PG 14 + Pgpool-II + Watchdog 实现高可用（自动故障转移+读写分离+负载均衡）

小麦苗DBA宝典

发布于 2022-11-07 19:16:19

3.9K1

发布于 2022-11-07 19:16:19

文章被收录于专栏：小麦苗的DB宝专栏小麦苗的DB宝专栏

简介

Pgpool-II是一个在PostgreSQL服务器和PostgreSQL数据库客户端之间工作的中间件。它是根据BSD许可证授权的。它提供以下功能。

连接池

Pgpool-II保存与PostgreSQL服务器的连接，并在具有相同属性（即用户名，数据库，协议版本）的新连接进入时重用它们。它减少了连接开销，并提高了系统的整体吞吐量。

复制

Pgpool-II可以管理多个PostgreSQL服务器。使用复制功能可以在2个或更多物理磁盘上创建实时备份，以便在磁盘发生故障时服务可以继续运行而不会停止服务器。

负载均衡

如果复制了数据库，则在任何服务器上执行SELECT查询都将返回相同的结果。Pgpool-II利用复制功能，通过在多个服务器之间分配SELECT查询来减少每个PostgreSQL服务器的负载，从而提高系统的整体吞吐量。充其量，性能与PostgreSQL服务器的数量成比例地提高。在许多用户同时执行许多查询的情况下，负载平衡最有效。

限制超出连接

PostgreSQL的最大并发连接数有限制，连接在这么多连接后被拒绝。但是，设置最大连接数会增加资源消耗并影响系统性能。pgpool-II对最大连接数也有限制，但额外连接将排队，而不是立即返回错误。

看家狗

Watchdog可以协调多个Pgpool-II，创建一个强大的集群系统，避免单点故障或脑裂。看门狗可以对其他pgpool-II节点执行生命检查，以检测Pgpoll-II的故障。如果活动Pgpool-II发生故障，则可以将备用Pgpool-II提升为活动状态，并接管虚拟IP。

在内存查询缓存中

在内存中查询缓存允许保存一对SELECT语句及其结果。如果有相同的SELECT，Pgpool-II将从缓存中返回值。由于不涉及SQL解析或访问PostgreSQL，因此在内存缓存中使用速度非常快。另一方面，在某些情况下，它可能比正常路径慢，因为它增加了存储缓存数据的一些开销。

Pgpool-II讲PostgreSQL的后端和前端协议，并在后端和前端之间传递消息。因此，数据库应用程序（前端）认为Pgpool-II是实际的PostgreSQL服务器，服务器（后端）将Pgpool-II视为其客户端之一。因为Pgpool-II对服务器和客户端都是透明的，所以现有的数据库应用程序可以与Pgpool-II一起使用。Pgpool-II讲述PostgreSQL的后端和前端协议，并在它们之间传递连接。因此，数据库应用程序（前端）认为Pgpool-II是实际的PostgreSQL服务器，服务器（后端）将Pgpool-II视为其客户端之一。因为Pgpool-II对服务器和客户端都是透明的，所以现有的数据库应用程序可以与Pgpool-II一起使用，几乎不需要更改其源码。

watchdog是pgpool的核心组件，watchdog在 pgpool方案中扮演非常重要的角色，当启动pgpool时会启动watchdog子进程，主要作用为:

和pgpool后端PostgreSQL数据库节点以及远程pgpool节点进行通信。
对远程pgpool节点是否存活进行检查。
当watchdog子进程启动时，对本地pgpool的配置和远程pgpool的配置参数进行检查，并且输出本地和远程pgpool不一致的参数。
当pgpool主节点宕机时,watchdog集群将选举出新的 watchdog主节点。
当pgpool备节点激活成主节点时，watchdog负责将VIP飘移到新的pgpool节点。

之前发布过几篇有关pgpool的文章：

【DB宝60】PG12高可用之1主2从流复制环境搭建及切换测试
【DB宝61】PostgreSQL使用Pgpool-II实现读写分离+负载均衡
PostgreSQL高可用之repmgr（1主2从+1witness）+Pgpool-II实现主从切换+读写分离+负载均衡
【DB宝72】pgpool-II和pgpoolAdmin的使用
PG高可用之主从流复制+keepalived 的高可用

有关pgpool-II的相关文档：

pgpool-II 3.2.5手册
pgpool-II-3.2.5入门教程

架构

本节显示了使用Pgpool-II的流式复制配置示例。在本例中，我们使用3台Pgpool-II服务器来管理PostgreSQL服务器，以创建一个健壮的集群系统，并避免单点故障或脑裂。

本配置示例中使用了PostgreSQL 14。所有脚本都经过PostgreSQL 10及更高版本的测试。

我们使用3台安装了CentOS 7.6的服务器，server1、server2、server3。我们在每台服务器上安装PostgreSQL 14和Pgpool II。

我们假设所有Pgpool-II服务器和PostgreSQL服务器都位于同一子网中。

本文架构图如下所示：

Note: Active, Standby, Primary, Standby 这些角色不是固定的，在后续的切换中是可以改变的。

如果是2个节点，那么架构可以变为：

Table 1. 主机及IP地址

Hostname	IP Address	Virtual IP	别名
lhrpg30	172.72.6.30	172.72.6.35	Server1
lhrpg31	172.72.6.31	172.72.6.35	Server2
lhrpg32	172.72.6.32	172.72.6.35	Server3

Table 2. PostgreSQL版本及配置

Item	Value	Detail
PostgreSQL Version	14.2	-
port	5432	-
$PGDATA	/var/lib/pgsql/14/data	-
Archive mode	on	/var/lib/pgsql/archivedir
Replication Slots	Enable	-
Start automatically	Enable	-

Table 3. Pgpool-II版本及配置

Item	Value	Detail
Pgpool-II Version	4.3.0	-
port	9999	Pgpool-II accepts connections
	9898	PCP process accepts connections
	9000	watchdog accepts connections
	9694	UDP port for receiving Watchdog's heartbeat signal
Config file	/etc/pgpool-II/pgpool.conf	Pgpool-II config file
Pgpool-II start user	postgres (Pgpool-II 4.1 or later)	Pgpool-II 4.0 or before, the default startup user is root
Running mode	streaming replication mode	-
Watchdog	on	Life check method: heartbeat
Start automatically	Enable	-

Table 4. 示例脚本

Feature	Script	Detail
Failover	/etc/pgpool-II/failover.sh.sample	Run by failover_command to perform failover
	/etc/pgpool-II/follow_primary.sh.sample	Run by follow_primary_command to synchronize the Standby with the new Primary after failover.
Online recovery	/etc/pgpool-II/recovery_1st_stage.sample	Run by recovery_1st_stage_command to recovery a Standby node
	/etc/pgpool-II/pgpool_remote_start.sample	Run after recovery_1st_stage_command to start the Standby node
Watchdog	/etc/pgpool-II/escalation.sh.sample	Run by wd_escalation_command to switch the Active/Standby Pgpool-II safely

上述脚本包含在RPM包中，可以根据需要进行定制。

-- 网卡
docker network create --subnet=172.72.6.0/24 pg-network

-- 申请主机
docker rm -f lhrpg30
docker run -d --name lhrpg30 -h lhrpg30 \
  --net=pg-network --ip 172.72.6.30 \
  -p 64330:5432 -p 9930:9999 \
  -v /sys/fs/cgroup:/sys/fs/cgroup \
  --privileged=true lhrbest/lhrcentos76:8.5 \
  /usr/sbin/init


docker rm -f lhrpg31
docker run -d --name lhrpg31 -h lhrpg31 \
  --net=pg-network --ip 172.72.6.31 \
  -p 64331:5432 -p 9931:9999 \
  -v /sys/fs/cgroup:/sys/fs/cgroup \
  --privileged=true lhrbest/lhrcentos76:8.5 \
  /usr/sbin/init


docker rm -f lhrpg32
docker run -d --name lhrpg32 -h lhrpg32 \
  --net=pg-network --ip 172.72.6.32 \
  -p 64332:5432 -p 9932:9999 \
  -v /sys/fs/cgroup:/sys/fs/cgroup \
  --privileged=true lhrbest/lhrcentos76:8.5 \
  /usr/sbin/init


[root@docker35 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE                     COMMAND            CREATED          STATUS          PORTS                                                                                    NAMES
84113aee6b76   lhrbest/lhrcentos76:8.5   "/usr/sbin/init"   50 seconds ago   Up 47 seconds   0.0.0.0:64332->5432/tcp, :::64332->5432/tcp, 0.0.0.0:9932->9999/tcp, :::9932->9999/tcp   lhrpg32
cb9e1aa0798b   lhrbest/lhrcentos76:8.5   "/usr/sbin/init"   52 seconds ago   Up 50 seconds   0.0.0.0:64331->5432/tcp, :::64331->5432/tcp, 0.0.0.0:9931->9999/tcp, :::9931->9999/tcp   lhrpg31
f2b458ef2e7d   lhrbest/lhrcentos76:8.5   "/usr/sbin/init"   55 seconds ago   Up 52 seconds   0.0.0.0:64330->5432/tcp, :::64330->5432/tcp, 0.0.0.0:9930->9999/tcp, :::9930->9999/tcp   lhrpg30

安装Pgpool-II和PostgreSQL 14

我们使用yum来安装Pgpool-II和PostgreSQL 14。

在3台机器都安装，如下：

yum安装PG 14.2

参考：【DB宝67】使用yum来安装PostgreSQL13.3数据库

yum install -y https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/reporpms/EL-7-x86_64/pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch.rpm
yum install -y postgresql14 postgresql14-server postgresql14-contrib  postgresql14-libs


/usr/pgsql-14/bin/postgresql-14-setup initdb
systemctl disable postgresql-14
systemctl start postgresql-14
systemctl status postgresql-14

echo "postgres ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL" >> /etc/sudoers
echo 'export PS1="[\u@\h \W]$ "' >> /etc/profile
echo "postgres:lhr" | chpasswd

echo "export PATH=/usr/pgsql-14/bin:$PATH" >> /etc/profile

yum安装pgpool-II

https://www.pgpool.net/yum/rpms/

https://www.pgpool.net/mediawiki/index.php/Yum_Repository

https://www.pgpool.net/docs/latest/en/html/install-rpm.html

yum install -y https://www.pgpool.net/yum/rpms/4.3/redhat/rhel-7-x86_64/pgpool-II-release-4.3-1.noarch.rpm
yum install -y  pgpool-II pgpool-II-pg14-extensions

-- 会安装如下四个包：
  Installing : libmemcached-1.0.16-5.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     1/4 
  Installing : pgpool-II-pcp-4.3.1-1.rhel7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   2/4 
  Installing : pgpool-II-4.3.1-1.rhel7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       3/4 
  Installing : pgpool-II-pg14-extensions-4.3.1-1.rhel7.x86_64 


systemctl disable pgpool-II.service

Note: 如果设置Pgpool-II自动启动，则需要将 search_primary_node_timeout更改为适当的值，以便在服务器启动后启动PostgreSQL。如果Pgpool-II在 search_primary_node_timeout期间无法连接到后端的PostgreSQL，它将失败。

准备工作

在server1操作即可。

配置归档

su - postgres
mkdir -p /var/lib/pgsql/archivedir


-- 配置允许PG远程登录，注意版本：
cat >> /var/lib/pgsql/14/data/postgresql.conf <<"EOF"
listen_addresses = '*'
port=5432
unix_socket_directories='/var/run/postgresql/'
logging_collector = on
log_directory = 'pg_log'
log_filename = 'postgresql-%a.log'
log_truncate_on_rotation = on

archive_mode = on
archive_command = 'cp "%p" "/var/lib/pgsql/archivedir/%f"'
max_wal_senders = 10
max_replication_slots = 10
wal_level = replica
hot_standby = on
wal_log_hints = on

password_encryption = 'md5'

EOF

cat   > /var/lib/pgsql/14/data/pg_hba.conf << "EOF"
# TYPE  DATABASE    USER    ADDRESS       METHOD
local     all       all                    trust
host      all       all    ::1/128         trust
host      all       all   127.0.0.1/32     trust
host      all       all   172.72.6.0/24    trust
host      all       all   0.0.0.0/0        md5
host   replication  all   0.0.0.0/0        md5
EOF


sudo systemctl restart postgresql-14
systemctl status postgresql-14

Server1配置用户

Table 6. Users

User Name	Password	Detail
repl	repl	PostgreSQL复制用户
pgpool	pgpool	Pgpool-II health check (health_check_user) and replication delay check (sr_check_user) user
postgres	postgres	User running online recovery

psql -U postgres -p 5432
CREATE ROLE pgpool WITH LOGIN;
CREATE ROLE repl WITH REPLICATION LOGIN;
alter user postgres with encrypted password 'lhr';
alter user pgpool with encrypted password 'lhr';
alter user repl with encrypted password 'lhr';
GRANT pg_monitor TO pgpool;

配置互信

chmod +x ./sshUserSetup.sh
./sshUserSetup.sh -user root  -hosts "lhrpg30 lhrpg31 lhrpg32" -advanced exverify -confirm
./sshUserSetup.sh -user postgres  -hosts "lhrpg30 lhrpg31 lhrpg32" -advanced exverify -confirm



cp /var/lib/pgsql/.ssh/id_rsa /var/lib/pgsql/.ssh/id_rsa_pgpool
cp /var/lib/pgsql/.ssh/id_rsa.pub /var/lib/pgsql/.ssh/id_rsa_pgpool.pub
chown -R postgres.postgres  /var/lib/pgsql/.ssh/

cp /root/.ssh/id_rsa /root/.ssh/id_rsa_pgpool
cp /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub /root/.ssh/id_rsa_pgpool.pub

pgpool配置

创建pgpool的密码文件

注意：/var/lib/pgsql为postgres用的家目录。

-- 配置psql的密码
cat > /var/lib/pgsql/.pgpass <<"EOF"
172.72.6.30:5432:replication:repl:lhr
172.72.6.31:5432:replication:repl:lhr
172.72.6.32:5432:replication:repl:lhr
172.72.6.35:9999:postgres:pgpool:lhr
172.72.6.35:9999:postgres:postgres:lhr
lhrpg30:5432:replication:repl:lhr
lhrpg31:5432:replication:repl:lhr
lhrpg32:5432:replication:repl:lhr
lhrpg30:5432:postgres:postgres:lhr
lhrpg31:5432:postgres:postgres:lhr
lhrpg32:5432:postgres:postgres:lhr
EOF

chown postgres.postgres /var/lib/pgsql/.pgpass
chmod 600  /var/lib/pgsql/.pgpass



echo 'localhost:9898:pgpool:lhr' > /var/lib/pgsql/.pcppass
chmod 600 /var/lib/pgsql/.pcppass
chown postgres.postgres /var/lib/pgsql/.pcppass


echo 'pgpool:'`pg_md5 -u=pgpool lhr` >> /etc/pgpool-II/pcp.conf

创建pgpool_node_id

server1

echo "0" > /etc/pgpool-II/pgpool_node_id

server2

echo "1" > /etc/pgpool-II/pgpool_node_id

server3

echo "2" > /etc/pgpool-II/pgpool_node_id

Pgpool-II参数配置

cat > /etc/pgpool-II/pgpool.conf <<"EOF"


backend_clustering_mode = 'streaming_replication'


# - pgpool Connection Settings -
listen_addresses = '*'
port=9999

# - Streaming Replication Check
sr_check_user = 'pgpool'
sr_check_password = ''

# - Health Check
health_check_period = 5
health_check_timeout = 30
health_check_user = 'pgpool'
health_check_password = 'lhr'
health_check_max_retries = 3


search_primary_node_timeout = 10min


# - Backend Connection Settings -
backend_hostname0 = '172.72.6.30'
backend_port0 = 5432
backend_weight0 = 1
backend_data_directory0 = '/var/lib/pgsql/14/data'
backend_flag0 = 'ALLOW_TO_FAILOVER'
backend_application_name0 = 'server1'

backend_hostname1 = '172.72.6.31'
backend_port1 = 5432
backend_weight1 = 1
backend_data_directory1 = '/var/lib/pgsql/14/data'
backend_flag1 = 'ALLOW_TO_FAILOVER'
backend_application_name0 = 'server2'

backend_hostname2 = '172.72.6.32'
backend_port2 = 5432
backend_weight2 = 1
backend_data_directory2 = '/var/lib/pgsql/14/data'
backend_flag2 = 'ALLOW_TO_FAILOVER'
backend_application_name0 = 'server3'


# - Failover configuration
failover_command = '/etc/pgpool-II/failover.sh %d %h %p %D %m %H %M %P %r %R %N %S'
follow_primary_command = '/etc/pgpool-II/follow_primary.sh %d %h %p %D %m %H %M %P %r %R'

# - Online Recovery Configurations
recovery_user = 'postgres'
recovery_password = 'lhr'
recovery_1st_stage_command = 'recovery_1st_stage'


# - Client Authentication Configuration
enable_pool_hba = on
pool_passwd = '/etc/pgpool-II/pool_passwd'

# - Watchdog Configuration
use_watchdog = on
delegate_IP = '172.72.6.35'

if_up_cmd = '/usr/bin/sudo /sbin/ip addr add $_IP_$/24 dev eth0 label eth0:1'
if_down_cmd = '/usr/bin/sudo /sbin/ip addr del $_IP_$/24 dev eth0'
arping_cmd = '/usr/bin/sudo /usr/sbin/arping -U $_IP_$ -w 1 -I eth0'

hostname0 = '172.72.6.30'
wd_port0 = 9000
pgpool_port0 = 9999

hostname1 = '172.72.6.31'
wd_port1 = 9000
pgpool_port1 = 9999

hostname2 = '172.72.6.32'
wd_port2 = 9000
pgpool_port2 = 9999

wd_lifecheck_method = 'heartbeat'
wd_interval = 10

heartbeat_hostname0 = '172.72.6.30'
heartbeat_port0 = 9694
heartbeat_device0 = ''

heartbeat_hostname1 = '172.72.6.31'
heartbeat_port1 = 9694
heartbeat_device1 = ''

heartbeat_hostname2 = '172.72.6.32'
heartbeat_port2 = 9694
heartbeat_device2 = ''

wd_heartbeat_keepalive = 2
wd_heartbeat_deadtime = 30

wd_escalation_command = '/etc/pgpool-II/escalation.sh'   



# - Where to log -
log_destination = 'stderr'
logging_collector = on
log_directory = '/var/log/pgpool-II'
log_filename = 'pgpool-%Y-%m-%d_%H%M%S.log'
log_truncate_on_rotation = on
log_rotation_age = 1d
log_rotation_size = 10MB


pid_file_name = '/var/run/postgresql/pgpool.pid'


#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# LOAD BALANCING MODE
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
load_balance_mode = on


EOF





cp -p /etc/pgpool-II/failover.sh{.sample,}
cp -p /etc/pgpool-II/follow_primary.sh{.sample,}
chown postgres:postgres /etc/pgpool-II/{failover.sh,follow_primary.sh}
chmod +x  /etc/pgpool-II/{failover.sh,follow_primary.sh}

cp -p /etc/pgpool-II/recovery_1st_stage.sample /var/lib/pgsql/14/data/recovery_1st_stage
cp -p /etc/pgpool-II/pgpool_remote_start.sample /var/lib/pgsql/14/data/pgpool_remote_start
chown postgres:postgres /var/lib/pgsql/14/data/{recovery_1st_stage,pgpool_remote_start}
chmod +x  /var/lib/pgsql/14/data/{recovery_1st_stage,pgpool_remote_start}

su - postgres
psql template1 -c "CREATE EXTENSION pgpool_recovery"
psql postgres -c "CREATE EXTENSION pgpool_recovery"

echo "host all all 0.0.0.0/0 md5" >> /etc/pgpool-II/pool_hba.conf


-- cat  /etc/pgpool-II/pool_passwd
pg_md5 --md5auth --username=pgpool "lhr"
pg_md5 --md5auth --username=postgres "lhr"



cat > /etc/pgpool-II/escalation.sh <<"EOF"
#!/bin/bash
# This script is run by wd_escalation_command to bring down the virtual IP on other pgpool nodes
# before bringing up the virtual IP on the new active pgpool node.

set -o xtrace

PGPOOLS=(172.72.6.30 172.72.6.31 172.72.6.32)
VIP=172.72.6.35
DEVICE=eth0

for pgpool in "${PGPOOLS[@]}"; do
    [ "$HOSTNAME" = "$pgpool" ] && continue

    ssh -T -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o UserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null postgres@$pgpool -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa_pgpool "
        /usr/bin/sudo /sbin/ip addr del $VIP/24 dev $DEVICE
    "
done
exit 0

EOF


chown postgres:postgres /etc/pgpool-II/escalation.sh
chmod +x  /etc/pgpool-II/*.sh


chown postgres:postgres /etc/pgpool-II/*.conf

故障转移配置

在failover_command参数中执行故障转移后要执行的shell脚本。如果我们使用3台PostgreSQL服务器，我们需要指定follow_primary_command，以便在主节点故障转移后运行。对于两台PostgreSQL服务器，不需要设置follow_primary_command。

failover_command = '/etc/pgpool-II/failover.sh %d %h %p %D %m %H %M %P %r %R %N %S'
follow_primary_command = '/etc/pgpool-II/follow_primary.sh %d %h %p %D %m %H %M %P %r %R'

示例脚本failover.sh和follow_primary.sh安装在/etc/pgpool-II/中。可以使用这些示例文件创建故障转移脚本。

cp -p /etc/pgpool-II/failover.sh{.sample,}
cp -p /etc/pgpool-II/follow_primary.sh{.sample,}
chown postgres:postgres /etc/pgpool-II/{failover.sh,follow_primary.sh}
chmod +x  /etc/pgpool-II/{failover.sh,follow_primary.sh}

注意脚本failover.sh和follow_primary.sh中的PGHOME是否配置正确。脚本follow_primary.sh中的PCP_USER为pgpool。

Pgpool-II在线恢复配置

为了使用Pgpool II执行在线恢复，我们指定PostgreSQL用户名和在线恢复命令recovery_1st_stage。因为执行在线恢复需要PostgreSQL中的超级用户权限，所以我们在recovery_user中指定postgres_user。然后，我们在PostgreSQL主服务器（server1）的数据库集群目录中创建recovery_1st_stage和pgpool_remote_start，并添加执行权限。

recovery_user = 'postgres'
recovery_password = 'lhr'
recovery_1st_stage_command = 'recovery_1st_stage'

在线恢复示例脚本recovery_First_stage和pgpool_remote_start安装在/etc/pgpool II/中。将这些文件复制到主服务器（server1）的数据目录。

cp -p /etc/pgpool-II/recovery_1st_stage.sample /var/lib/pgsql/14/data/recovery_1st_stage
cp -p /etc/pgpool-II/pgpool_remote_start.sample /var/lib/pgsql/14/data/pgpool_remote_start
chown postgres:postgres /var/lib/pgsql/14/data/{recovery_1st_stage,pgpool_remote_start}

Basically, it should work if you change PGHOME according to PostgreSQL installation directory.

注意脚本recovery_1st_stage和pgpool_remote_start中的PGHOME是否配置正确。脚本follow_primary.sh中的PCP_USER为pgpool。

为了使用在线恢复功能，需要pgpool_recovery、pgpool_remote_start、pgpool_switch_xlog等功能，因此我们需要在PostgreSQL server server1的template1上安装pgpool_recovery。

su - postgres
psql template1 -c "CREATE EXTENSION pgpool_recovery"

配置/etc/pgpool-II/pool_hba.conf

-- cat  /etc/pgpool-II/pool_passwd
pg_md5 --md5auth --username=pgpool "lhr"
pg_md5 --md5auth --username=postgres "lhr"

Watchdog配置

cat > /etc/pgpool-II/escalation.sh <<"EOF"
#!/bin/bash
# This script is run by wd_escalation_command to bring down the virtual IP on other pgpool nodes
# before bringing up the virtual IP on the new active pgpool node.

set -o xtrace

PGPOOLS=(172.72.6.30 172.72.6.31 172.72.6.32)
VIP=172.72.6.35
DEVICE=eth0

for pgpool in "${PGPOOLS[@]}"; do
    [ "$HOSTNAME" = "$pgpool" ] && continue

    ssh -T -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o UserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null postgres@$pgpool -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa_pgpool "
        /usr/bin/sudo /sbin/ip addr del $VIP/24 dev $DEVICE
    "
done
exit 0

EOF


chown postgres:postgres /etc/pgpool-II/escalation.sh
chmod +x  /etc/pgpool-II/escalation.sh

启动Pgpool-II

在启动Pgpool-II之前，请先启动PostgreSQL；在关闭PostgreSQL之前，请先关闭Pgpool-II

systemctl start pgpool-II.service
systemctl status pgpool-II.service

过程：

[root@lhrpg32 data]# systemctl start pgpool-II.service
[root@lhrpg32 data]# systemctl status pgpool-II.service
● pgpool-II.service - PGPool-II Middleware Between PostgreSQL Servers And PostgreSQL Database Clients
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/pgpool-II.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Wed 2022-02-23 16:20:55 CST; 373ms ago
 Main PID: 7279 (pgpool)
   CGroup: /docker/84113aee6b76f386a21bd9990d098af5a5720410d71245c74998d749926e8385/system.slice/pgpool-II.service
           ├─7279 /usr/bin/pgpool -f /etc/pgpool-II/pgpool.conf -n -D
           ├─7280 pgpool: PgpoolLogger
           └─7282 pgpool: watchdog

Feb 23 16:20:55 lhrpg32 systemd[1]: Started PGPool-II Middleware Between PostgreSQL Servers And PostgreSQL Database Clients.
Feb 23 16:20:55 lhrpg32 pgpool[7279]: 2022-02-23 16:20:55.552: main pid 7279: LOG:  Backend status file /tmp/pgpool_status does not exist
Feb 23 16:20:55 lhrpg32 pgpool[7279]: 2022-02-23 16:20:55.553: main pid 7279: LOG:  redirecting log output to logging collector process
Feb 23 16:20:55 lhrpg32 pgpool[7279]: 2022-02-23 16:20:55.553: main pid 7279: HINT:  Future log output will appear in directory "/var/log/pgpool_log".
[root@lhrpg32 data]# systemctl status pgpool-II.service
● pgpool-II.service - PGPool-II Middleware Between PostgreSQL Servers And PostgreSQL Database Clients
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/pgpool-II.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Wed 2022-02-23 16:20:55 CST; 11s ago
 Main PID: 7279 (pgpool)
   CGroup: /docker/84113aee6b76f386a21bd9990d098af5a5720410d71245c74998d749926e8385/system.slice/pgpool-II.service
           ├─7279 /usr/bin/pgpool -f /etc/pgpool-II/pgpool.conf -n -D
           ├─7280 pgpool: PgpoolLogger
           ├─7282 pgpool: watchdog
           ├─7288 pgpool: lifecheck
           ├─7289 pgpool: heartbeat receiver
           ├─7290 pgpool: heartbeat sender
           ├─7291 pgpool: heartbeat receiver
           ├─7292 pgpool: heartbeat sender
           ├─7293 pgpool: wait for connection request
           ├─7294 pgpool: wait for connection request
           ├─7295 pgpool: wait for connection request
           ├─7296 pgpool: wait for connection request
           ├─7297 pgpool: wait for connection request
           ├─7298 pgpool: wait for connection request
           ├─7299 pgpool: wait for connection request
           ├─7300 pgpool: wait for connection request
           ├─7301 pgpool: wait for connection request
           ├─7302 pgpool: wait for connection request
           ├─7303 pgpool: wait for connection request
           ├─7304 pgpool: wait for connection request
           ├─7305 pgpool: wait for connection request
           ├─7306 pgpool: wait for connection request
           ├─7307 pgpool: wait for connection request
           ├─7308 pgpool: wait for connection request
           ├─7309 pgpool: wait for connection request
           ├─7310 pgpool: wait for connection request
           ├─7311 pgpool: wait for connection request
           ├─7312 pgpool: wait for connection request
           ├─7313 pgpool: wait for connection request
           ├─7314 pgpool: wait for connection request
           ├─7315 pgpool: wait for connection request
           ├─7316 pgpool: wait for connection request
           ├─7317 pgpool: wait for connection request
           ├─7318 pgpool: wait for connection request
           ├─7319 pgpool: wait for connection request
           ├─7320 pgpool: wait for connection request
           ├─7321 pgpool: wait for connection request
           ├─7322 pgpool: wait for connection request
           ├─7323 pgpool: wait for connection request
           └─7324 pgpool: wait for connection request


Feb 24 09:33:14 lhrpg30 systemd[1]: Started PGPool-II Middleware Between PostgreSQL Servers And PostgreSQL Database Clients.
Feb 24 09:33:14 lhrpg30 pgpool[3256]: 2022-02-24 09:33:14.596: main pid 3256: LOG:  Backend status file /tmp/pgpool_status does not exist
Feb 24 09:33:14 lhrpg30 pgpool[3256]: 2022-02-24 09:33:14.597: main pid 3256: LOG:  redirecting log output to logging collector process
Feb 24 09:33:14 lhrpg30 pgpool[3256]: 2022-02-24 09:33:14.597: main pid 3256: HINT:  Future log output will appear in directory "/var/log/pgpool-II".
Feb 24 09:33:27 lhrpg30 sudo[3330]: postgres : TTY=unknown ; PWD=/ ; USER=root ; COMMAND=/sbin/ip addr add 172.72.6.35/24 dev eth0 label eth0:1
Feb 24 09:33:27 lhrpg30 sudo[3332]: postgres : TTY=unknown ; PWD=/ ; USER=root ; COMMAND=/usr/sbin/arping -U 172.72.6.35 -w 1 -I eth0

[root@lhrpg30 pgpool-II]# ifconfig
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 172.72.6.30  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 172.72.6.255
        ether 02:42:ac:48:06:1e  txqueuelen 0  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 34373  bytes 39051830 (37.2 MiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 27310  bytes 1702331 (1.6 MiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

eth0:1: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 172.72.6.35  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 0.0.0.0
        ether 02:42:ac:48:06:1e  txqueuelen 0  (Ethernet)

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        loop  txqueuelen 1000  (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 1907  bytes 500420 (488.6 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 1907  bytes 500420 (488.6 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

节点1已经有VIP了。

配置PostgreSQL主备库

3个节点都启动pgpool:

systemctl start pgpool-II.service
systemctl status pgpool-II.service

首先，我们应该使用Pgpool-II在线恢复功能设置PostgreSQL备用服务器。确保pcp_recovery_node命令使用的recovery_1st_stage和pgpool_remote_start脚本位于PostgreSQL主服务器（server1）的数据库群集目录中。

[postgres@lhrpg30 data]$ pcp_recovery_node -h 172.72.6.30 -p 9898 -U pgpool -n 1
Password: 
pcp_recovery_node -- Command Successful

[postgres@lhrpg30 data]$ pcp_recovery_node -h 172.72.6.30 -p 9898 -U pgpool -n 2
Password: 
pcp_recovery_node -- Command Successful

在执行pcp_recovery_node命令后，验证server2和server3是否作为PostgreSQL备用服务器启动。

[postgres@lhrpg30 data]$ psql -h 172.72.6.35 -p 9999 -U pgpool postgres -c "show pool_nodes"
 node_id |  hostname   | port | status | pg_status | lb_weight |  role   | pg_role | select_cnt | load_balance_node | replication_delay | replication_state | replication_sync_state | last_status_change  
---------+-------------+------+--------+-----------+-----------+---------+---------+------------+-------------------+-------------------+-------------------+------------------------+---------------------
 0       | 172.72.6.30 | 5432 | up     | up        | 0.333333  | primary | primary | 0          | false             | 0                 |                   |                        | 2022-02-24 10:01:09
 1       | 172.72.6.31 | 5432 | up     | up        | 0.333333  | standby | standby | 0          | false             | 0                 |                   |                        | 2022-02-24 10:50:54
 2       | 172.72.6.32 | 5432 | up     | up        | 0.333333  | standby | standby | 0          | true              | 0                 |                   |                        | 2022-02-24 10:50:54
(3 rows)

切换active/standby watchdog

[root@lhrpg30 pgpool_log]# pcp_watchdog_info -h 172.72.6.35 -p 9898 -U pgpool
Password: 
3 3 YES 172.72.6.30:9999 Linux lhrpg30 172.72.6.30

172.72.6.30:9999 Linux lhrpg30 172.72.6.30 9999 9000 4 LEADER 0 MEMBER #The Pgpool-II server started first became "LEADER".
172.72.6.31:9999 Linux lhrpg31 172.72.6.31 9999 9000 7 STANDBY 0 MEMBER #run as standby
172.72.6.32:9999 Linux lhrpg32 172.72.6.32 9999 9000 7 STANDBY 0 MEMBER #run as standby

停止server1节点或者停止server1上的Pgpool-II服务：

[postgres@lhrpg30 data]$ ifconfig
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 172.72.6.30  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 172.72.6.255
        ether 02:42:ac:48:06:1e  txqueuelen 0  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 13542377  bytes 1195679259 (1.1 GiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 9497810  bytes 872759308 (832.3 MiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

eth0:1: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 172.72.6.35  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 0.0.0.0
        ether 02:42:ac:48:06:1e  txqueuelen 0  (Ethernet)

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        loop  txqueuelen 1000  (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 59053  bytes 20664387 (19.7 MiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 59053  bytes 20664387 (19.7 MiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

[postgres@lhrpg30 data]$ 
[postgres@lhrpg30 data]$ 
[postgres@lhrpg30 data]$ 
[postgres@lhrpg30 data]$ cd
[postgres@lhrpg30 ~]$ 
[postgres@lhrpg30 ~]$ 
[postgres@lhrpg30 ~]$ systemctl stop pgpool-II.service        
==== AUTHENTICATING FOR org.freedesktop.systemd1.manage-units ===
Authentication is required to manage system services or units.
Authenticating as: root
Password: 
==== AUTHENTICATION COMPLETE ===
[postgres@lhrpg30 ~]$ 
[postgres@lhrpg30 ~]$ ifconfig
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 172.72.6.30  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 172.72.6.255
        ether 02:42:ac:48:06:1e  txqueuelen 0  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 13543714  bytes 1195859958 (1.1 GiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 9499106  bytes 872937513 (832.4 MiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        loop  txqueuelen 1000  (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 60393  bytes 21167594 (20.1 MiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 60393  bytes 21167594 (20.1 MiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

[postgres@lhrpg30 ~]$  pcp_watchdog_info -h 172.72.6.35 -p 9898 -U pgpool
Password: 
3 3 YES 172.72.6.32:9999 Linux lhrpg32 172.72.6.32

172.72.6.32:9999 Linux lhrpg32 172.72.6.32 9999 9000 4 LEADER 0 MEMBER
172.72.6.30:9999 Linux lhrpg30 172.72.6.30 9999 9000 10 SHUTDOWN 0 MEMBER
172.72.6.31:9999 Linux lhrpg31 172.72.6.31 9999 9000 7 STANDBY 0 MEMBER

启动server1上的Pgpool-II服务，该服务会以standby角色运行：

[postgres@lhrpg30 ~]$ sudo systemctl start pgpool-II.service
[postgres@lhrpg30 ~]$  pcp_watchdog_info -h 172.72.6.35 -p 9898 -U pgpool
Password: 
3 3 YES 172.72.6.32:9999 Linux lhrpg32 172.72.6.32

172.72.6.32:9999 Linux lhrpg32 172.72.6.32 9999 9000 4 LEADER 0 MEMBER
172.72.6.30:9999 Linux lhrpg30 172.72.6.30 9999 9000 7 STANDBY 0 MEMBER
172.72.6.31:9999 Linux lhrpg31 172.72.6.31 9999 9000 7 STANDBY 0 MEMBER

Failover

[postgres@lhrpg30 ~]$ psql -h 172.72.6.35 -p 9999 -U pgpool postgres -c "show pool_nodes"
 node_id |  hostname   | port | status | pg_status | lb_weight |  role   | pg_role | select_cnt | load_balance_node | replication_delay | replication_state | replication_sync_state | last_status_change  
---------+-------------+------+--------+-----------+-----------+---------+---------+------------+-------------------+-------------------+-------------------+------------------------+---------------------
 0       | 172.72.6.30 | 5432 | up     | up        | 0.333333  | primary | primary | 0          | true              | 0                 |                   |                        | 2022-02-24 10:59:29
 1       | 172.72.6.31 | 5432 | up     | up        | 0.333333  | standby | standby | 0          | false             | 0                 |                   |                        | 2022-02-24 10:59:29
 2       | 172.72.6.32 | 5432 | up     | up        | 0.333333  | standby | standby | 0          | false             | 0                 |                   |                        | 2022-02-24 10:59:29
(3 rows)

停止节点1的PG数据库，

[postgres@lhrpg30 ~]$ pg_ctl -D /var/lib/pgsql/14/data -m immediate stop 
waiting for server to shut down.... done
server stopped

在关闭server1上的PG后，failover自动发生，节点3成为新的主库：

 [postgres@lhrpg30 ~]$  psql -h 172.72.6.35 -p 9999 -U pgpool postgres -c "show pool_nodes" 
 node_id |  hostname   | port | status | pg_status | lb_weight |  role   | pg_role | select_cnt | load_balance_node | replication_delay | replication_state | replication_sync_state | last_status_change  
---------+-------------+------+--------+-----------+-----------+---------+---------+------------+-------------------+-------------------+-------------------+------------------------+---------------------
 0       | 172.72.6.30 | 5432 | down   | down      | 0.333333  | standby | unknown | 0          | false             | 0                 |                   |                        | 2022-02-24 11:17:21
 1       | 172.72.6.31 | 5432 | up     | up        | 0.333333  | standby | standby | 0          | true              | 0                 |                   |                        | 2022-02-24 10:59:29
 2       | 172.72.6.32 | 5432 | up     | up        | 0.333333  | primary | primary | 0          | false             | 0                 |                   |                        | 2022-02-24 10:59:29
(3 rows)

在线恢复

恢复之前宕掉的server1主机：

[postgres@lhrpg30 ~]$ pcp_recovery_node -h 172.72.6.35 -p 9898 -U pgpool -n 0
Password: 
pcp_recovery_node -- Command Successful

可以看到，server1作为一个standby存在：

[postgres@lhrpg30 ~]$ psql -h 172.72.6.35 -p 9999 -U pgpool postgres -c "show pool_nodes"
 node_id |  hostname   | port | status | pg_status | lb_weight |  role   | pg_role | select_cnt | load_balance_node | replication_delay | replication_state | replication_sync_state | last_status_change  
---------+-------------+------+--------+-----------+-----------+---------+---------+------------+-------------------+-------------------+-------------------+------------------------+---------------------
 0       | 172.72.6.30 | 5432 | up     | up        | 0.333333  | standby | standby | 0          | false             | 280               |                   |                        | 2022-02-24 11:30:11
 1       | 172.72.6.31 | 5432 | up     | up        | 0.333333  | standby | standby | 0          | false             | 280               |                   |                        | 2022-02-24 10:59:29
 2       | 172.72.6.32 | 5432 | up     | up        | 0.333333  | primary | primary | 0          | true              | 0                 |                   |                        | 2022-02-24 11:30:00
(3 rows)

读写分离+负载均衡

[postgres@lhrpg30 ~]$ for i in $(seq 1 20); do psql -U pgpool -h 172.72.6.35 -p 9999 -d postgres -c 'SELECT inet_server_addr()'; done | egrep '172.'
 172.72.6.31
 172.72.6.32
 172.72.6.32
 172.72.6.30
 172.72.6.30
 172.72.6.30
 172.72.6.31
 172.72.6.31
 172.72.6.30
 172.72.6.31
 172.72.6.30
 172.72.6.31
 172.72.6.32
 172.72.6.31
 172.72.6.30
 172.72.6.31
 172.72.6.31
 172.72.6.31
 172.72.6.31
 172.72.6.32
[postgres@lhrpg30 ~]$ for i in $(seq 1 20); do psql -U pgpool -h 172.72.6.35 -p 9999 -d postgres -c 'SELECT inet_server_addr()'; done | egrep '172.' | grep 31
 172.72.6.31
 172.72.6.31
 172.72.6.31
 172.72.6.31
[postgres@lhrpg30 ~]$ for i in $(seq 1 20); do psql -U pgpool -h 172.72.6.35 -p 9999 -d postgres -c 'SELECT inet_server_addr()'; done | egrep '172.' | grep 32
 172.72.6.32
 172.72.6.32
 172.72.6.32
 172.72.6.32
 172.72.6.32
 172.72.6.32
[postgres@lhrpg30 ~]$ for i in $(seq 1 20); do psql -U pgpool -h 172.72.6.35 -p 9999 -d postgres -c 'SELECT inet_server_addr()'; done | egrep '172.' | grep 30
 172.72.6.30
 172.72.6.30
 172.72.6.30
 172.72.6.30
 172.72.6.30
 172.72.6.30
 172.72.6.30

测试之前，可以考虑修改文件pgpool.conf中的如下参数：

log_statement=all
log_per_node_statement =on
client_min_messages =log
log_min_messages = info

生效：

pgpool reload

测试完成后，修改回原值：

log_statement=off
log_per_node_statement = off
# client_min_messages =notice
# log_min_messages = warning

测试过程：

-- 开3个窗口
psql -U postgres -h 192.168.66.35 -p 9999 -d sbtest

create table test(id int);
insert into test values(1);
select * from test;

过程省略，参考：https://www.xmmup.com/dbbao61postgresqlshiyongpgpool-iishixianduxiefenlifuzaijunheng.html

安装pgpoolAdmin

更多内容参考：【DB宝72】pgpool-II和pgpoolAdmin的使用

pgpool项目还提供了一个使用PHP写的 Web管理工具，称为“pgpoolAdmin "，该Web管理工具可以以 Web界面方式实现pgpool-II 的配置。

pgpoolAdmin下载：https://pgpool.net/mediawiki/index.php/Downloads

pgpoolAdmin官方文档：https://www.pgpool.net/docs/pgpoolAdmin/index_en.html

pgpoolAdmin安装：https://www.pgpool.net/docs/pgpoolAdmin/en/install.html

The pgpool Administration Tool is management tool of pgpool. It is possible to monitor, start, stop pgpool and change setting for pgpool.

PgpoolAdmin是管理pgpool的WEB界面工具，可以对pgpool进行监控，启停服务，更改设置。

使用yum直接安装：

yum install -y https://www.pgpool.net/yum/rpms/4.3/redhat/rhel-7-x86_64/pgpool-II-release-4.3-1.noarch.rpm
yum install -y pgpoolAdmin
ln -s /usr/share/pgpoolAdmin  /var/www/html/admin

-- 默认安装的php为5.4版本，需要卸载掉，最低版本为：PHP 5.6.0 and higher，否则浏览器会返回500错误
rpm -e  php-common-5.4.16-48.el7.x86_64  --nodeps
rpm -e  php-process-5.4.16-48.el7.x86_64  --nodeps
rpm -e  php-cli-5.4.16-48.el7.x86_64  --nodeps
rpm -e  php-5.4.16-48.el7.x86_64  --nodeps
rpm -e  php-pdo-5.4.16-48.el7.x86_64  --nodeps
rpm -e  php-pgsql-5.4.16-48.el7.x86_64  --nodeps


-- 安装http和php
rpm -Uvh https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm
rpm -Uvh https://mirror.webtatic.com/yum/el7/webtatic-release.rpm

yum -y install httpd
yum install -y php72w php72w-common php72w-cli php72w-gd php72w-xml php72w-mbstring php72w-ldap \
php72w-pear php72w-xmlrpc php72w-pdo \
php72w-mbstring php72w-pgsql php72w-process


systemctl restart httpd.service
systemctl status httpd.service

php -v



chmod 666  /etc/pgpool-II/pgpool.conf
chmod 666  /etc/pgpool-II/pcp.conf


echo  "pgpooladmin:3996643de967b80174e48fb45d7227b1" >> /etc/pgpool-II/pcp.conf

echo  "*:*:pgpool:lhr" >> /usr/share/httpd/.pcppass
echo  "*:*:pgpooladmin:lhr" >> /usr/share/httpd/.pcppass

chown apache:apache /usr/share/httpd/.pcppass
chmod 0600 /usr/share/httpd/.pcppass


-- 更新pool_passwd：cat /etc/pgpool-II/pool_passwd
pg_md5 --md5auth --username=pgpooladmin "lhr"



-- 数据库创建用户
create user pgpooladmin login encrypted password 'lhr' superuser;
grant postgres to pgpooladmin;

启动：

[root@lhrpg30 ~]# netstat -tulnp | grep 80
[root@lhrpg30 ~]# systemctl enable httpd
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service.
[root@lhrpg30 ~]# systemctl start httpd
[root@lhrpg30 ~]# systemctl status httpd
● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Thu 2022-02-24 12:52:59 CST; 3s ago
     Docs: man:httpd(8)
           man:apachectl(8)
 Main PID: 27358 (httpd)
   Status: "Processing requests..."
   CGroup: /docker/7d7822b7277ed674bd973fcd9267cd9c0c28d62d21143aa5650c4e0b2d497253/system.slice/httpd.service
           ├─27358 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─27359 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─27360 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─27361 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─27362 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           └─27363 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND

Feb 24 12:52:59 lhrpg30 systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server...
Feb 24 12:52:59 lhrpg30 httpd[27358]: AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 172.72.6.30. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
Feb 24 12:52:59 lhrpg30 systemd[1]: Started The Apache HTTP Server.

[root@lhrpg30 ~]# netstat -tulnp | grep 80
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:80              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      27358/httpd

第一次使用，需要进行配置：

http://172.72.6.30/admin/install/