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1. CloudSim简介:
2009年4月8日,澳大利亚墨尔本大学的网格实验室和Gridbus项目宣布推出云计算仿真软件,称为CloudSim。它是在离散事件模拟包SimJava上开发的函数库,可在Windows和Linux系统上跨平台运行,CloudSim继承了GridSim的编程模型,支持云计算的研究和开发。
2. CloudSim提供了以下新的特点:
3. CloudSim源代码介绍几个核心类:
(1)Cloudlet类:构建云环境下的任务。 (2)DataCenter类:数据中心,提供虚拟化的网格资源,处理虚拟机信息的查询,包含虚拟机对资源的分配策略,云计算采用VMProvisioner处理虚拟机。 (3)DataCenterBroker类:隐藏了虚拟机的管理,如创建、任务提交、虚拟机的销毁等。 (4)Host类:扩展了机器对虚拟机除处理单元(PE)之外的参数分配策略,如带宽、存储空间、内存等,一台Host可对应多台虚拟机。 (5)VirtualMachine类:虚拟机类,运行在Host上,与其它虚拟机共享资源,每台虚拟机由一个拥有者所有,可提交任务,并由VMScheduler类定制该虚拟机的调度策略。 (6)VMScheduler类:虚拟机的调度策略,用来管理执行任务,实现了任务接口。 (7)VMCharacteristics类:提供虚拟机描述。 (8)VMMAllocationPolicy类:虚拟机监视器策略类,描述同一Host上的多台虚拟机共享资源的策略。 (9)VMProvisioner类:实现数据中心的主机到虚拟机的映射。
4. CloudSim下载,CloudSim在IDEA中配置
CloudSim下载: GitHub:https://github.com/Cloudslab/cloudsim ClodSimPlus:https://cloudsimplus.org/ CloudSim在IDEA中配置: 👉哔哩哔哩
5. CloudSim环境配置
(1)JDK安装和配置 下载并配置好JDK1.8 (2)CloudSim配置 从http://www.gridbus.org/cloudsim/ 下载CloudSim 1.0 beta版,下载的是一个Zip包,解压压缩包即可。设置环境变量,在ClassPath中加入路径:C:/CLOUDSIM/jars/cloudsim.jar; C:/CLOUDSIM/jars/gridsim.jar; C:/CLOUDSIM/jars/simjava2.jar; 。
6. CloudSim的扩展
CloudSim是开源的,可以在windows Xp和linux上运行,用户可以根据自己的研究内容自行扩展CloudSim,加入自己的代码后,需要重新编译并发布平台。下面给出编译和生成平台的方法: 从http://ant.apache.org/ 下载Ant工具,解压到目录D:/apache-ant-1.7.1,设置环境变量,在PATH中加入:D:/apache-ant-1.7.1/bin;。将命令行切换到扩展的CloudSim路径(build.xml所在目录),在命令行下键入命令D:/CloudSim>ant,批量编译CloudSim源文件,生成的文件按照build.xml的设置存储到指定位置,编译成功后在命令行下键入D:/CloudSim>ant makejar命令打包生成new_cloudsim.jar。扩展的CloudSim平台生成成功。重设环境变量,在ClassPath中增加路径:D:/CloudSim/jars/new_cloudsim.jar;D:/CloudSim/jars/cloudsim.jar;D:/CloudSim/jars/g-ridsim.jar; D:/CloudSim/jars/simjava2.jar;,下一步在新的平台下编写自己的仿真验证程序。
7. 使用CloudSim仿真的一般步骤
//(1) 初始化GridSim 库
GridSim.init(num_user, calendar, trace_flag, exclude_from_file,exclude_from_processing, report_name);
//(2) 创建数据中心,在CloudSim仿真平台中,一个数据中心由一个或多个Machine组成,一个Machine是由一个或多个PEs或CPUs组成。
DataCenter datacenter0 = createDatacenter("Datacenter_0");
//(3) 创建代理Broker
DatacenterBroker broker = createBroker();
int brokerId = broker.get_id();
//(4) 创建虚拟机
vmlist = new VirtualMachineList();
//创建时为虚拟机指定Broker
VirtualMachine vm1 = new VirtualMachine(new VMCharacteristics(vmid,brokerId,size,memory,bw,vcpus,priority,vmm,new TimeSharedVMScheduler()));
//将虚拟机加入虚拟机列表
vmlist.add(vm1);
//向相应代理Broker提交虚拟机列表
broker.submitVMList(vmlist);
//(5) 创建云任务**
cloudletList = new CloudletList();
//创建时指定任务的用户ID,BrokerID
Cloudlet cloudlet1 = new Cloudlet(id, length, file_size, output_size);
cloudlet1.setUserID(brokerId);
//将任务加入任务列表
cloudletList.add(cloudlet1);
//向代理Broker提交任务列表
broker.submitCloudletList(cloudletList);
//(6) 启动仿真
GridSim.startGridSimulation();
//(7) 在仿真结束后统计结果
CloudletList newList = broker.getCloudletList();
GridSim.stopGridSimulation();
printCloudletList(newList);
datacenter0.printDebts();
若是根据自己研究对平台进行了扩展,平台重生成后,就可以在仿真程序中调用自己编写的类、方法、成员变量等。
8. 使用CloudSim源码中 CloudSimExample1 的解读:
package org.cloudbus.cloudsim.examples;
/* * Title: CloudSim Toolkit * Description: CloudSim (Cloud Simulation) Toolkit for Modeling and Simulation * of Clouds * Licence: GPL - http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html * * Copyright (c) 2009, The University of Melbourne, Australia */
import java.text.DecimalFormat;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Calendar;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;
import org.cloudbus.cloudsim.Cloudlet;
import org.cloudbus.cloudsim.CloudletSchedulerTimeShared;
import org.cloudbus.cloudsim.Datacenter;
import org.cloudbus.cloudsim.DatacenterBroker;
import org.cloudbus.cloudsim.DatacenterCharacteristics;
import org.cloudbus.cloudsim.Host;
import org.cloudbus.cloudsim.Log;
import org.cloudbus.cloudsim.Pe;
import org.cloudbus.cloudsim.Storage;
import org.cloudbus.cloudsim.UtilizationModel;
import org.cloudbus.cloudsim.UtilizationModelFull;
import org.cloudbus.cloudsim.Vm;
import org.cloudbus.cloudsim.VmAllocationPolicySimple;
import org.cloudbus.cloudsim.VmSchedulerTimeShared;
import org.cloudbus.cloudsim.core.CloudSim;
import org.cloudbus.cloudsim.provisioners.BwProvisionerSimple;
import org.cloudbus.cloudsim.provisioners.PeProvisionerSimple;
import org.cloudbus.cloudsim.provisioners.RamProvisionerSimple;
/** * A simple example showing how to create a data center with one host and run one cloudlet on it. * 演示如何使用一台主机创建一个数据中心并在其上运行一个cloudlet。 * ContainerCloudSimExample1模拟了如何使用一台主机、一台VM、一个容器创建一个数据中心,并在其上运行一个云任务 * ContainerCloudSimExample1为例,可将仿真流程分成三个阶段:初始化仿真环境,执行仿真,结束仿真,从这三个阶段对容器编程进行了解。 */
public class CloudSimExample1 {
/** The cloudlet list. */
private static List<Cloudlet> cloudletList;
/** The vmlist. */
private static List<Vm> vmlist;
/** * Creates main() to run this example. * * @param args the args */
@SuppressWarnings("unused")
public static void main(String[] args) {
Log.printLine("Starting CloudSimExample1...");
try {
// First step: Initialize the CloudSim package. It should be called before creating any entities.
//在创建任何实体类之前,必须初始化CloudSim包
int num_user = 1; // number of cloud users
Calendar calendar = Calendar.getInstance(); // Calendar whose fields have been initialized with the current date and time.
boolean trace_flag = false; // trace events
/* Comment Start - Dinesh Bhagwat * Initialize the CloudSim library. 初始化CloudSim库 * * init()调用initCommonVariable(),initCommonVariable()又调用initialize()(这三个方法都在CloudSim.java中定义) * init() invokes initCommonVariable() which in turn calls initialize() (all these 3 methods are defined in CloudSim.java). * * initialize()创建两个集合-SimEntity对象(表示模拟实体的命名实体)的ArrayList和 LinkedHashMap(名为entitiesByName,表示相同仿真实体的LinkedHashMap),每个SimEntity的名称作为键。 * initialize() creates two collections - an ArrayList of SimEntity Objects (named entities which denote the simulation entities) and * a LinkedHashMap (named entitiesByName which denote the LinkedHashMap of the same simulation entities), with name of every SimEntity as the key. * * initialize()创造两个队列:一个future的SimEvent队列 和 一个deferred的SimEvenr队列 * initialize() creates two queues - a Queue of SimEvents (future) and another Queue of SimEvents (deferred). * * initialize()创造一个谓词的 HaspMap , 这些谓词用于为延迟队列选择特定事件 * initialize() creates a HashMap of of Predicates (with integers as keys) - these predicates are used to select a particular event from the deferred queue. * * initialize() 将模拟时钟设置为0,将running设置为flse * initialize() sets the simulation clock to 0 and running (a boolean flag) to false. * * 一旦initialize()返回(请注意,我们现在使用的是initCommonVariable()方法),就会创建一个CloudSimShutDown(从SimEntity派生)实例 * Once initialize() returns (note that we are in method initCommonVariable() now), a CloudSimShutDown (which is derived from SimEntity) instance is created * * (numuser为1,名称为CloudSimShutDown,id为-1,state为RUNNABLE)。然后将此新实体添加到模拟中 * (with numuser as 1, its name as CloudSimShutDown, id as -1, and state as RUNNABLE). Then this new entity is added to the simulation * * 当被添加到模拟中时,其id更改为0(从早期的-1)。两个集合-entities和entitiesByName使用此SimEntity更新。 * While being added to the simulation, its id changes to 0 (from the earlier -1). The two collections - entities and entitiesByName are updated with this SimEntity. * * shutdownId(其默认值为-1)为0 * the shutdownId (whose default value was -1) is 0 * * 一旦initCommonVariable()返回(请注意,我们现在使用的是init()方法),就会创建一个CloudInformationService(它也是从SimEntity派生的)实例 * Once initCommonVariable() returns (note that we are in method init() now), a CloudInformationService (which is also derived from SimEntity) instance is created * * (名称为CloudInformatinService,id为-1,状态为RUNNABLE)。然后这个新实体也被添加到模拟中。 * (with its name as CloudInformatinService, id as -1, and state as RUNNABLE). Then this new entity is also added to the simulation. * * 当被添加到模拟中时,simentity的id从其早期的值-1更改为1(这是下一个id)。两个集合-entities和entitiesByName使用此SimEntity更新。CIID(其默认值为-1)为1 * While being added to the simulation, the id of the SimEntitiy is changed to 1 (which is the next id) from its earlier value of -1. * The two collections - entities and entitiesByName are updated with this SimEntity. * the cisId(whose default value is -1) is 1 * Comment End - Dinesh Bhagwat */
// 第一步:对于容器,在创建一些实体之前,初始化CloudSim工具包。num_user(云用户数量),calendar(日历), trace_flag(标志位)。
CloudSim.init(num_user, calendar, trace_flag);
// 第二步:创建数据中心 ,数据中心是cloudSim 的资源提供者、需要列出其中一个来运行CloudSim模拟
// Second step: Create Datacenters
// Datacenters are the resource providers in CloudSim. We need at
// list one of them to run a CloudSim simulation
Datacenter datacenter0 = createDatacenter("Datacenter_0");
// 第三步:创建代理
// Third step: Create Broker
DatacenterBroker broker = createBroker();
int brokerId = broker.getId();
// 第四步:创建虚拟机
// Fourth step: Create one virtual machine
vmlist = new ArrayList<Vm>();
// VM description 虚拟机描述
int vmid = 0;
int mips = 1000;
long size = 10000; // image size (MB)
int ram = 512; // vm memory (MB)
long bw = 1000;
int pesNumber = 1; // number of cpus
String vmm = "Xen"; // VMM name
// create VM
Vm vm = new Vm(vmid, brokerId, mips, pesNumber, ram, bw, size, vmm, new CloudletSchedulerTimeShared());
// add the VM to the vmList 将创建的vm添加到虚拟机队列
vmlist.add(vm);
// submit vm list to the broker 将创建的vm提交给代理
broker.submitVmList(vmlist);
// 第四步:创建一个 cloudlet
// Fifth step: Create one Cloudlet
cloudletList = new ArrayList<Cloudlet>();
// Cloudlet properties cloudlet描述
int id = 0;
long length = 400000;
long fileSize = 300;
long outputSize = 300;
UtilizationModel utilizationModel = new UtilizationModelFull();
Cloudlet cloudlet =
new Cloudlet(id, length, pesNumber, fileSize,
outputSize, utilizationModel, utilizationModel,
utilizationModel);
cloudlet.setUserId(brokerId);
cloudlet.setVmId(vmid);
// add the cloudlet to the list 将cloudlet加入列表
cloudletList.add(cloudlet);
// submit cloudlet list to the broker 将cloudlet列表提交给代理
broker.submitCloudletList(cloudletList);
// 第六步:开始模拟
// Sixth step: Starts the simulation
CloudSim.startSimulation();
CloudSim.stopSimulation();
// 最后一步:打印结束信息
//Final step: Print results when simulation is over
List<Cloudlet> newList = broker.getCloudletReceivedList();
System.out.println("打印CloudletList:");
printCloudletList(newList);
Log.printLine("CloudSimExample1 finished!");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
Log.printLine("Unwanted errors happen");
}
}
/** * Creates the datacenter. * * @param name the name * * @return the datacenter */
private static Datacenter createDatacenter(String name) {
//创建 PowerDatacenter 的步骤
// Here are the steps needed to create a PowerDatacenter:
// 1. We need to create a list to store 创建一个存储列表,来存储机器
// our machine
List<Host> hostList = new ArrayList<Host>();
// 2. A Machine contains one or more PEs or CPUs/Cores.一台机器包含一个或多个PE或CPU
// In this example, it will have only one core.
List<Pe> peList = new ArrayList<Pe>();
int mips = 1000;
// 3. Create PEs and add these into a list. 创建PE并加入到列表中
peList.add(new Pe(0, new PeProvisionerSimple(mips))); // need to store Pe id and MIPS Rating 需要存储Pe id和MIPS等级(此处只加了一个pe)
// 4. Create Host with its id and list of PEs and add them to the list 创建具有id和PE列表的主机,并将他们添加到计算机列表中
// of machines
int hostId = 0;
int ram = 2048; // host memory (MB)
long storage = 1000000; // host storage
int bw = 10000;
hostList.add(
new Host(
hostId,
new RamProvisionerSimple(ram), //设置内存和带宽
new BwProvisionerSimple(bw),
storage,
peList,
new VmSchedulerTimeShared(peList)
)
); // This is our machine
//创建一个 DatacenterCharacteristics 对象来存储数据中心的属性:体系结构、操作系统、计算机列表、分配策略(时间或空间共享、时区及其价格)
// 5. Create a DatacenterCharacteristics object that stores the properties of a data center: architecture, OS, list of
// Machines, allocation policy: time- or space-shared, time zone
// and its price (G$/Pe time unit).
String arch = "x86"; // system architecture 系统结构
String os = "Linux"; // operating system 运行系统
String vmm = "Xen";
double time_zone = 10.0; // time zone this resource located 资源所在时区
double cost = 3.0; // the cost of using processing in this resource 在此资源中实使用处理的成本
double costPerMem = 0.05; // the cost of using memory in this resource 使用的内存资源消耗
double costPerStorage = 0.001; // the cost of using storage in this resource 在此资源中使用存储的成本
double costPerBw = 0.0; // the cost of using bw in this resource 在此资源中使用带宽的成本
LinkedList<Storage> storageList = new LinkedList<Storage>(); // we are not adding SAN devices by now
DatacenterCharacteristics characteristics = new DatacenterCharacteristics(
arch, os, vmm, hostList, time_zone, cost, costPerMem,
costPerStorage, costPerBw);
// 6. Finally, we need to create a PowerDatacenter object.
Datacenter datacenter = null;
try {
datacenter = new Datacenter(name, characteristics, new VmAllocationPolicySimple(hostList), storageList, 0);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return datacenter;
}
// We strongly encourage users to develop their own broker policies, to submit vms and cloudlets according to the specific rules of the simulated scenario
// 我们强烈鼓励用户开发自己的代理策略,根据模拟场景的特定规则提交vm和cloudlet
// 此处,可以考虑如何改变代理策略
/** * Creates the broker. * * @return the datacenter broker */
private static DatacenterBroker createBroker() {
DatacenterBroker broker = null;
try {
broker = new DatacenterBroker("Broker");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return null;
}
return broker;
}
/** * Prints the Cloudlet objects. * * @param list list of Cloudlets */
private static void printCloudletList(List<Cloudlet> list) {
int size = list.size();
Cloudlet cloudlet;
String indent = " ";
Log.printLine();
Log.printLine("========== OUTPUT ==========");
Log.printLine("Cloudlet ID" + indent + "STATUS" + indent
+ "Data center ID" + indent + "VM ID" + indent + "Time" + indent
+ "Start Time" + indent + "Finish Time");
DecimalFormat dft = new DecimalFormat("###.##");
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
cloudlet = list.get(i);
Log.print(indent + cloudlet.getCloudletId() + indent + indent);
if (cloudlet.getCloudletStatus() == Cloudlet.SUCCESS) {
Log.print("SUCCESS");
Log.printLine(indent + indent + cloudlet.getResourceId()
+ indent + indent + indent + cloudlet.getVmId()
+ indent + indent
+ dft.format(cloudlet.getActualCPUTime()) + indent
+ indent + dft.format(cloudlet.getExecStartTime())
+ indent + indent
+ dft.format(cloudlet.getFinishTime()));
}
}
}
}
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