去执行BeanPostProcessor的方法,再去执行InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor的。
1.bean类
package com.fcc.spring.test;
import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.*;
import java.io.Serializable;
/** * Created by fuchaochao on 16/8/5. */
public class HelloWorld implements BeanNameAware,BeanFactoryAware,InitializingBean,DisposableBean{
private String message;
public HelloWorld(){
System.out.println("3.HelloWorld struct.......");
}
public String getMessage() {
return message;
}
public void setMessage(String message) {
this.message = message;
}
public void xml_init(){
//xml开头的表示配置文件配置,这里是bean配置中init-method配置调用
System.out.println("11.HelloWorld 初始化(init-method)");
}
public void xml_destroy(){
//destroy-method 配置调用
System.out.println("16.HelloWorld 销毁(destroy-method)");
}
public void setBeanName(String s) {
//属性注入后调用
System.out.println("6.setBeanName(BeanNameAware) 属性注入后调用, 此时s = " + s);
}
public void setBeanFactory(BeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException {
//setBeanName 后调用
System.out.println("7.setBeanFactory(BeanFactory) setBeanName后调用");
}
public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception {
//processBeforeInitialization(BeanPostProcessor)后调用
System.out.println("10.afterPropertiesSet(InitializingBean) processBeforeInitialization之后,配置的xml_init之前调用");
}
public void destroy() throws Exception {
System.out.println("15.destroy(DisposableBean) 在processAfterInitialization之后,配置的xml_destroy之前调用");
}
}
2.BeanFactoryPostProcessor类
package com.fcc.spring.test;
import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanFactoryPostProcessor;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.ConfigurableListableBeanFactory;
/** * Created by fuchaochao on 16/8/12. */
public class BeanFactoryPostProcessorTest implements BeanFactoryPostProcessor {
public void postProcessBeanFactory(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory configurableListableBeanFactory) throws BeansException {
//configurableListableBeanFactory.getBeanDefinition("appcontext-service.xml");
System.out.println("1.postProcessBeanFactory(BeanFactoryPostProcessor) 工厂后处理器, ApplicationContext容器初始化中refresh()中调用");
}
}
3.BeanPostProcessor类
package com.fcc.spring.test;
import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanPostProcessor;
/** * Created by fuchaochao on 16/8/12. */
public class InitBeanPostProcessor implements BeanPostProcessor {
public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object o, String s) throws BeansException {
System.out.println("8.postProcessBeforeInitialization(BeanPostProcessor), bean = " + o.getClass());
return o;
}
public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object o, String s) throws BeansException {
System.out.println("12.postProcessAfterInitialization(BeanPostProcessor), bean = " + o.getClass());
return o;
}
}
4.InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor类
package com.fcc.spring.test;
import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.beans.PropertyValues;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor;
import java.beans.PropertyDescriptor;
import java.util.Arrays;
/** * Created by fuchaochao on 16/8/12. */
public class InstanceBeanPostProcessor implements InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor {
public Object postProcessBeforeInstantiation(Class<?> aClass, String s) throws BeansException {
System.out.println("2.实例化bean之前调用,即调用bean类构造函数之前调用 " + aClass.getName());
/*try { return Class.forName(""+aClass); } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }*/
return null;//其实我不是很明白这里返回值得作用,之后可能会去深入理解
}
public boolean postProcessAfterInstantiation(Object o, String s) throws BeansException {
System.out.println("4.返回boolean,bean实例化后调用,并且返回false则不会注入属性");
return true;
}
public PropertyValues postProcessPropertyValues(PropertyValues propertyValues, PropertyDescriptor[] propertyDescriptors, Object o, String s) throws BeansException {
System.out.println("5.postProcessPropertyValues,在属性注入之前调用...... beanName = " + s + " 属性名集合 : " + Arrays.toString(propertyValues.getPropertyValues()));
//System.out.println("message = " + ((HelloWorld)o).getMessage()); 这里可以看到message还是null
return propertyValues;//这里要返回propertyValues,否则属性无法注入
}
public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object o, String s) throws BeansException {
System.out.println("9.postProcessBeforeInitialization(InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor) ");
return o;
}
public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object o, String s) throws BeansException {
System.out.println("13.postProcessAfterInitialization(InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor) ");
return o;
}
}
5.测试类SpringTest2
package com.fcc.spring.test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
/** * Created by fuchaochao on 16/8/12. */
public class SpringTest2 {
public static void main(String[] args){
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("classpath*:config/spring/local/appcontext-*.xml");
HelloWorld obj = (HelloWorld)context.getBean("helloWorld");
System.out.println("14.Bean working, message = " + obj.getMessage());
//((ClassPathXmlApplicationContext)context).refresh();
((ClassPathXmlApplicationContext)context).close();
}
}
6.Spring Bean配置文件appcontext-service.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd ">
<context:component-scan base-package="com.fcc.spring.test.*" />
<bean id="helloWorld" class="com.fcc.spring.test.HelloWorld" init-method="xml_init" destroy-method="xml_destroy">
<property name="message" value="Hello World!" />
</bean>
<bean class="com.fcc.spring.test.InitBeanPostProcessor" />
<bean class="com.fcc.spring.test.InstanceBeanPostProcessor" />
<bean class="com.fcc.spring.test.BeanFactoryPostProcessorTest" />
</beans>
7.结果代码:
八月 12, 2016 5:19:48 下午 org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext prepareRefresh
信息: Refreshing org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext@27b4fe4d: startup date [Fri Aug 12 17:19:48 CST 2016]; root of context hierarchy
八月 12, 2016 5:19:48 下午 org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader loadBeanDefinitions
信息: Loading XML bean definitions from file [/Users/fuchaochao/joy/spring-test2/target/classes/config/spring/local/appcontext-service.xml]
1.postProcessBeanFactory(BeanFactoryPostProcessor) 工厂后处理器, ApplicationContext容器初始化中refresh()中调用
2.实例化bean之前调用,即调用bean类构造函数之前调用 com.fcc.spring.test.HelloWorld
3.HelloWorld struct.......
4.返回boolean,bean实例化后调用,并且返回false则不会注入属性
5.postProcessPropertyValues,在属性注入之前调用...... beanName = helloWorld 属性名集合 : [bean property 'message']
八月 12, 2016 5:19:48 下午 org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory preInstantiateSingletons
信息: Pre-instantiating singletons in org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory@3ae4cdc3: defining beans [org.springframework.context.annotation.internalConfigurationAnnotationProcessor,org.springframework.context.annotation.internalAutowiredAnnotationProcessor,org.springframework.context.annotation.internalRequiredAnnotationProcessor,org.springframework.context.annotation.internalCommonAnnotationProcessor,helloWorld,com.fcc.spring.test.InitBeanPostProcessor#0,com.fcc.spring.test.InstanceBeanPostProcessor#0,com.fcc.spring.test.BeanFactoryPostProcessorTest#0,org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassPostProcessor.importAwareProcessor]; root of factory hierarchy
6.setBeanName(BeanNameAware) 属性注入后调用, 此时s = helloWorld
7.setBeanFactory(BeanFactory) setBeanName后调用
8.postProcessBeforeInitialization(BeanPostProcessor), bean = class com.fcc.spring.test.HelloWorld
9.postProcessBeforeInitialization(InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor)
10.afterPropertiesSet(InitializingBean) processBeforeInitialization之后,配置的xml_init之前调用
11.HelloWorld 初始化(init-method) 12.postProcessAfterInitialization(BeanPostProcessor), bean = class com.fcc.spring.test.HelloWorld 13.postProcessAfterInitialization(InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor) 14.Bean working, message = Hello World! 八月 12, 2016 5:19:48 下午 org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext doClose
15.destroy(DisposableBean) 在processAfterInitialization之后,配置的xml_destroy之前调用
信息: Closing org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext@27b4fe4d: startup date [Fri Aug 12 17:19:48 CST 2016]; root of context hierarchy
16.HelloWorld 销毁(destroy-method) 八月 12, 2016 5:19:48 下午 org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry destroySingletons
信息: Destroying singletons in org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory@3ae4cdc3: defining beans [org.springframework.context.annotation.internalConfigurationAnnotationProcessor,org.springframework.context.annotation.internalAutowiredAnnotationProcessor,org.springframework.context.annotation.internalRequiredAnnotationProcessor,org.springframework.context.annotation.internalCommonAnnotationProcessor,helloWorld,com.fcc.spring.test.InitBeanPostProcessor#0,com.fcc.spring.test.InstanceBeanPostProcessor#0,com.fcc.spring.test.BeanFactoryPostProcessorTest#0,org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassPostProcessor.importAwareProcessor]; root of factory hierarchy
Process finished with exit code 0
结果代码的详细解析查看下一节:Spring IoC初始化到Bean应用到容器销毁全过程。
bean生命周期流程图:
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