阿里前端常考面试题

async function async1 () {
  await async2();
  console.log('async1');
  return 'async1 success'
}
async function async2 () {
  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
    console.log('async2')
    reject('error')
  })
}
async1().then(res => console.log(res))

async2
Uncaught (in promise) error

async function async1 () {
  await Promise.reject('error!!!').catch(e => console.log(e))
  console.log('async1');
  return Promise.resolve('async1 success')
}
async1().then(res => console.log(res))
console.log('script start')

script start
error!!!
async1
async1 success

const promise1 = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
  console.log('promise1')
  resolve('resolve1')
})
const promise2 = promise1.then(res => {
  console.log(res)
})
console.log('1', promise1);
console.log('2', promise2);

promise1
1 Promise{<resolved>: resolve1}
2 Promise{<pending>}
resolve1

function debounce(fn, wait) {
  var timer = null;

  return function() {
    var context = this,
      args = [...arguments];

    // 如果此时存在定时器的话，则取消之前的定时器重新记时
    if (timer) {
      clearTimeout(timer);
      timer = null;
    }

    // 设置定时器，使事件间隔指定事件后执行
    timer = setTimeout(() => {
      fn.apply(context, args);
    }, wait);
  };
}

// 时间戳版
function throttle(fn, delay) {
  var preTime = Date.now();

  return function() {
    var context = this,
      args = [...arguments],
      nowTime = Date.now();

    // 如果两次时间间隔超过了指定时间，则执行函数。
    if (nowTime - preTime >= delay) {
      preTime = Date.now();
      return fn.apply(context, args);
    }
  };
}

// 定时器版
function throttle (fun, wait){
  let timeout = null
  return function(){
    let context = this
    let args = [...arguments]
    if(!timeout){
      timeout = setTimeout(() => {
        fun.apply(context, args)
        timeout = null 
      }, wait)
    }
  }
}

class EventListener {
    listeners = {};
    on(name, fn) {
        (this.listeners[name] || (this.listeners[name] = [])).push(fn)
    }
    once(name, fn) {
        let tem = (...args) => {
            this.removeListener(name, fn)
            fn(...args)
        }
        fn.fn = tem
        this.on(name, tem)
    }
    removeListener(name, fn) {
        if (this.listeners[name]) {
            this.listeners[name] = this.listeners[name].filter(listener => (listener != fn && listener != fn.fn))
        }
    }
    removeAllListeners(name) {
        if (name && this.listeners[name]) delete this.listeners[name]
        this.listeners = {}
    }
    emit(name, ...args) {
        if (this.listeners[name]) {
            this.listeners[name].forEach(fn => fn.call(this, ...args))
        }
    }
}

function myInstanceof(left, right) {
  while (true) {
    if (left === null) {
      return false;
    }
    if (left.__proto__ === right.prototype) {
      return true;
    }
    left = left.__proto__;
  }
}

function Foo(name) {
  this.name = name;
}

Foo.prototype.myName = function () {
  return this.name;
}

// 继承属性，通过借用构造函数调用
function Bar(name, label) {
  Foo.call(this, name);
  this.label = label;
}

// 继承方法，创建备份
Bar.prototype = Object.create(Foo.prototype);

// 必须设置回正确的构造函数，要不然在会发生判断类型出错
Bar.prototype.constructor = Bar;

 // 必须在上一步之后
Bar.prototype.myLabel = function () {
  return this.label;
}

var a = new Bar("a", "obj a");

a.myName(); // "a"
a.myLabel(); // "obj a"

class Promise{
  constructor(executor) {
    this.state = 'pending';
    this.value = undefined;
    this.reason = undefined;
    let resolve = value => {
      if (this.state === 'pending') {
        this.state = 'fulfilled';
        this.value = value;
      }
    };
    let reject = reason => {
      if (this.state === 'pending') {
        this.state = 'rejected';
        this.reason = reason;
      }
    };
    try {
      // 立即执行函数
      executor(resolve, reject);
    } catch (err) {
      reject(err);
    }
  }
  then(onFulfilled, onRejected) {
    if (this.state === 'fulfilled') {
      let x = onFulfilled(this.value);
    };
    if (this.state === 'rejected') {
      let x = onRejected(this.reason);
    };
  }
}

function myPromise(constructor){ let self=this;
  self.status="pending" //定义状态改变前的初始状态 
  self.value=undefined;//定义状态为resolved的时候的状态 
  self.reason=undefined;//定义状态为rejected的时候的状态 
  function resolve(value){
    //两个==="pending"，保证了了状态的改变是不不可逆的 
    if(self.status==="pending"){
      self.value=value;
      self.status="resolved"; 
    }
  }
  function reject(reason){
     //两个==="pending"，保证了了状态的改变是不不可逆的
     if(self.status==="pending"){
        self.reason=reason;
        self.status="rejected"; 
      }
  }
  //捕获构造异常 
  try{
      constructor(resolve,reject);
  }catch(e){
    reject(e);
    } 
}
myPromise.prototype.then=function(onFullfilled,onRejected){ 
  let self=this;
  switch(self.status){
    case "resolved": onFullfilled(self.value); break;
    case "rejected": onRejected(self.reason); break;
    default: 
  }
}

// 测试
var p=new myPromise(function(resolve,reject){resolve(1)}); 
p.then(function(x){console.log(x)})
//输出1

const PENDING = "pending"; 
const FULFILLED = "fulfilled"; 
const REJECTED = "rejected";
const resolvePromise = (promise, x, resolve, reject) => {
  if (x === promise) {
    // If promise and x refer to the same object, reject promise with a TypeError as the reason.
    reject(new TypeError('循环引用'))
  }
  // if x is an object or function,
  if (x !== null && typeof x === 'object' || typeof x === 'function') {
    // If both resolvePromise and rejectPromise are called, or multiple calls to the same argument are made, the first call takes precedence, and any further calls are ignored.
    let called
    try { // If retrieving the property x.then results in a thrown exception e, reject promise with e as the reason.
      let then = x.then // Let then be x.then
      // If then is a function, call it with x as this
      if (typeof then === 'function') {
        // If/when resolvePromise is called with a value y, run [[Resolve]](promise, y)
        // If/when rejectPromise is called with a reason r, reject promise with r.
        then.call(x, y => {
          if (called) return
          called = true
          resolvePromise(promise, y, resolve, reject)
        }, r => {
          if (called) return
          called = true
          reject(r)
        })
      } else {
        // If then is not a function, fulfill promise with x.
        resolve(x)
      }
    } catch (e) {
      if (called) return
      called = true
      reject(e)
    }
  } else {
    // If x is not an object or function, fulfill promise with x
    resolve(x)
  }
}
function Promise(excutor) {
  let that = this; // 缓存当前promise实例例对象
  that.status = PENDING; // 初始状态
  that.value = undefined; // fulfilled状态时 返回的信息
  that.reason = undefined; // rejected状态时 拒绝的原因 
  that.onFulfilledCallbacks = []; // 存储fulfilled状态对应的onFulfilled函数
  that.onRejectedCallbacks = []; // 存储rejected状态对应的onRejected函数
  function resolve(value) { // value成功态时接收的终值
    if(value instanceof Promise) {
      return value.then(resolve, reject);
    }
    // 实践中要确保 onFulfilled 和 onRejected ⽅方法异步执⾏行行，且应该在 then ⽅方法被调⽤用的那⼀一轮事件循环之后的新执⾏行行栈中执⾏行行。
    setTimeout(() => {
      // 调⽤用resolve 回调对应onFulfilled函数
      if (that.status === PENDING) {
        // 只能由pending状态 => fulfilled状态 (避免调⽤用多次resolve reject)
        that.status = FULFILLED;
        that.value = value;
        that.onFulfilledCallbacks.forEach(cb => cb(that.value));
      }
    });
  }
  function reject(reason) { // reason失败态时接收的拒因
    setTimeout(() => {
      // 调⽤用reject 回调对应onRejected函数
      if (that.status === PENDING) {
        // 只能由pending状态 => rejected状态 (避免调⽤用多次resolve reject)
        that.status = REJECTED;
        that.reason = reason;
        that.onRejectedCallbacks.forEach(cb => cb(that.reason));
      }
    });
  }

  // 捕获在excutor执⾏行行器器中抛出的异常
  // new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
  //     throw new Error('error in excutor')
  // })
  try {
    excutor(resolve, reject);
  } catch (e) {
    reject(e);
  }
}
Promise.prototype.then = function(onFulfilled, onRejected) {
  const that = this;
  let newPromise;
  // 处理理参数默认值 保证参数后续能够继续执⾏行行
  onFulfilled = typeof onFulfilled === "function" ? onFulfilled : value => value;
  onRejected = typeof onRejected === "function" ? onRejected : reason => {
    throw reason;
  };
  if (that.status === FULFILLED) { // 成功态
    return newPromise = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
      setTimeout(() => {
        try{
          let x = onFulfilled(that.value);
          resolvePromise(newPromise, x, resolve, reject); //新的promise resolve 上⼀一个onFulfilled的返回值
        } catch(e) {
          reject(e); // 捕获前⾯面onFulfilled中抛出的异常then(onFulfilled, onRejected);
        }
      });
    })
  }
  if (that.status === REJECTED) { // 失败态
    return newPromise = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
      setTimeout(() => {
        try {
          let x = onRejected(that.reason);
          resolvePromise(newPromise, x, resolve, reject);
        } catch(e) {
          reject(e);
        }
      });
    });
  }
  if (that.status === PENDING) { // 等待态
// 当异步调⽤用resolve/rejected时 将onFulfilled/onRejected收集暂存到集合中
    return newPromise = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
      that.onFulfilledCallbacks.push((value) => {
        try {
          let x = onFulfilled(value);
          resolvePromise(newPromise, x, resolve, reject);
        } catch(e) {
          reject(e);
        }
      });
      that.onRejectedCallbacks.push((reason) => {
        try {
          let x = onRejected(reason);
          resolvePromise(newPromise, x, resolve, reject);
        } catch(e) {
          reject(e);
        }
      });
    });
  }
};

// (0011) 表示循环
0.1 = 2^-4 * 1.10011(0011)

parseFloat((0.1 + 0.2).toFixed(10))