“终于懂了” 系列：组件化框架 ARouter 完全解析（一） 原理详解

// 在module app中
//1.初始化SDK
ARouter.init(mApplication); // 尽可能早，推荐在Application中初始化

// moduleA
// 2.在支持路由的页面上添加注解(必选)
// 路径注意至少需有两级，/xx/xx
@Route(path = "/test/activity")
public class YourActivity extend Activity {
    ...
}

// moduleB（没有依赖 moduleA）
// 3.发起路由跳转
ARouter.getInstance().build("/test/activity").navigation();

public static ARouter getInstance() {
    if (!hasInit) { // 未初始化则报异常
        throw new InitException("ARouter::Init::Invoke init(context) first!");
    } else {
        if (instance == null) {
            synchronized (ARouter.class) {
                if (instance == null) {
                    instance = new ARouter();
                }
            }
        }
        return instance;
    }
}

public Postcard build(String path) {
    return _ARouter.getInstance().build(path);
}

protected Postcard build(String path) {
    if (TextUtils.isEmpty(path)) { //path不能为空
        throw new HandlerException(Consts.TAG + "Parameter is invalid!");
    } else {
        //path替换，这是预处理
        PathReplaceService pService = ARouter.getInstance().navigation(PathReplaceService.class);
        if (null != pService) {
            path = pService.forString(path);
        }
        return build(path, extractGroup(path), true);
    }
}

protected Postcard build(String path, String group, Boolean afterReplace) {
    if (TextUtils.isEmpty(path) || TextUtils.isEmpty(group)) {
        throw new HandlerException(Consts.TAG + "Parameter is invalid!");
    } else {
        ...
        return new Postcard(path, group);
    }
}

public final class Postcard extends RouteMeta {

    // Base
    private Uri uri;                //使用Uri方式发起的路由
    private Object tag;             // A tag prepare for some thing wrong. inner params, DO NOT USE!
    private Bundle mBundle;         //启动activity的传入的Bundle
    private int flags = ;         // 启动activity的Flags
    private int timeout = ;      // 路由超时时间
    private IProvider provider;     // 如果是获取provider，就有值
    private boolean greenChannel;  //是绿色通道
    private SerializationService serializationService;
    private Context context;        //context
    private String action;          //启动activity的action

    // activity转场动画相关
    private Bundle optionsCompat;
    private int enterAnim = -;
    private int exitAnim = -;

    public Postcard(String path, String group) {
        this(path, group, null, null);
    }

    public Postcard(String path, String group, Uri uri, Bundle bundle) {
        setPath(path);
        setGroup(group);
        setUri(uri);
        this.mBundle = (null == bundle ? new Bundle() : bundle);
    }
    ...
}

public class RouteMeta {
    private RouteType type;         // 路由类型；activity、service、fragment、IProvider等，编译时会根据被@Route注解的类的类型来设置
    private Element rawType;        // 路由原始类型，在编译时用来判断
    private Class<?> destination;   // 目的地：具体的 XxxActivity.class等
    private String path;            // Path
    private String group;           // Group
    private int priority = -;      // 优先级，越小优先级越高
    private int extra;              // Extra
    private Map<String, Integer> paramsType;  // 参数类型，例如activity中使用@Autowired的参数类型
    private String name; //路由名字，用于生成javadoc
    private Map<String, Autowired> injectConfig;  // 参数配置（对应paramsType）.
}

public Object navigation() {
    return navigation(null);
}
public Object navigation(Context context) {
    return navigation(context, null);
}
public Object navigation(Context context, NavigationCallback callback) {
    return ARouter.getInstance().navigation(context, this, -, callback);
}

 // @param context     Activity or null.
 // @param postcard    Route metas
 // @param requestCode RequestCode，startActivity的requestCode
 // @param callback    cb，路由回调：找到目的地、未找到、中断、到达
protected Object navigation(final Context context, final Postcard postcard, final int requestCode, final NavigationCallback callback) {
    //若有PretreatmentService的实现，就进行预处理。可以在真正路由前进行一些判断然后中断路由。
    PretreatmentService pretreatmentService = ARouter.getInstance().navigation(PretreatmentService.class);
    if (null != pretreatmentService && !pretreatmentService.onPretreatment(context, postcard)) {
        // 预处理返回false，路由取消.
        return null;
    }

    // 给路由设置context，例如启动activity需要。如果没有传就使用mContext，即初始化ARouter时传入的Application
    postcard.setContext(null == context ? mContext : context);

    try {
        // 1. 完善postcard信息（目前只有path、group，还需要知道具体目的地，例如要跳转到的activity信息）
        LogisticsCenter.completion(postcard);
    } catch (NoRouteFoundException ex) {
        //这里就是debug包中，没找到路由目的地时 经常出现的提示
        if (debuggable()) {
            runInMainThread(new Runnable() {
                public void run() {
                    Toast.makeText(mContext, "There's no route matched!\n" +" Path = [" + postcard.getPath() + "]\n" +
                            " Group = [" + postcard.getGroup() + "]", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
                }
            });
        }
        //没找到的回调
        if (null != callback) {
            callback.onLost(postcard);
        } else {
            // 没有callback的话, （如果有）就回调到降低服务 
            DegradeService degradeService = ARouter.getInstance().navigation(DegradeService.class);
            if (null != degradeService) {
                degradeService.onLost(context, postcard);
            }
        }
        return null;
    }
    //找到的回调
    if (null != callback) {
        callback.onFound(postcard);
    }
    // 2. 不是绿色通道的话，要先走拦截器
    if (!postcard.isGreenChannel()) {
        interceptorService.doInterceptions(postcard, new InterceptorCallback() {

            //拦截器处理结果：继续路由
            @Override
            public void onContinue(Postcard postcard) {
                // 3. 获取路由结果
                _navigation(postcard, requestCode, callback);
            }

             //拦截器处理结果：中断路由，回调中断
            @Override
            public void onInterrupt(Throwable exception) {
                if (null != callback) {
                    callback.onInterrupt(postcard);
                }
            }
        });
    } else {
        //绿色通道，不走拦截器，就获取路由结果
        return _navigation(postcard, requestCode, callback);
    }

    return null;
}

private Object _navigation(final Postcard postcard, final int requestCode, final NavigationCallback callback) {
    final Context currentContext = postcard.getContext();
    //根据路由类型来走对应逻辑
    switch (postcard.getType()) {
        case ACTIVITY:
            // Activity， 使用postcard.getDestination()来构建intent、传入Extras、设置 flags、action
            final Intent intent = new Intent(currentContext, postcard.getDestination());
            intent.putExtras(postcard.getExtras());
            int flags = postcard.getFlags();
            if ( != flags) {
                intent.setFlags(flags);
            }
            // 当前的context不是activity,需要添加flag:FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK
            //（启动startActivity需有任务栈的，application/service启动activity没有任务栈，所以必须要new_task_flag新建一个任务栈）
            if (!(currentContext instanceof Activity)) {
                intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
            }

            String action = postcard.getAction();
            if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(action)) {
                intent.setAction(action);
            }

            // 最后在主线程执行 熟悉的startActivity，
            runInMainThread(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    startActivity(requestCode, currentContext, intent, postcard, callback);
                }
            });
            break;
        case PROVIDER:
            //provider，指的是想要获取的服务，即IProvider的实现类。直接从postCard中获取。
            return postcard.getProvider();
        case BOARDCAST:
        case CONTENT_PROVIDER:
        case FRAGMENT:
        //Broadcast、ContentProvider、Fragment，都是使用postcard.getDestination()反射创建实例
            Class<?> fragmentMeta = postcard.getDestination();
            try {
                Object instance = fragmentMeta.getConstructor().newInstance();
                if (instance instanceof Fragment) {
                    ((Fragment) instance).setArguments(postcard.getExtras());
                } else if (instance instanceof android.support.v4.app.Fragment) {
                    ((android.support.v4.app.Fragment) instance).setArguments(postcard.getExtras());
                }
                return instance;
            } ...
    }
    return null;
}

final class ARouter {
    ...
    private static InterceptorService interceptorService;
    ...
    //ARouter的初始化方法
    public static void init(Application application) {
        if (!hasInit) {
            logger = _ARouter.logger;
            hasInit = _ARouter.init(application);
            if (hasInit) {
                _ARouter.afterInit();
            }
        }
    }
   ...
}

    //_ARouter.java
    static void afterInit() {
        interceptorService = (InterceptorService) ARouter.getInstance().build("/arouter/service/interceptor").navigation();
    }

@Route(path = "/arouter/service/interceptor")
public class InterceptorServiceImpl implements InterceptorService {
...
    @Override
    public void doInterceptions(final Postcard postcard, final InterceptorCallback callback) {
        //有拦截器
        if (MapUtils.isNotEmpty(Warehouse.interceptorsIndex)) {
            ...
            LogisticsCenter.executor.execute(new Runnable() { //放入线程池异步执行
                @Override
                public void run() { //interceptorCounter 用于保证所有拦截器都走完，并且设置了超时
                    CancelableCountDownLatch interceptorCounter = new CancelableCountDownLatch(Warehouse.interceptors.size());
                    try {//执行第一个拦截器，如果没有中断 则递归调用继续后面的拦截器
                        _execute(, interceptorCounter, postcard);
                        interceptorCounter.await(postcard.getTimeout(), TimeUnit.SECONDS);
                        if (interceptorCounter.getCount() > ) {    // count>0说明超时了，拦截器还没处理完.
                            callback.onInterrupt(new HandlerException("The interceptor processing timed out."));
                        } else if (null != postcard.getTag()) {    //Tag!=null说明被某个拦截器回调中断了
                            callback.onInterrupt((Throwable) postcard.getTag());
                        } else {
                            callback.onContinue(postcard); // 所有拦截器处理完、没超时、也没异常，则继续路由
                        }
                    }...
                }
            });
        } else {
            //没有拦截器则继续路由
            callback.onContinue(postcard);
        }
    }

    private static void _execute(final int index, final CancelableCountDownLatch counter, final Postcard postcard) {
        if (index < Warehouse.interceptors.size()) {
            //从Warehouse.interceptors中获取第index个拦截器，走process方法，如果回调到onContinue就继续下一个；
            IInterceptor iInterceptor = Warehouse.interceptors.get(index);
            iInterceptor.process(postcard, new InterceptorCallback() {
                @Override
                public void onContinue(Postcard postcard) {
                    counter.countDown();
                    _execute(index + , counter, postcard);  // 继续下一个
                }
                @Override
                public void onInterrupt(Throwable exception) {
                    postcard.setTag(null == exception ? new HandlerException("No message.") : exception);    // save the exception message for backup.
                    counter.cancel();
                    ...
                }
            });
        }
    }

    @Override //此init方法会在服务被创建后调用。这里就是反射创建所有的拦截器实例
    public void init(final Context context) {
        LogisticsCenter.executor.execute(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                if (MapUtils.isNotEmpty(Warehouse.interceptorsIndex)) {
                    //遍历Warehouse.interceptorsIndex ，使用存储与其中的拦截器class对象反射创建拦截器实例
                    for (Map.Entry<Integer, Class<? extends IInterceptor>> entry : Warehouse.interceptorsIndex.entrySet()) {
                        Class<? extends IInterceptor> interceptorClass = entry.getValue();
                        try {
                            IInterceptor iInterceptor = interceptorClass.getConstructor().newInstance();
                            iInterceptor.init(context);
                            //存入 Warehouse.interceptors
                            Warehouse.interceptors.add(iInterceptor);
                        }...
                    }
                    interceptorHasInit = true;
                    ...
                }
            }
        });
    }...
}

class Warehouse {
    //所有IRouteGroup实现类的class对象，是在ARouter初始化中赋值，key是path第一级
    //（IRouteGroup实现类是编译时生成，代表一个组，即path第一级相同的所有路由，包括Activity和Provider服务）
    static Map<String, Class<? extends IRouteGroup>> groupsIndex = new HashMap<>(); 
    //所有路由元信息，是在completion中赋值，key是path
    //首次进行某个路由时就会加载整个group的路由，即IRouteGroup实现类中所有路由信息。包括Activity和Provider服务
    static Map<String, RouteMeta> routes = new HashMap<>();

    //所有服务provider实例，在completion中赋值，key是IProvider实现类的class
    static Map<Class, IProvider> providers = new HashMap<>();
    //所有provider服务的元信息(实现类的class对象)，是在ARouter初始化中赋值，key是IProvider实现类的全类名。
    //主要用于使用IProvider实现类的class发起的获取服务的路由，例如ARouter.getInstance().navigation(HelloService.class)
    static Map<String, RouteMeta> providersIndex = new HashMap<>();

    //所有拦截器实现类的class对象，是在ARouter初始化时收集到，key是优先级
    static Map<Integer, Class<? extends IInterceptor>> interceptorsIndex = new UniqueKeyTreeMap<>("...");
    //所有拦截器实例，是在ARouter初始化完成后立即创建
    static List<IInterceptor> interceptors = new ArrayList<>();
...
}

final class _ARouter {
    ...
    protected static synchronized boolean init(Application application) {
        mContext = application;
        LogisticsCenter.init(mContext, executor);
        ...
        return true;
    }

//LogisticsCenter.java
//LogisticsCenter初始化，加载所有的路由元信息
public synchronized static void init(Context context, ThreadPoolExecutor tpe) throws HandlerException {...
    try {
        long startInit = System.currentTimeMillis();
        //先尝试使用AGP transform 收集 根帮助类 后 写好的注入代码（要先引入插件才行 apply plugin: 'com.alibaba.arouter'）
        loadRouterMap();
        if (registerByPlugin) {
            //registerByPlugin为true说明使用AGP加载ok了（通常都会用AGP，即registerByPlugin为true）
            logger.info(TAG, "Load router map by arouter-auto-register plugin.");
        } else {
            //若没有使用 AGP transform，就用ClassUtils.getFileNameByPackageName来搜集dex中ROUTE_ROOT_PAKCAGE包下的所有类，即编译时生成的所有帮助类
            //这样的话，就是运行时 遍历搜集 会比较耗时，也就是init会较为耗时；而AGP transform 是在编译时完成收集的。
            //当前app是新安装时才会走（收集到的帮助类会缓存到SP文件）
            Set<String> routerMap;
            if (ARouter.debuggable() || PackageUtils.isNewVersion(context)) {
                logger.info(TAG, "Run with debug mode or new install, rebuild router map.");
                // 这写帮助类是在编译时由arouter-compiler生成
                routerMap = ClassUtils.getFileNameByPackageName(mContext, ROUTE_ROOT_PAKCAGE);
                if (!routerMap.isEmpty()) {
                    context.getSharedPreferences(AROUTER_SP_CACHE_KEY, Context.MODE_PRIVATE).edit().putStringSet(AROUTER_SP_KEY_MAP, routerMap).apply();
                }
                PackageUtils.updateVersion(context);
            } else {
                //不是新安装的版本，就从SP文件中读取
                routerMap = new HashSet<>(context.getSharedPreferences(AROUTER_SP_CACHE_KEY, Context.MODE_PRIVATE).getStringSet(AROUTER_SP_KEY_MAP, new HashSet<String>()));
            }...
            //遍历帮助类，区分是哪种帮助类，然后反射创建帮助类实例后，调用其loadInto方法来填充Warehouse相应的Map
            for (String className : routerMap) {
                if (className.startsWith(ROUTE_ROOT_PAKCAGE + DOT + SDK_NAME + SEPARATOR + SUFFIX_ROOT)) {
                    //类名开头：com.alibaba.android.arouter.routes.ARouter$$Root
                    //填充Warehouse.groupsIndex，即所有IRouteGroup实现类的class对象
                    ((IRouteRoot) (Class.forName(className).getConstructor().newInstance())).loadInto(Warehouse.groupsIndex);
                } else if (className.startsWith(ROUTE_ROOT_PAKCAGE + DOT + SDK_NAME + SEPARATOR + SUFFIX_INTERCEPTORS)) {
                    //类名开头：com.alibaba.android.arouter.routes.ARouter$$Interceptors
                    //填充Warehouse.interceptorsIndex，即所有IInterceptor实现类的class对象
                    ((IInterceptorGroup) (Class.forName(className).getConstructor().newInstance())).loadInto(Warehouse.interceptorsIndex);
                } else if (className.startsWith(ROUTE_ROOT_PAKCAGE + DOT + SDK_NAME + SEPARATOR + SUFFIX_PROVIDERS)) {
                    //类名开头：com.alibaba.android.arouter.routes.ARouter$$Providers
                    //填充Warehouse.providersIndex，即所有provider的RouteMeta
                    ((IProviderGroup) (Class.forName(className).getConstructor().newInstance())).loadInto(Warehouse.providersIndex);
                }
            }
        }...
    }
}

protected <T> T navigation(Class<? extends T> service) {
    Postcard postcard = LogisticsCenter.buildProvider(service.getName());
    if (null == postcard) {
        postcard = LogisticsCenter.buildProvider(service.getSimpleName());
    }
    if (null == postcard) {
        return null;
    }
    postcard.setContext(mContext);
    LogisticsCenter.completion(postcard);
    return (T) postcard.getProvider();
    ...
}

protected Object navigation(final Context context, final Postcard postcard, final int requestCode, final NavigationCallback callback) {
    ...
}

//LogisticsCenter.java
public static Postcard buildProvider(String serviceName) {
    RouteMeta meta = Warehouse.providersIndex.get(serviceName);
    if (null == meta) {
        return null;
    } else {
        return new Postcard(meta.getPath(), meta.getGroup());
    }
}

public class LogisticsCenter {
    private static boolean registerByPlugin;

    private static void loadRouterMap() {
        registerByPlugin = false;
        //主动注册插件 会在此处插入代码。调用此方法就注册了全部的 Routers、Interceptors、Provider

    }
   ...

//LogisticsCenter.java
...
 private static void register(String className) {
        if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(className)) {
            try {
                Class<?> clazz = Class.forName(className);
                Object obj = clazz.getConstructor().newInstance();
                if (obj instanceof IRouteRoot) {
                    registerRouteRoot((IRouteRoot) obj);
                } else if (obj instanceof IProviderGroup) {
                    registerProvider((IProviderGroup) obj);
                } else if (obj instanceof IInterceptorGroup) {
                    registerInterceptor((IInterceptorGroup) obj);
                } ...
            } ...
        }
    }
    private static void registerRouteRoot(IRouteRoot routeRoot) {
        markRegisteredByPlugin();
        if (routeRoot != null) {
            routeRoot.loadInto(Warehouse.groupsIndex);
        }
    }
    private static void registerInterceptor(IInterceptorGroup interceptorGroup) {
        markRegisteredByPlugin();
        if (interceptorGroup != null) {
            interceptorGroup.loadInto(Warehouse.interceptorsIndex);
        }
    }
    private static void registerProvider(IProviderGroup providerGroup) {
        markRegisteredByPlugin();
        if (providerGroup != null) {
            providerGroup.loadInto(Warehouse.providersIndex);
        }
    }
    private static void markRegisteredByPlugin() {
        if (!registerByPlugin) {
            registerByPlugin = true; //标记通过AGP加载成功了
        }
    }

//LogisticsCenter.java
public synchronized static void completion(Postcard postcard) {
    //完善postcard信息（目前只有path、group，还需要知道具体目的地，例如要跳转到的activity信息）
    RouteMeta routeMeta = Warehouse.routes.get(postcard.getPath());
    if (null == routeMeta) {
        //没有从Warehouse.routes获取到：要么不存在、要么还没有加载本组路由
        //先看路由仓库中是否有这个组帮助类，没就异常。（仓库里的已有 组帮助类 是谁放进仓库的呢？就是 在 ARouter.init中调用 LogisticsCenter.init的时候。它里面的 loadRouterMap() 中执行代码是 transform时收集到的 APT 生成 根帮助类 的load方法。）
        if (!Warehouse.groupsIndex.containsKey(postcard.getGroup())) {
            throw new NoRouteFoundException(TAG + "There is no route match the path [" + postcard.getPath() + "], in group [" + postcard.getGroup() + "]");
        } else {
            try {
                //这里，仓库中有这个组的帮助类，那么就可以 加载 这个组的所有路由 到内存
                addRouteGroupDynamic(postcard.getGroup(), null);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                throw new HandlerException(TAG + "Fatal exception when loading group meta. [" + e.getMessage() + "]");
            }
            //仓库有了这个组的路由信息，再重新完善
            completion(postcard);
        }
    } else {
        //有路由信息，就完善postcard
        postcard.setDestination(routeMeta.getDestination());
        postcard.setType(routeMeta.getType());
        postcard.setPriority(routeMeta.getPriority());
        postcard.setExtra(routeMeta.getExtra());
        ...
        switch (routeMeta.getType()) {
            case PROVIDER:  //provider, 获取实例
                // 要实现自IProvider
                Class<? extends IProvider> providerMeta = (Class<? extends IProvider>) routeMeta.getDestination();
                IProvider instance = Warehouse.providers.get(providerMeta);
                if (null == instance) { // 没有，就反射创建
                    IProvider provider;
                    try {
                        provider = providerMeta.getConstructor().newInstance();
                        provider.init(mContext);
                        Warehouse.providers.put(providerMeta, provider); //实例存入仓库
                        instance = provider;
                    } catch (Exception e) {...
                    }
                }
                postcard.setProvider(instance); //实例通过PostCard带出去
                postcard.greenChannel();    // Provider 不用经过拦截器
                break;
            case FRAGMENT:
                postcard.greenChannel();    // Fragment 不用经过拦截器
        }
    }
}


public synchronized static void addRouteGroupDynamic(String groupName, IRouteGroup group) {
    if (Warehouse.groupsIndex.containsKey(groupName)){//这里，仓库中 有这个组的帮助类
        //拿到这个 组帮助类，实例化，调loadInfo 把 这个组所有的路由信息加载 到 仓库中的routes。
        Warehouse.groupsIndex.get(groupName).getConstructor().newInstance().loadInto(Warehouse.routes);
        Warehouse.groupsIndex.remove(groupName);
    }...
}