springboot发送邮件

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发布于 2022-11-24 19:27:49

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发布于 2022-11-24 19:27:49

相信使用过Spring的众多开发者都知道Spring提供了非常好用的 JavaMailSender接口实现邮件发送。在Spring Boot的Starter模块中也为此提供了自动化配置。下面通过实例看看如何在Spring Boot中使用 JavaMailSender 发送邮件。

快速入门

在Spring Boot的工程中的 pom.xml 中引入 spring-boot-starter-mail 依赖：

<dependency>  
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-mail</artifactId>
</dependency>

如其他自动化配置模块一样，在完成了依赖引入之后，只需要在 application.properties 中配置相应的属性内容。

下面我们以QQ邮箱为例，在 application.properties 中加入如下配置（注意替换自己的用户名和密码）：

spring.mail.host=smtp.qq.com  
spring.mail.username=用户名  //发送方的邮箱
spring.mail.password=密码  //对于qq邮箱而言 密码指的就是发送方的授权码
spring.mail.properties.mail.smtp.auth=true  
spring.mail.properties.mail.smtp.starttls.enable=true  
spring.mail.properties.mail.smtp.starttls.required=true  
注意： QQ邮箱在spring.mail.password处的值是需要在邮箱设置里面生成的授权码，这个不是真实的密码。

通过单元测试来实现一封简单邮件的发送：

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringApplicationConfiguration(classes = Application.class)
public class ApplicationTests {

    @Autowired
    private JavaMailSender mailSender;

    @Test
    public void sendSimpleMail() throws Exception {
        SimpleMailMessage message = new SimpleMailMessage();
        message.setFrom("1187625098@qq.com");
        message.setTo("1187625098@qq.com");
        message.setSubject("主题：简单邮件");
        message.setText("测试邮件内容");

        mailSender.send(message);
    }

}

到这里，一个简单的邮件发送就完成了，运行一下该单元测试，看看效果如何？

由于Spring Boot的starter模块提供了自动化配置，所以在引入了 spring-boot-starter-mail 依赖之后，会根据配置文件中的内容去创建 JavaMailSender 实例，因此我们可以直接在需要使用的地方直接 @Autowired 来引入邮件发送对象。

对于qq邮箱这样写过后会报错：

1、异常信息：

org.springframework.mail.MailSendException: Mail server connection failed; nested exception is javax.mail.MessagingException: Could not convert socket to TLS; nested exception is: javax.net.ssl.SSLHandshakeException: Received fatal alert: handshake_failure. Failed messages: javax.mail.MessagingException: Could not convert socket to TLS; nested exception is: javax.net.ssl.SSLHandshakeException: Received fatal alert: handshake_failure; message exception details (1) are: Failed message 1: javax.mail.MessagingException: Could not convert socket to TLS; nested exception is: javax.net.ssl.SSLHandshakeException: Received fatal alert: handshake_failure at com.sun.mail.smtp.SMTPTransport.startTLS(SMTPTransport.java:2046) at com.sun.mail.smtp.SMTPTransport.protocolConnect(SMTPTransport.java:711) at javax.mail.Service.connect(Service.java:366) at org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSenderImpl.connectTransport(JavaMailSenderImpl.java:501) at org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSenderImpl.doSend(JavaMailSenderImpl.java:421) at org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSenderImpl.send(JavaMailSenderImpl.java:307) at org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSenderImpl.send(JavaMailSenderImpl.java:296)

这种错误一般是因为jre的lib下C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_51\jre\lib\security，替换2个jar包，参考文档

http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jce-7-download-432124.html

2、异常信息

org.springframework.mail.MailAuthenticationException: Authentication failed; nested exception is javax.mail.AuthenticationFailedException: 535 Error: ??ê1ó?êúè¨??μ????￡?ê?é???′: http://service.mail.qq.com/cgi-bin/help?subtype=1&&id=28&&no=1001256 at org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSenderImpl.doSend(JavaMailSenderImpl.java:424) at org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSenderImpl.send(JavaMailSenderImpl.java:307) at org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSenderImpl.send(JavaMailSenderImpl.java:296) at com.vcredit.ddcash.monitor.controller.AppTest.testSendSimple(AppTest.java:36) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:497) at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:50) at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12) at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:47)

发送方必须要开启smtp，获取到的授权码，界面如下：

什么是授权码，它又是如何设置？

3、异常信息：

org.springframework.mail.MailSendException: Mail server connection failed; nested exception is javax.mail.MessagingException: STARTTLS is required but host does not support STARTTLS. Failed messages: javax.mail.MessagingException: STARTTLS is required but host does not support STARTTLS; message exception details (1) are: Failed message 1: javax.mail.MessagingException: STARTTLS is required but host does not support STARTTLS at com.sun.mail.smtp.SMTPTransport.protocolConnect(SMTPTransport.java:721) at javax.mail.Service.connect(Service.java:366) at org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSenderImpl.connectTransport(JavaMailSenderImpl.java:501) at org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSenderImpl.doSend(JavaMailSenderImpl.java:421) at org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSenderImpl.send(JavaMailSenderImpl.java:307) at org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSenderImpl.send(JavaMailSenderImpl.java:296) at com.vcredit.ddcash.monitor.controller.AppTest.testSendSimple(AppTest.java:36) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)

换成公司企业邮箱报错，通过将properties文件的内容修改就可以了，这里的用户密码就是自己的邮箱密码(这点不同于qq邮箱)

spring.mail.properties.mail.smtp.starttls.enable=false spring.mail.properties.mail.smtp.starttls.required=false

- 发送HTML格式的邮件

@Test
public void testSendHtml() {
    MimeMessage message = null;
    try {
        message = javaMailSender.createMimeMessage();
        MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(message, true);
        helper.setFrom(username);
        helper.setTo("1187625098@qq.com");
        helper.setSubject("标题：发送Html内容");

        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
        sb.append("<h1>大标题-h1</h1>")
          .append("<p style='color:#F00'>红色字</p>")
          .append("<p style='text-align:right'>右对齐</p>");
        helper.setText(sb.toString(), true);
    } catch (MessagingException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }

    javaMailSender.send(message);
}

注意：这里创建的是MimeMessageHelper，且在调用setText时需要在第二个参数传入true，这样才会使用HTML格式发送邮件

通过velocity模板发送邮件：

<dependency> 
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-velocity</artifactId>
</dependency>

@Autowired

private VelocityEngine velocityEngine;

@Test
public void sendTemplateMail() throws Exception {
MimeMessage mimeMessage = javaMailSender.createMimeMessage();
MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(mimeMessage, true);
helper.setFrom("dingfuzhao@vcredit.com");
helper.setTo("dingfuzhao@vcredit.com");
helper.setSubject("主题：模板邮件");
Map<String, Object> model = new HashedMap();
model.put("username", "zjq");
String text = VelocityEngineUtils.mergeTemplateIntoString(
velocityEngine, "template.vm", "UTF-8", model);
helper.setText(text, true);
javaMailSender.send(mimeMessage);
}

在resources下建一个templates包该包下建立一个文件template.vm，内容以html格式随便写

<html> 
<body> 
<h3>你好， ${username}, 这是一封模板邮件!</h3>
</body> 
</html>

测试结果：

不知道什么原因我的qq邮箱需要设置

spring.mail.properties.mail.smtp.starttls.enable=false
spring.mail.properties.mail.smtp.starttls.required=false

才能成功

不然会报错

org.springframework.mail.MailSendException: Mail server connection failed; nested exception is javax.mail.MessagingException: STARTTLS is required but host does not support STARTTLS. Failed messages: javax.mail.MessagingException: STARTTLS is required but host does not support STARTTLS ; message exception details (1) are: Failed message 1: javax.mail.MessagingException: STARTTLS is required but host does not support STARTTLS at com.sun.mail.smtp.SMTPTransport.protocolConnect(SMTPTransport.java:721) at javax.mail.Service.connect(Service.java:366) at org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSenderImpl.connectTransport(JavaMailSenderImpl.java:501) at org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSenderImpl.doSend(JavaMailSenderImpl.java:421) at org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSenderImpl.send(JavaMailSenderImpl.java:307) at org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSenderImpl.send(JavaMailSenderImpl.java:296) at com.didispace.ApplicationTests.sendSimpleMail(ApplicationTests.java:39) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498) at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:50) at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12) at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:47) at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:17) at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestMethodCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestMethodCallbacks.java:75) at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestMethodCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestMethodCallbacks.java:86) at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.SpringRepeat.evaluate(SpringRepeat.java:84) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:325) at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:254)

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原始发表：2022-04-01，如有侵权请联系 cloudcommunity@tencent.com 删除

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