如何在箱线图添加显著性--代码分享
大家好，我是邓飞。
R语言除了统计强，就是作图强。学好统计，再作图水平高，就是墙上加强了。
多个水平的箱线图，可以展示不同水平的分布、平均值、方差等信息，也可以把显著性甚至多重比较加上去，R语言包这方面越来越友好了，代码都封装好了，十分流畅！
本节要实现下面截个图：
「单因素二水平T检验箱线图可视化」
「单因素三水平T检验箱线图可视化」
「单因素三水平柱形图」
「单因素三水平折线图」
「二因素柱形图」
「二因素折线图」
1. 单因素二水平
这种试验，比如有两个品种，株高的差异，每个品种调查了10株，就构成了这样的试验数据。
「模拟数据：」
set.seed(123)
y1 = rnorm(10) + 5
y2 = rnorm(10) + 15
dd = data.frame(Group = rep(c("A","B"),each=10),y = c(y1,y2))
dd
str(dd)
dd$Group = as.factor(dd$Group)
「数据：」
> dd
Group y
1 A 4.439524
2 A 4.769823
3 A 6.558708
4 A 5.070508
5 A 5.129288
6 A 6.715065
7 A 5.460916
8 A 3.734939
9 A 4.313147
10 A 4.554338
11 B 16.224082
12 B 15.359814
13 B 15.400771
14 B 15.110683
15 B 14.444159
16 B 16.786913
17 B 15.497850
18 B 13.033383
19 B 15.701356
20 B 14.527209
这里，使用的是ggpubr包进行绘图：
1.1 绘制箱线图
library(ggplot2)
library(ggpubr)
ggboxplot(dd,x = "Group",y = "y")
在这里插入图片描述
1.2 箱线图添加不同颜色
ggboxplot(dd,x = "Group",y = "y",color = "Group")
1.3 箱线图添加散点图
ggboxplot(dd,x = "Group",y = "y",color = "Group",add = "jitter")
1.4 箱线图+散点图+显著性水平
这里，默认的统计方法是非参数统计Wilcoxon，如果想用t.test，见下面操作
ggboxplot(dd,x = "Group",y = "y",color = "Group",add = "jitter") +
stat_compare_means()
1.5 用t.test作为统计方法
ggboxplot(dd,x = "Group",y = "y",color = "Group",add = "jitter") +
stat_compare_means(method = "t.test")
1.6 直接输出显著性
ggboxplot(dd,x = "Group",y = "y",color = "Group",add = "jitter") +
stat_compare_means(method = "t.test",label = "p.signif")
2. 单因素三水平
二个水平可以用T检验，三个水平或者多个水平的数据，如何检验呢？
「模拟数据：」
# 构建三个水平 ANOVA
set.seed(123)
y1 = rnorm(10) + 5
y2 = rnorm(10) + 15
y3 = rnorm(10) + 15
dd = data.frame(Group = rep(c("A","B","C"),each=10),y = c(y1,y2,y3))
dd
str(dd)
dd$Group = as.factor(dd$Group)
「数据如下：」
> dd
Group y
1 A 4.439524
2 A 4.769823
3 A 6.558708
4 A 5.070508
5 A 5.129288
6 A 6.715065
7 A 5.460916
8 A 3.734939
9 A 4.313147
10 A 4.554338
11 B 16.224082
12 B 15.359814
13 B 15.400771
14 B 15.110683
15 B 14.444159
16 B 16.786913
17 B 15.497850
18 B 13.033383
19 B 15.701356
20 B 14.527209
21 C 13.932176
22 C 14.782025
23 C 13.973996
24 C 14.271109
25 C 14.374961
26 C 13.313307
27 C 15.837787
28 C 15.153373
29 C 13.861863
30 C 16.253815
2.1 箱线图+散点图
p = ggboxplot(dd,x = "Group",y = "y",color = "Group",add = "jitter")
p
2.2 箱线图+散点图+显著性
p + stat_compare_means(method = "anova")
2.3 两两之间显著性绘制
my_comparisons = list( c("A", "B"), c("A", "C"), c("B", "C") )
p + stat_compare_means(comparisons = my_comparisons,
# label = "p.signif",
method = "t.test")
2.4 显示显著性
p + stat_compare_means(comparisons = my_comparisons,
label = "p.signif",
method = "t.test")
3. 两因素数据
「模拟数据：」
# 两个因素的数据
set.seed(123)
y1 = rnorm(10) + 5
y2 = rnorm(10) + 8
y3 = rnorm(10) + 7
y4 = rnorm(10) + 15
y5 = rnorm(10) + 18
y6 = rnorm(10) + 17
dd = data.frame(Group1 = rep(c("A","B","C"),each=10),
Group2 = rep(c("X","Y"),each=30),
y = c(y1,y2,y3,y4,y5,y6))
dd
str(dd)
dd$Group1 = as.factor(dd$Group1)
dd$Group2 = as.factor(dd$Group2)
str(dd)
「数据预览：」
> dd
Group1 Group2 y
1 A X 4.439524
2 A X 4.769823
3 A X 6.558708
4 A X 5.070508
5 A X 5.129288
6 A X 6.715065
7 A X 5.460916
8 A X 3.734939
9 A X 4.313147
10 A X 4.554338
11 B X 9.224082
12 B X 8.359814
13 B X 8.400771
14 B X 8.110683
15 B X 7.444159
16 B X 9.786913
17 B X 8.497850
18 B X 6.033383
19 B X 8.701356
20 B X 7.527209
21 C X 5.932176
22 C X 6.782025
23 C X 5.973996
24 C X 6.271109
25 C X 6.374961
26 C X 5.313307
27 C X 7.837787
28 C X 7.153373
29 C X 5.861863
30 C X 8.253815
31 A Y 15.426464
32 A Y 14.704929
33 A Y 15.895126
34 A Y 15.878133
35 A Y 15.821581
36 A Y 15.688640
37 A Y 15.553918
38 A Y 14.938088
39 A Y 14.694037
40 A Y 14.619529
41 B Y 17.305293
42 B Y 17.792083
43 B Y 16.734604
44 B Y 20.168956
45 B Y 19.207962
46 B Y 16.876891
47 B Y 17.597115
48 B Y 17.533345
49 B Y 18.779965
50 B Y 17.916631
51 C Y 17.253319
52 C Y 16.971453
53 C Y 16.957130
54 C Y 18.368602
55 C Y 16.774229
56 C Y 18.516471
57 C Y 15.451247
58 C Y 17.584614
59 C Y 17.123854
60 C Y 17.215942
3.1 绘制分组箱线图
p = ggboxplot(dd,x = "Group1",y="y",color = "Group2",
add = "jitter")
p
3.2 增加P值
p + stat_compare_means(aes(group = Group2),method = "t.test")
3.3 修改为显著性结果
p + stat_compare_means(aes(group = Group2),method = "t.test",label = "p.signif")
3.4 将分组数据分开绘制
p = ggboxplot(dd,x = "Group2",y="y",color = "Group1",
add = "jitter",facet.by = "Group1")
p
3.5 分组显示统计检验
p + stat_compare_means(method = "t.test")
3.6 分组显示显著性结果
p + stat_compare_means(method = "t.test",label = "p.signif",label.y = 17)
4. 单因素直方图绘制
直方图+标准误，之前用ggplot2需要很长的代码，这里有更好的方案。
4.1 直方图+标准误
p = ggbarplot(dd,x = "Group1",y = "y",add = "mean_se",color = "Group1")
p
4.2 直方图+标准误+显著性
p + stat_compare_means(method = "anova",,label.y = 15)+
stat_compare_means(comparisons = my_comparisons)
5. 单因素折线图绘制
5.1 折线图+标准误
p = ggline(dd,x = "Group1",y = "y",add = "mean_se")
p
5.2 折线图+标准误+显著性
p + stat_compare_means(method = "anova",,label.y = 15)+
stat_compare_means(comparisons = my_comparisons)
6. 二因素直方图绘制
6.1 直方图+标准误
p = ggbarplot(dd,x = "Group1",y = "y",add = "mean_se",color = "Group2", position = position_dodge(0.8))
p
6.2 直方图+标准误+显著性
p + stat_compare_means(aes(group=Group2), label = "p.signif")
7. 二因素折线图绘制
7.1 折线图+标准误
p = ggline(dd,x = "Group1",y = "y",add = "mean_se",color = "Group2", position = position_dodge(0.8))
p
7.2 折线图+标准误+显著性
p + stat_compare_means(aes(group=Group2), label = "p.signif")
8. 代码汇总
下面代码是所有代码的汇总，里面包括生成数据，做不同类型的图。只需要将数据整理为这种格式，就可以出图了，对于初学者而言，是最简单最快捷的方法。show you the code！
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# 构建两个水平 T-test
set.seed(123)
y1 = rnorm(10) + 5
y2 = rnorm(10) + 15
dd = data.frame(Group = rep(c("A","B"),each=10),y = c(y1,y2))
dd
str(dd)
dd$Group = as.factor(dd$Group)
library(ggplot2)
library(ggpubr)
ggboxplot(dd,x = "Group",y = "y")
ggboxplot(dd,x = "Group",y = "y",color = "Group")
ggboxplot(dd,x = "Group",y = "y",color = "Group",add = "jitter")
ggboxplot(dd,x = "Group",y = "y",color = "Group",add = "jitter") +
stat_compare_means()
ggboxplot(dd,x = "Group",y = "y",color = "Group",add = "jitter") +
stat_compare_means(method = "t.test")
ggboxplot(dd,x = "Group",y = "y",color = "Group",add = "jitter") +
stat_compare_means(method = "t.test",label = "p.signif")
# 构建三个水平 ANOVA
set.seed(123)
y1 = rnorm(10) + 5
y2 = rnorm(10) + 15
y3 = rnorm(10) + 15
dd = data.frame(Group = rep(c("A","B","C"),each=10),y = c(y1,y2,y3))
dd
str(dd)
dd$Group = as.factor(dd$Group)
p = ggboxplot(dd,x = "Group",y = "y",color = "Group",add = "jitter")
p
p + stat_compare_means(method = "anova")
# Perorm pairwise comparisons
# compare_means(y ~ Group, data = dd,method = "anova")
my_comparisons = list( c("A", "B"), c("A", "C"), c("B", "C") )
p + stat_compare_means(comparisons = my_comparisons,
# label = "p.signif",
method = "t.test")
p + stat_compare_means(comparisons = my_comparisons,
label = "p.signif",
method = "t.test")
# 两个因素的数据
set.seed(123)
y1 = rnorm(10) + 5
y2 = rnorm(10) + 8
y3 = rnorm(10) + 7
y4 = rnorm(10) + 15
y5 = rnorm(10) + 18
y6 = rnorm(10) + 17
dd = data.frame(Group1 = rep(c("A","B","C"),each=10),
Group2 = rep(c("X","Y"),each=30),
y = c(y1,y2,y3,y4,y5,y6))
dd
str(dd)
dd$Group1 = as.factor(dd$Group1)
dd$Group2 = as.factor(dd$Group2)
str(dd)
## 分组查看
p = ggboxplot(dd,x = "Group1",y="y",color = "Group2",
add = "jitter")
p
p + stat_compare_means(aes(group = Group2),method = "t.test")
p + stat_compare_means(aes(group = Group2),method = "t.test",label = "p.signif")
## 分组查看
p = ggboxplot(dd,x = "Group2",y="y",color = "Group1",
add = "jitter",facet.by = "Group1")
p
p + stat_compare_means(method = "t.test")
p + stat_compare_means(method = "t.test",label = "p.signif",label.y = 17)
# 单分组
# 三水平直方图
p = ggbarplot(dd,x = "Group1",y = "y",add = "mean_se",color = "Group1")
p
p + stat_compare_means(method = "anova",,label.y = 15)+
stat_compare_means(comparisons = my_comparisons)
# 有误差的折线图
p = ggline(dd,x = "Group1",y = "y",add = "mean_se")
p
p + stat_compare_means(method = "anova",,label.y = 15)+
stat_compare_means(comparisons = my_comparisons)
# 二分组
p = ggbarplot(dd,x = "Group1",y = "y",add = "mean_se",color = "Group2", position = position_dodge(0.8))
p
p + stat_compare_means(aes(group=Group2), label = "p.signif")
# 有误差的折线图
p = ggline(dd,x = "Group1",y = "y",add = "mean_se",color = "Group2", position = position_dodge(0.8))
p
p + stat_compare_means(aes(group=Group2), label = "p.signif")
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原始发表：2022-10-14，如有侵权请联系 cloudcommunity@tencent.com 删除
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