100天学会python

yum -y install wget gcc zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel xz-devel libffi-devel

wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.7.6/Python-3.7.6.tar.xz
xz -d Python-3.7.6.tar.xz
tar -xvf Python-3.7.6.tar

cd Python-3.7.6
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python37 --enable-optimizations
make && make install

cd ~
vim .bash_profile

# ... 此处省略上面的代码 ...

export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/python37/bin

# ... 此处省略下面的代码 ...

source .bash_profile

python --version

python3 --version

import sys

print(sys.version_info)
print(sys.version)

print('hello, world!')

python hello.py

python3 hello.py

"""
第一个Python程序 - hello, world!
向伟大的Dennis M. Ritchie先生致敬

Version: 0.1
Author: 骆昊
"""
print('hello, world!')
# print("你好, 世界！")

pip install ipython

pip3 install ipython

import  urllib.request,os;pf='Package Control.sublime-package';ipp=sublime.installed_packages_path();urllib.request.install_opener(urllib.request.build_opener(urllib.request.ProxyHandler()));open(os.path.join(ipp,pf),'wb').write(urllib.request.urlopen('http://sublime.wbond.net/'+pf.replace(' ','%20')).read())

import  urllib2,os;pf='Package Control.sublime-package';ipp=sublime.installed_packages_path();os.makedirs(ipp)ifnotos.path.exists(ipp)elseNone;urllib2.install_opener(urllib2.build_opener(urllib2.ProxyHandler()));open(os.path.join(ipp,pf),'wb').write(urllib2.urlopen('http://sublime.wbond.net/'+pf.replace(' ','%20')).read());print('Please restart Sublime Text to finish installation')

import this

import turtle

turtle.pensize(4)
turtle.pencolor('red')

turtle.forward(100)
turtle.right(90)
turtle.forward(100)
turtle.right(90)
turtle.forward(100)
turtle.right(90)
turtle.forward(100)

turtle.mainloop()

"""
使用变量保存数据并进行加减乘除运算

Version: 0.1
Author: 骆昊
"""
a = 321
b = 12
print(a + b)    # 333
print(a - b)    # 309
print(a * b)    # 3852
print(a / b)    # 26.75

"""
使用type()检查变量的类型

Version: 0.1
Author: 骆昊
"""
a = 100
b = 12.345
c = 1 + 5j
d = 'hello, world'
e = True
print(type(a))    # <class 'int'>
print(type(b))    # <class 'float'>
print(type(c))    # <class 'complex'>
print(type(d))    # <class 'str'>
print(type(e))    # <class 'bool'>

"""
使用input()函数获取键盘输入(字符串)
使用int()函数将输入的字符串转换成整数
使用print()函数输出带占位符的字符串

Version: 0.1
Author: 骆昊
"""
a = int(input('a = '))
b = int(input('b = '))
print('%d + %d = %d' % (a, b, a + b))
print('%d - %d = %d' % (a, b, a - b))
print('%d * %d = %d' % (a, b, a * b))
print('%d / %d = %f' % (a, b, a / b))
print('%d // %d = %d' % (a, b, a // b))
print('%d %% %d = %d' % (a, b, a % b))
print('%d ** %d = %d' % (a, b, a ** b))

"""
赋值运算符和复合赋值运算符

Version: 0.1
Author: 骆昊
"""
a = 10
b = 3
a += b        # 相当于：a = a + b
a *= a + 2    # 相当于：a = a * (a + 2)
print(a)      # 算一下这里会输出什么

"""
比较运算符和逻辑运算符的使用

Version: 0.1
Author: 骆昊
"""
flag0 = 1 == 1
flag1 = 3 > 2
flag2 = 2 < 1
flag3 = flag1 and flag2
flag4 = flag1 or flag2
flag5 = not (1 != 2)
print('flag0 =', flag0)    # flag0 = True
print('flag1 =', flag1)    # flag1 = True
print('flag2 =', flag2)    # flag2 = False
print('flag3 =', flag3)    # flag3 = False
print('flag4 =', flag4)    # flag4 = True
print('flag5 =', flag5)    # flag5 = False

"""
将华氏温度转换为摄氏温度

Version: 0.1
Author: 骆昊
"""
f = float(input('请输入华氏温度: '))
c = (f - 32) / 1.8
print('%.1f华氏度 = %.1f摄氏度' % (f, c))

"""
输入半径计算圆的周长和面积

Version: 0.1
Author: 骆昊
"""
radius = float(input('请输入圆的半径: '))
perimeter = 2 * 3.1416 * radius
area = 3.1416 * radius * radius
print('周长: %.2f' % perimeter)
print('面积: %.2f' % area)

"""
输入年份 如果是闰年输出True 否则输出False

Version: 0.1
Author: 骆昊
"""
year = int(input('请输入年份: '))
# 如果代码太长写成一行不便于阅读 可以使用\对代码进行折行
is_leap = year % 4 == 0 and year % 100 != 0 or \
          year % 400 == 0
print(is_leap)

"""
用户身份验证

Version: 0.1
Author: 骆昊
"""
username = input('请输入用户名: ')
password = input('请输入口令: ')
# 用户名是admin且密码是123456则身份验证成功否则身份验证失败
if username == 'admin' and password == '123456':
    print('身份验证成功!')
else:
    print('身份验证失败!')

"""
分段函数求值

        3x - 5  (x > 1)
f(x) =  x + 2   (-1 <= x <= 1)
        5x + 3  (x < -1)

Version: 0.1
Author: 骆昊
"""

x = float(input('x = '))
if x > 1:
    y = 3 * x - 5
elif x >= -1:
    y = x + 2
else:
    y = 5 * x + 3
print('f(%.2f) = %.2f' % (x, y))

"""
分段函数求值
3x - 5(x > 1)
f(x) =x + 2(-1 <= x <= 1)
5x + 3(x < -1)

Version: 0.1
Author: 骆昊
"""

x = float(input('x = '))
if x > 1:
    y = 3 * x - 5
else:
    if x >= -1:
        y = x + 2
    else:
        y = 5 * x + 3
print('f(%.2f) = %.2f' % (x, y))

"""
英制单位英寸和公制单位厘米互换

Version: 0.1
Author: 骆昊
"""
value = float(input('请输入长度: '))
unit = input('请输入单位: ')
if unit == 'in' or unit == '英寸':
    print('%f英寸 = %f厘米' % (value, value * 2.54))
elif unit == 'cm' or unit == '厘米':
    print('%f厘米 = %f英寸' % (value, value / 2.54))
else:
    print('请输入有效的单位')

"""
百分制成绩转换为等级制成绩

Version: 0.1
Author: 骆昊
"""
score = float(input('请输入成绩: '))
if score >= 90:
    grade = 'A'
elif score >= 80:
    grade = 'B'
elif score >= 70:
    grade = 'C'
elif score >= 60:
    grade = 'D'
else:
    grade = 'E'
print('对应的等级是:', grade)

"""
判断输入的边长能否构成三角形，如果能则计算出三角形的周长和面积

Version: 0.1
Author: 骆昊
"""
a = float(input('a = '))
b = float(input('b = '))
c = float(input('c = '))
if a + b > c and a + c > b and b + c > a:
    print('周长: %f' % (a + b + c))
    p = (a + b + c) / 2
    area = (p * (p - a) * (p - b) * (p - c)) ** 0.5
    print('面积: %f' % (area))
else:
    print('不能构成三角形')

"""
用for循环实现1~100求和

Version: 0.1
Author: 骆昊
"""

sum = 0
for x in range(101):
    sum += x
print(sum)

"""
用for循环实现1~100之间的偶数求和

Version: 0.1
Author: 骆昊
"""

sum = 0
for x in range(2, 101, 2):
    sum += x
print(sum)

"""
用for循环实现1~100之间的偶数求和

Version: 0.1
Author: 骆昊
"""

sum = 0
for x in range(1, 101):
    if x % 2 == 0:
        sum += x
print(sum)

"""
猜数字游戏

Version: 0.1
Author: 骆昊
"""
import random

answer = random.randint(1, 100)
counter = 0
while True:
    counter += 1
    number = int(input('请输入: '))
    if number < answer:
        print('大一点')
    elif number > answer:
        print('小一点')
    else:
        print('恭喜你猜对了!')
        break
print('你总共猜了%d次' % counter)
if counter > 7:
    print('你的智商余额明显不足')

"""
输出乘法口诀表(九九表)

Version: 0.1
Author: 骆昊
"""

for i in range(1, 10):
    for j in range(1, i + 1):
        print('%d*%d=%d' % (i, j, i * j), end='\t')
    print()

"""
输入一个正整数判断它是不是素数

Version: 0.1
Author: 骆昊
Date: 2018-03-01
"""
from math import sqrt

num = int(input('请输入一个正整数: '))
end = int(sqrt(num))
is_prime = True
for x in range(2, end + 1):
    if num % x == 0:
        is_prime = False
        break
if is_prime and num != 1:
    print('%d是素数' % num)
else:
    print('%d不是素数' % num)

"""
输入两个正整数计算它们的最大公约数和最小公倍数

Version: 0.1
Author: 骆昊
Date: 2018-03-01
"""

x = int(input('x = '))
y = int(input('y = '))
# 如果x大于y就交换x和y的值
if x > y:
    # 通过下面的操作将y的值赋给x, 将x的值赋给y
    x, y = y, x
# 从两个数中较小的数开始做递减的循环
for factor in range(x, 0, -1):
    if x % factor == 0 and y % factor == 0:
        print('%d和%d的最大公约数是%d' % (x, y, factor))
        print('%d和%d的最小公倍数是%d' % (x, y, x * y // factor))
        break

*
**
***
****
*****

    *
   **
  ***
 ****
*****

    *
   ***
  *****
 *******
*********

"""
打印三角形图案

Version: 0.1
Author: 骆昊
"""

row = int(input('请输入行数: '))
for i in range(row):
    for _ in range(i + 1):
        print('*', end='')
    print()


for i in range(row):
    for j in range(row):
        if j < row - i - 1:
            print(' ', end='')
        else:
            print('*', end='')
    print()

for i in range(row):
    for _ in range(row - i - 1):
        print(' ', end='')
    for _ in range(2 * i + 1):
        print('*', end='')
    print()

"""
找出所有水仙花数

Version: 0.1
Author: 骆昊
"""

for num in range(100, 1000):
    low = num % 10
    mid = num // 10 % 10
    high = num // 100
    if num == low ** 3 + mid ** 3 + high ** 3:
        print(num)

"""
正整数的反转

Version: 0.1
Author: 骆昊
"""

num = int(input('num = '))
reversed_num = 0
while num > 0:
    reversed_num = reversed_num * 10 + num % 10
    num //= 10
print(reversed_num)

"""
《百钱百鸡》问题

Version: 0.1
Author: 骆昊
"""

for x in range(0, 20):
    for y in range(0, 33):
        z = 100 - x - y
        if 5 * x + 3 * y + z / 3 == 100:
            print('公鸡: %d只, 母鸡: %d只, 小鸡: %d只' % (x, y, z))

"""
Craps赌博游戏
我们设定玩家开始游戏时有1000元的赌注
游戏结束的条件是玩家输光所有的赌注

Version: 0.1
Author: 骆昊
"""
from random import randint

money = 1000
while money > 0:
    print('你的总资产为:', money)
    needs_go_on = False
    while True:
        debt = int(input('请下注: '))
        if 0 < debt <= money:
            break
    first = randint(1, 6) + randint(1, 6)
    print('玩家摇出了%d点' % first)
    if first == 7 or first == 11:
        print('玩家胜!')
        money += debt
    elif first == 2 or first == 3 or first == 12:
        print('庄家胜!')
        money -= debt
    else:
        needs_go_on = True
    while needs_go_on:
        needs_go_on = False
        current = randint(1, 6) + randint(1, 6)
        print('玩家摇出了%d点' % current)
        if current == 7:
            print('庄家胜')
            money -= debt
        elif current == first:
            print('玩家胜')
            money += debt
        else:
            needs_go_on = True
print('你破产了, 游戏结束!')

"""
输入M和N计算C(M,N)

Version: 0.1
Author: 骆昊
"""
m = int(input('m = '))
n = int(input('n = '))
fm = 1
for num in range(1, m + 1):
    fm *= num
fn = 1
for num in range(1, n + 1):
    fn *= num
fm_n = 1
for num in range(1, m - n + 1):
    fm_n *= num
print(fm // fn // fm_n)

"""
输入M和N计算C(M,N)

Version: 0.1
Author: 骆昊
"""
def fac(num):
    """求阶乘"""
    result = 1
    for n in range(1, num + 1):
        result *= n
    return result


m = int(input('m = '))
n = int(input('n = '))
# 当需要计算阶乘的时候不用再写循环求阶乘而是直接调用已经定义好的函数
print(fac(m) // fac(n) // fac(m - n))

from random import randint


def roll_dice(n=2):
    """摇色子"""
    total = 0
    for _ in range(n):
        total += randint(1, 6)
    return total


def add(a=0, b=0, c=0):
    """三个数相加"""
    return a + b + c


# 如果没有指定参数那么使用默认值摇两颗色子
print(roll_dice())
# 摇三颗色子
print(roll_dice(3))
print(add())
print(add(1))
print(add(1, 2))
print(add(1, 2, 3))
# 传递参数时可以不按照设定的顺序进行传递
print(add(c=50, a=100, b=200))

# 在参数名前面的*表示args是一个可变参数
def add(*args):
    total = 0
    for val in args:
        total += val
    return total


# 在调用add函数时可以传入0个或多个参数
print(add())
print(add(1))
print(add(1, 2))
print(add(1, 2, 3))
print(add(1, 3, 5, 7, 9))

def foo():
    print('hello, world!')


def foo():
    print('goodbye, world!')


# 下面的代码会输出什么呢？
foo()

def foo():
    print('hello, world!')

def foo():
    print('goodbye, world!')

from module1 import foo

# 输出hello, world!
foo()

from module2 import foo

# 输出goodbye, world!
foo()

import module1 as m1
import module2 as m2

m1.foo()
m2.foo()

from module1 import foo
from module2 import foo

# 输出goodbye, world!
foo()

from module2 import foo
from module1 import foo

# 输出hello, world!
foo()

def foo():
    pass


def bar():
    pass


# __name__是Python中一个隐含的变量它代表了模块的名字
# 只有被Python解释器直接执行的模块的名字才是__main__
if __name__ == '__main__':
    print('call foo()')
    foo()
    print('call bar()')
    bar()

import module3

# 导入module3时 不会执行模块中if条件成立时的代码 因为模块的名字是module3而不是__main__

def gcd(x, y):
    """求最大公约数"""
    (x, y) = (y, x) if x > y else (x, y)
    for factor in range(x, 0, -1):
        if x % factor == 0 and y % factor == 0:
            return factor


def lcm(x, y):
    """求最小公倍数"""
    return x * y // gcd(x, y)

def is_palindrome(num):
    """判断一个数是不是回文数"""
    temp = num
    total = 0
    while temp > 0:
        total = total * 10 + temp % 10
        temp //= 10
    return total == num

def is_prime(num):
    """判断一个数是不是素数"""
    for factor in range(2, int(num ** 0.5) + 1):
        if num % factor == 0:
            return False
    return True if num != 1 else False

if __name__ == '__main__':
    num = int(input('请输入正整数: '))
    if is_palindrome(num) and is_prime(num):
        print('%d是回文素数' % num)

def foo():
    b = 'hello'

    # Python中可以在函数内部再定义函数
    def bar():
        c = True
        print(a)
        print(b)
        print(c)

    bar()
    # print(c)  # NameError: name 'c' is not defined


if __name__ == '__main__':
    a = 100
    # print(b)  # NameError: name 'b' is not defined
    foo()

def foo():
    a = 200
    print(a)  # 200


if __name__ == '__main__':
    a = 100
    foo()
    print(a)  # 100

def foo():
    global a
    a = 200
    print(a)  # 200


if __name__ == '__main__':
    a = 100
    foo()
    print(a)  # 200

def main():
    # Todo: Add your code here
    pass


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

s1 = 'hello, world!'
s2 = "hello, world!"
# 以三个双引号或单引号开头的字符串可以折行
s3 = """
hello, 
world!
"""
print(s1, s2, s3, end='')

s1 = '\'hello, world!\''
s2 = '\n\\hello, world!\\\n'
print(s1, s2, end='')

s1 = '\141\142\143\x61\x62\x63'
s2 = '\u9a86\u660a'
print(s1, s2)

s1 = r'\'hello, world!\''
s2 = r'\n\\hello, world!\\\n'
print(s1, s2, end='')

s1 = 'hello ' * 3
print(s1) # hello hello hello 
s2 = 'world'
s1 += s2
print(s1) # hello hello hello world
print('ll' in s1) # True
print('good' in s1) # False
str2 = 'abc123456'
# 从字符串中取出指定位置的字符(下标运算)
print(str2[2]) # c
# 字符串切片(从指定的开始索引到指定的结束索引)
print(str2[2:5]) # c12
print(str2[2:]) # c123456
print(str2[2::2]) # c246
print(str2[::2]) # ac246
print(str2[::-1]) # 654321cba
print(str2[-3:-1]) # 45

str1 = 'hello, world!'
# 通过内置函数len计算字符串的长度
print(len(str1)) # 13
# 获得字符串首字母大写的拷贝
print(str1.capitalize()) # Hello, world!
# 获得字符串每个单词首字母大写的拷贝
print(str1.title()) # Hello, World!
# 获得字符串变大写后的拷贝
print(str1.upper()) # HELLO, WORLD!
# 从字符串中查找子串所在位置
print(str1.find('or')) # 8
print(str1.find('shit')) # -1
# 与find类似但找不到子串时会引发异常
# print(str1.index('or'))
# print(str1.index('shit'))
# 检查字符串是否以指定的字符串开头
print(str1.startswith('He')) # False
print(str1.startswith('hel')) # True
# 检查字符串是否以指定的字符串结尾
print(str1.endswith('!')) # True
# 将字符串以指定的宽度居中并在两侧填充指定的字符
print(str1.center(50, '*'))
# 将字符串以指定的宽度靠右放置左侧填充指定的字符
print(str1.rjust(50, ' '))
str2 = 'abc123456'
# 检查字符串是否由数字构成
print(str2.isdigit())  # False
# 检查字符串是否以字母构成
print(str2.isalpha())  # False
# 检查字符串是否以数字和字母构成
print(str2.isalnum())  # True
str3 = '  jackfrued@126.com '
print(str3)
# 获得字符串修剪左右两侧空格之后的拷贝
print(str3.strip())

a, b = 5, 10
print('%d * %d = %d' % (a, b, a * b))

a, b = 5, 10
print('{0} * {1} = {2}'.format(a, b, a * b))

a, b = 5, 10
print(f'{a} * {b} = {a * b}')

list1 = [1, 3, 5, 7, 100]
print(list1) # [1, 3, 5, 7, 100]
# 乘号表示列表元素的重复
list2 = ['hello'] * 3
print(list2) # ['hello', 'hello', 'hello']
# 计算列表长度(元素个数)
print(len(list1)) # 5
# 下标(索引)运算
print(list1[0]) # 1
print(list1[4]) # 100
# print(list1[5])  # IndexError: list index out of range
print(list1[-1]) # 100
print(list1[-3]) # 5
list1[2] = 300
print(list1) # [1, 3, 300, 7, 100]
# 通过循环用下标遍历列表元素
for index in range(len(list1)):
    print(list1[index])
# 通过for循环遍历列表元素
for elem in list1:
    print(elem)
# 通过enumerate函数处理列表之后再遍历可以同时获得元素索引和值
for index, elem in enumerate(list1):
    print(index, elem)

list1 = [1, 3, 5, 7, 100]
# 添加元素
list1.append(200)
list1.insert(1, 400)
# 合并两个列表
# list1.extend([1000, 2000])
list1 += [1000, 2000]
print(list1) # [1, 400, 3, 5, 7, 100, 200, 1000, 2000]
print(len(list1)) # 9
# 先通过成员运算判断元素是否在列表中，如果存在就删除该元素
if 3 in list1:
list1.remove(3)
if 1234 in list1:
    list1.remove(1234)
print(list1) # [1, 400, 5, 7, 100, 200, 1000, 2000]
# 从指定的位置删除元素
list1.pop(0)
list1.pop(len(list1) - 1)
print(list1) # [400, 5, 7, 100, 200, 1000]
# 清空列表元素
list1.clear()
print(list1) # []

fruits = ['grape', 'apple', 'strawberry', 'waxberry']
fruits += ['pitaya', 'pear', 'mango']
# 列表切片
fruits2 = fruits[1:4]
print(fruits2) # apple strawberry waxberry
# 可以通过完整切片操作来复制列表
fruits3 = fruits[:]
print(fruits3) # ['grape', 'apple', 'strawberry', 'waxberry', 'pitaya', 'pear', 'mango']
fruits4 = fruits[-3:-1]
print(fruits4) # ['pitaya', 'pear']
# 可以通过反向切片操作来获得倒转后的列表的拷贝
fruits5 = fruits[::-1]
print(fruits5) # ['mango', 'pear', 'pitaya', 'waxberry', 'strawberry', 'apple', 'grape']

list1 = ['orange', 'apple', 'zoo', 'internationalization', 'blueberry']
list2 = sorted(list1)
# sorted函数返回列表排序后的拷贝不会修改传入的列表
# 函数的设计就应该像sorted函数一样尽可能不产生副作用
list3 = sorted(list1, reverse=True)
# 通过key关键字参数指定根据字符串长度进行排序而不是默认的字母表顺序
list4 = sorted(list1, key=len)
print(list1)
print(list2)
print(list3)
print(list4)
# 给列表对象发出排序消息直接在列表对象上进行排序
list1.sort(reverse=True)
print(list1)

f = [x for x in range(1, 10)]
print(f)
f = [x + y for x in 'ABCDE' for y in '1234567']
print(f)
# 用列表的生成表达式语法创建列表容器
# 用这种语法创建列表之后元素已经准备就绪所以需要耗费较多的内存空间
f = [x ** 2 for x in range(1, 1000)]
print(sys.getsizeof(f))  # 查看对象占用内存的字节数
print(f)
# 请注意下面的代码创建的不是一个列表而是一个生成器对象
# 通过生成器可以获取到数据但它不占用额外的空间存储数据
# 每次需要数据的时候就通过内部的运算得到数据(需要花费额外的时间)
f = (x ** 2 for x in range(1, 1000))
print(sys.getsizeof(f))  # 相比生成式生成器不占用存储数据的空间
print(f)
for val in f:
    print(val)

def fib(n):
    a, b = 0, 1
    for _ in range(n):
        a, b = b, a + b
        yield a


def main():
    for val in fib(20):
        print(val)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

# 定义元组
t = ('骆昊', 38, True, '四川成都')
print(t)
# 获取元组中的元素
print(t[0])
print(t[3])
# 遍历元组中的值
for member in t:
    print(member)
# 重新给元组赋值
# t[0] = '王大锤'  # TypeError
# 变量t重新引用了新的元组原来的元组将被垃圾回收
t = ('王大锤', 20, True, '云南昆明')
print(t)
# 将元组转换成列表
person = list(t)
print(person)
# 列表是可以修改它的元素的
person[0] = '李小龙'
person[1] = 25
print(person)
# 将列表转换成元组
fruits_list = ['apple', 'banana', 'orange']
fruits_tuple = tuple(fruits_list)
print(fruits_tuple)

# 创建集合的字面量语法
set1 = {1, 2, 3, 3, 3, 2}
print(set1)
print('Length =', len(set1))
# 创建集合的构造器语法(面向对象部分会进行详细讲解)
set2 = set(range(1, 10))
set3 = set((1, 2, 3, 3, 2, 1))
print(set2, set3)
# 创建集合的推导式语法(推导式也可以用于推导集合)
set4 = {num for num in range(1, 100) if num % 3 == 0 or num % 5 == 0}
print(set4)

set1.add(4)
set1.add(5)
set2.update([11, 12])
set2.discard(5)
if 4 in set2:
    set2.remove(4)
print(set1, set2)
print(set3.pop())
print(set3)

# 集合的交集、并集、差集、对称差运算
print(set1 & set2)
# print(set1.intersection(set2))
print(set1 | set2)
# print(set1.union(set2))
print(set1 - set2)
# print(set1.difference(set2))
print(set1 ^ set2)
# print(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))
# 判断子集和超集
print(set2 <= set1)
# print(set2.issubset(set1))
print(set3 <= set1)
# print(set3.issubset(set1))
print(set1 >= set2)
# print(set1.issuperset(set2))
print(set1 >= set3)
# print(set1.issuperset(set3))

# 创建字典的字面量语法
scores = {'骆昊': 95, '白元芳': 78, '狄仁杰': 82}
print(scores)
# 创建字典的构造器语法
items1 = dict(one=1, two=2, three=3, four=4)
# 通过zip函数将两个序列压成字典
items2 = dict(zip(['a', 'b', 'c'], '123'))
# 创建字典的推导式语法
items3 = {num: num ** 2 for num in range(1, 10)}
print(items1, items2, items3)
# 通过键可以获取字典中对应的值
print(scores['骆昊'])
print(scores['狄仁杰'])
# 对字典中所有键值对进行遍历
for key in scores:
    print(f'{key}: {scores[key]}')
# 更新字典中的元素
scores['白元芳'] = 65
scores['诸葛王朗'] = 71
scores.update(冷面=67, 方启鹤=85)
print(scores)
if '武则天' in scores:
    print(scores['武则天'])
print(scores.get('武则天'))
# get方法也是通过键获取对应的值但是可以设置默认值
print(scores.get('武则天', 60))
# 删除字典中的元素
print(scores.popitem())
print(scores.popitem())
print(scores.pop('骆昊', 100))
# 清空字典
scores.clear()
print(scores)

import os
import time


def main():
    content = '北京欢迎你为你开天辟地…………'
    while True:
        # 清理屏幕上的输出
        os.system('cls')  # os.system('clear')
        print(content)
        # 休眠200毫秒
        time.sleep(0.2)
        content = content[1:] + content[0]


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

import random


def generate_code(code_len=4):
    """
    生成指定长度的验证码

    :param code_len: 验证码的长度(默认4个字符)

    :return: 由大小写英文字母和数字构成的随机验证码
    """
    all_chars = '0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'
    last_pos = len(all_chars) - 1
    code = ''
    for _ in range(code_len):
        index = random.randint(0, last_pos)
        code += all_chars[index]
    return code

def get_suffix(filename, has_dot=False):
    """
    获取文件名的后缀名

    :param filename: 文件名
    :param has_dot: 返回的后缀名是否需要带点
    :return: 文件的后缀名
    """
    pos = filename.rfind('.')
    if 0 < pos < len(filename) - 1:
        index = pos if has_dot else pos + 1
        return filename[index:]
    else:
        return ''

def max2(x):
    m1, m2 = (x[0], x[1]) if x[0] > x[1] else (x[1], x[0])
    for index in range(2, len(x)):
        if x[index] > m1:
            m2 = m1
            m1 = x[index]
        elif x[index] > m2:
            m2 = x[index]
    return m1, m2

def is_leap_year(year):
    """
    判断指定的年份是不是闰年

    :param year: 年份
    :return: 闰年返回True平年返回False
    """
    return year % 4 == 0 and year % 100 != 0 or year % 400 == 0


def which_day(year, month, date):
    """
    计算传入的日期是这一年的第几天

    :param year: 年
    :param month: 月
    :param date: 日
    :return: 第几天
    """
    days_of_month = [
        [31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31],
        [31, 29, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31]
    ][is_leap_year(year)]
    total = 0
    for index in range(month - 1):
        total += days_of_month[index]
    return total + date


def main():
    print(which_day(1980, 11, 28))
    print(which_day(1981, 12, 31))
    print(which_day(2018, 1, 1))
    print(which_day(2016, 3, 1))


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

def main():
    num = int(input('Number of rows: '))
    yh = [[]] * num
    for row in range(len(yh)):
        yh[row] = [None] * (row + 1)
        for col in range(len(yh[row])):
            if col == 0 or col == row:
                yh[row][col] = 1
            else:
                yh[row][col] = yh[row - 1][col] + yh[row - 1][col - 1]
            print(yh[row][col], end='\t')
        print()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

from random import randrange, randint, sample


def display(balls):
    """
    输出列表中的双色球号码
    """
    for index, ball in enumerate(balls):
        if index == len(balls) - 1:
            print('|', end=' ')
        print('%02d' % ball, end=' ')
    print()


def random_select():
    """
    随机选择一组号码
    """
    red_balls = [x for x in range(1, 34)]
    selected_balls = []
    selected_balls = sample(red_balls, 6)
    selected_balls.sort()
    selected_balls.append(randint(1, 16))
    return selected_balls


def main():
    n = int(input('机选几注: '))
    for _ in range(n):
        display(random_select())


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

"""
《幸运的基督徒》
有15个基督徒和15个非基督徒在海上遇险，为了能让一部分人活下来不得不将其中15个人扔到海里面去，有个人想了个办法就是大家围成一个圈，由某个人开始从1报数，报到9的人就扔到海里面，他后面的人接着从1开始报数，报到9的人继续扔到海里面，直到扔掉15个人。由于上帝的保佑，15个基督徒都幸免于难，问这些人最开始是怎么站的，哪些位置是基督徒哪些位置是非基督徒。
"""


def main():
    persons = [True] * 30
    counter, index, number = 0, 0, 0
    while counter < 15:
        if persons[index]:
            number += 1
            if number == 9:
                persons[index] = False
                counter += 1
                number = 0
        index += 1
        index %= 30
    for person in persons:
        print('基' if person else '非', end='')


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

import os


def print_board(board):
    print(board['TL'] + '|' + board['TM'] + '|' + board['TR'])
    print('-+-+-')
    print(board['ML'] + '|' + board['MM'] + '|' + board['MR'])
    print('-+-+-')
    print(board['BL'] + '|' + board['BM'] + '|' + board['BR'])


def main():
    init_board = {
        'TL': ' ', 'TM': ' ', 'TR': ' ',
        'ML': ' ', 'MM': ' ', 'MR': ' ',
        'BL': ' ', 'BM': ' ', 'BR': ' '
    }
    begin = True
    while begin:
        curr_board = init_board.copy()
        begin = False
        turn = 'x'
        counter = 0
        os.system('clear')
        print_board(curr_board)
        while counter < 9:
            move = input('轮到%s走棋, 请输入位置: ' % turn)
            if curr_board[move] == ' ':
                counter += 1
                curr_board[move] = turn
                if turn == 'x':
                    turn = 'o'
                else:
                    turn = 'x'
            os.system('clear')
            print_board(curr_board)
        choice = input('再玩一局?(yes|no)')
        begin = choice == 'yes'


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

class Student(object):

    # __init__是一个特殊方法用于在创建对象时进行初始化操作
    # 通过这个方法我们可以为学生对象绑定name和age两个属性
    def __init__(self, name, age):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age

    def study(self, course_name):
        print('%s正在学习%s.' % (self.name, course_name))

    # PEP 8要求标识符的名字用全小写多个单词用下划线连接
    # 但是部分程序员和公司更倾向于使用驼峰命名法(驼峰标识)
    def watch_movie(self):
        if self.age < 18:
            print('%s只能观看《熊出没》.' % self.name)
        else:
            print('%s正在观看岛国爱情大电影.' % self.name)

def main():
    # 创建学生对象并指定姓名和年龄
    stu1 = Student('骆昊', 38)
    # 给对象发study消息
    stu1.study('Python程序设计')
    # 给对象发watch_av消息
    stu1.watch_movie()
    stu2 = Student('王大锤', 15)
    stu2.study('思想品德')
    stu2.watch_movie()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

class Test:

    def __init__(self, foo):
        self.__foo = foo

    def __bar(self):
        print(self.__foo)
        print('__bar')


def main():
    test = Test('hello')
    # AttributeError: 'Test' object has no attribute '__bar'
    test.__bar()
    # AttributeError: 'Test' object has no attribute '__foo'
    print(test.__foo)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

class Test:

    def __init__(self, foo):
        self.__foo = foo

    def __bar(self):
        print(self.__foo)
        print('__bar')


def main():
    test = Test('hello')
    test._Test__bar()
    print(test._Test__foo)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

from time import sleep


class Clock(object):
    """数字时钟"""

    def __init__(self, hour=0, minute=0, second=0):
        """初始化方法

        :param hour: 时
        :param minute: 分
        :param second: 秒
        """
        self._hour = hour
        self._minute = minute
        self._second = second

    def run(self):
        """走字"""
        self._second += 1
        if self._second == 60:
            self._second = 0
            self._minute += 1
            if self._minute == 60:
                self._minute = 0
                self._hour += 1
                if self._hour == 24:
                    self._hour = 0

    def show(self):
        """显示时间"""
        return '%02d:%02d:%02d' % \
               (self._hour, self._minute, self._second)


def main():
    clock = Clock(23, 59, 58)
    while True:
        print(clock.show())
        sleep(1)
        clock.run()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

from math import sqrt


class Point(object):

    def __init__(self, x=0, y=0):
        """初始化方法
        
        :param x: 横坐标
        :param y: 纵坐标
        """
        self.x = x
        self.y = y

    def move_to(self, x, y):
        """移动到指定位置
        
        :param x: 新的横坐标
        "param y: 新的纵坐标
        """
        self.x = x
        self.y = y

    def move_by(self, dx, dy):
        """移动指定的增量
        
        :param dx: 横坐标的增量
        "param dy: 纵坐标的增量
        """
        self.x += dx
        self.y += dy

    def distance_to(self, other):
        """计算与另一个点的距离
        
        :param other: 另一个点
        """
        dx = self.x - other.x
        dy = self.y - other.y
        return sqrt(dx ** 2 + dy ** 2)

    def __str__(self):
        return '(%s, %s)' % (str(self.x), str(self.y))


def main():
    p1 = Point(3, 5)
    p2 = Point()
    print(p1)
    print(p2)
    p2.move_by(-1, 2)
    print(p2)
    print(p1.distance_to(p2))


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

class Person(object):

    def __init__(self, name, age):
        self._name = name
        self._age = age

    # 访问器 - getter方法
    @property
    def name(self):
        return self._name

    # 访问器 - getter方法
    @property
    def age(self):
        return self._age

    # 修改器 - setter方法
    @age.setter
    def age(self, age):
        self._age = age

    def play(self):
        if self._age <= 16:
            print('%s正在玩飞行棋.' % self._name)
        else:
            print('%s正在玩斗地主.' % self._name)


def main():
    person = Person('王大锤', 12)
    person.play()
    person.age = 22
    person.play()
    # person.name = '白元芳'  # AttributeError: can't set attribute


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

class Person(object):

    # 限定Person对象只能绑定_name, _age和_gender属性
    __slots__ = ('_name', '_age', '_gender')

    def __init__(self, name, age):
        self._name = name
        self._age = age

    @property
    def name(self):
        return self._name

    @property
    def age(self):
        return self._age

    @age.setter
    def age(self, age):
        self._age = age

    def play(self):
        if self._age <= 16:
            print('%s正在玩飞行棋.' % self._name)
        else:
            print('%s正在玩斗地主.' % self._name)


def main():
    person = Person('王大锤', 22)
    person.play()
    person._gender = '男'
    # AttributeError: 'Person' object has no attribute '_is_gay'
    # person._is_gay = True

from math import sqrt


class Triangle(object):

    def __init__(self, a, b, c):
        self._a = a
        self._b = b
        self._c = c

    @staticmethod
    def is_valid(a, b, c):
        return a + b > c and b + c > a and a + c > b

    def perimeter(self):
        return self._a + self._b + self._c

    def area(self):
        half = self.perimeter() / 2
        return sqrt(half * (half - self._a) *
                    (half - self._b) * (half - self._c))


def main():
    a, b, c = 3, 4, 5
    # 静态方法和类方法都是通过给类发消息来调用的
    if Triangle.is_valid(a, b, c):
        t = Triangle(a, b, c)
        print(t.perimeter())
        # 也可以通过给类发消息来调用对象方法但是要传入接收消息的对象作为参数
        # print(Triangle.perimeter(t))
        print(t.area())
        # print(Triangle.area(t))
    else:
        print('无法构成三角形.')


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

from time import time, localtime, sleep


class Clock(object):
    """数字时钟"""

    def __init__(self, hour=0, minute=0, second=0):
        self._hour = hour
        self._minute = minute
        self._second = second

    @classmethod
    def now(cls):
        ctime = localtime(time())
        return cls(ctime.tm_hour, ctime.tm_min, ctime.tm_sec)

    def run(self):
        """走字"""
        self._second += 1
        if self._second == 60:
            self._second = 0
            self._minute += 1
            if self._minute == 60:
                self._minute = 0
                self._hour += 1
                if self._hour == 24:
                    self._hour = 0

    def show(self):
        """显示时间"""
        return '%02d:%02d:%02d' % \
               (self._hour, self._minute, self._second)


def main():
    # 通过类方法创建对象并获取系统时间
    clock = Clock.now()
    while True:
        print(clock.show())
        sleep(1)
        clock.run()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

class Person(object):
    """人"""

    def __init__(self, name, age):
        self._name = name
        self._age = age

    @property
    def name(self):
        return self._name

    @property
    def age(self):
        return self._age

    @age.setter
    def age(self, age):
        self._age = age

    def play(self):
        print('%s正在愉快的玩耍.' % self._name)

    def watch_av(self):
        if self._age >= 18:
            print('%s正在观看爱情动作片.' % self._name)
        else:
            print('%s只能观看《熊出没》.' % self._name)


class Student(Person):
    """学生"""

    def __init__(self, name, age, grade):
        super().__init__(name, age)
        self._grade = grade

    @property
    def grade(self):
        return self._grade

    @grade.setter
    def grade(self, grade):
        self._grade = grade

    def study(self, course):
        print('%s的%s正在学习%s.' % (self._grade, self._name, course))


class Teacher(Person):
    """老师"""

    def __init__(self, name, age, title):
        super().__init__(name, age)
        self._title = title

    @property
    def title(self):
        return self._title

    @title.setter
    def title(self, title):
        self._title = title

    def teach(self, course):
        print('%s%s正在讲%s.' % (self._name, self._title, course))


def main():
    stu = Student('王大锤', 15, '初三')
    stu.study('数学')
    stu.watch_av()
    t = Teacher('骆昊', 38, '砖家')
    t.teach('Python程序设计')
    t.watch_av()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod


class Pet(object, metaclass=ABCMeta):
    """宠物"""

    def __init__(self, nickname):
        self._nickname = nickname

    @abstractmethod
    def make_voice(self):
        """发出声音"""
        pass


class Dog(Pet):
    """狗"""

    def make_voice(self):
        print('%s: 汪汪汪...' % self._nickname)


class Cat(Pet):
    """猫"""

    def make_voice(self):
        print('%s: 喵...喵...' % self._nickname)


def main():
    pets = [Dog('旺财'), Cat('凯蒂'), Dog('大黄')]
    for pet in pets:
        pet.make_voice()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod
from random import randint, randrange


class Fighter(object, metaclass=ABCMeta):
    """战斗者"""

    # 通过__slots__魔法限定对象可以绑定的成员变量
    __slots__ = ('_name', '_hp')

    def __init__(self, name, hp):
        """初始化方法

        :param name: 名字
        :param hp: 生命值
        """
        self._name = name
        self._hp = hp

    @property
    def name(self):
        return self._name

    @property
    def hp(self):
        return self._hp

    @hp.setter
    def hp(self, hp):
        self._hp = hp if hp >= 0 else 0

    @property
    def alive(self):
        return self._hp > 0

    @abstractmethod
    def attack(self, other):
        """攻击

        :param other: 被攻击的对象
        """
        pass


class Ultraman(Fighter):
    """奥特曼"""

    __slots__ = ('_name', '_hp', '_mp')

    def __init__(self, name, hp, mp):
        """初始化方法

        :param name: 名字
        :param hp: 生命值
        :param mp: 魔法值
        """
        super().__init__(name, hp)
        self._mp = mp

    def attack(self, other):
        other.hp -= randint(15, 25)

    def huge_attack(self, other):
        """究极必杀技(打掉对方至少50点或四分之三的血)

        :param other: 被攻击的对象

        :return: 使用成功返回True否则返回False
        """
        if self._mp >= 50:
            self._mp -= 50
            injury = other.hp * 3 // 4
            injury = injury if injury >= 50 else 50
            other.hp -= injury
            return True
        else:
            self.attack(other)
            return False

    def magic_attack(self, others):
        """魔法攻击

        :param others: 被攻击的群体

        :return: 使用魔法成功返回True否则返回False
        """
        if self._mp >= 20:
            self._mp -= 20
            for temp in others:
                if temp.alive:
                    temp.hp -= randint(10, 15)
            return True
        else:
            return False

    def resume(self):
        """恢复魔法值"""
        incr_point = randint(1, 10)
        self._mp += incr_point
        return incr_point

    def __str__(self):
        return '~~~%s奥特曼~~~\n' % self._name + \
            '生命值: %d\n' % self._hp + \
            '魔法值: %d\n' % self._mp


class Monster(Fighter):
    """小怪兽"""

    __slots__ = ('_name', '_hp')

    def attack(self, other):
        other.hp -= randint(10, 20)

    def __str__(self):
        return '~~~%s小怪兽~~~\n' % self._name + \
            '生命值: %d\n' % self._hp


def is_any_alive(monsters):
    """判断有没有小怪兽是活着的"""
    for monster in monsters:
        if monster.alive > 0:
            return True
    return False


def select_alive_one(monsters):
    """选中一只活着的小怪兽"""
    monsters_len = len(monsters)
    while True:
        index = randrange(monsters_len)
        monster = monsters[index]
        if monster.alive > 0:
            return monster


def display_info(ultraman, monsters):
    """显示奥特曼和小怪兽的信息"""
    print(ultraman)
    for monster in monsters:
        print(monster, end='')


def main():
    u = Ultraman('骆昊', 1000, 120)
    m1 = Monster('狄仁杰', 250)
    m2 = Monster('白元芳', 500)
    m3 = Monster('王大锤', 750)
    ms = [m1, m2, m3]
    fight_round = 1
    while u.alive and is_any_alive(ms):
        print('========第%02d回合========' % fight_round)
        m = select_alive_one(ms)  # 选中一只小怪兽
        skill = randint(1, 10)   # 通过随机数选择使用哪种技能
        if skill <= 6:  # 60%的概率使用普通攻击
            print('%s使用普通攻击打了%s.' % (u.name, m.name))
            u.attack(m)
            print('%s的魔法值恢复了%d点.' % (u.name, u.resume()))
        elif skill <= 9:  # 30%的概率使用魔法攻击(可能因魔法值不足而失败)
            if u.magic_attack(ms):
                print('%s使用了魔法攻击.' % u.name)
            else:
                print('%s使用魔法失败.' % u.name)
        else:  # 10%的概率使用究极必杀技(如果魔法值不足则使用普通攻击)
            if u.huge_attack(m):
                print('%s使用究极必杀技虐了%s.' % (u.name, m.name))
            else:
                print('%s使用普通攻击打了%s.' % (u.name, m.name))
                print('%s的魔法值恢复了%d点.' % (u.name, u.resume()))
        if m.alive > 0:  # 如果选中的小怪兽没有死就回击奥特曼
            print('%s回击了%s.' % (m.name, u.name))
            m.attack(u)
        display_info(u, ms)  # 每个回合结束后显示奥特曼和小怪兽的信息
        fight_round += 1
    print('\n========战斗结束!========\n')
    if u.alive > 0:
        print('%s奥特曼胜利!' % u.name)
    else:
        print('小怪兽胜利!')


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

import random


class Card(object):
    """一张牌"""

    def __init__(self, suite, face):
        self._suite = suite
        self._face = face

    @property
    def face(self):
        return self._face

    @property
    def suite(self):
        return self._suite

    def __str__(self):
        if self._face == 1:
            face_str = 'A'
        elif self._face == 11:
            face_str = 'J'
        elif self._face == 12:
            face_str = 'Q'
        elif self._face == 13:
            face_str = 'K'
        else:
            face_str = str(self._face)
        return '%s%s' % (self._suite, face_str)
    
    def __repr__(self):
        return self.__str__()


class Poker(object):
    """一副牌"""

    def __init__(self):
        self._cards = [Card(suite, face) 
                       for suite in '♠♥♣♦'
                       for face in range(1, 14)]
        self._current = 0

    @property
    def cards(self):
        return self._cards

    def shuffle(self):
        """洗牌(随机乱序)"""
        self._current = 0
        random.shuffle(self._cards)

    @property
    def next(self):
        """发牌"""
        card = self._cards[self._current]
        self._current += 1
        return card

    @property
    def has_next(self):
        """还有没有牌"""
        return self._current < len(self._cards)


class Player(object):
    """玩家"""

    def __init__(self, name):
        self._name = name
        self._cards_on_hand = []

    @property
    def name(self):
        return self._name

    @property
    def cards_on_hand(self):
        return self._cards_on_hand

    def get(self, card):
        """摸牌"""
        self._cards_on_hand.append(card)

    def arrange(self, card_key):
        """玩家整理手上的牌"""
        self._cards_on_hand.sort(key=card_key)


# 排序规则-先根据花色再根据点数排序
def get_key(card):
    return (card.suite, card.face)


def main():
    p = Poker()
    p.shuffle()
    players = [Player('东邪'), Player('西毒'), Player('南帝'), Player('北丐')]
    for _ in range(13):
        for player in players:
            player.get(p.next)
    for player in players:
        print(player.name + ':', end=' ')
        player.arrange(get_key)
        print(player.cards_on_hand)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

"""
某公司有三种类型的员工 分别是部门经理、程序员和销售员
需要设计一个工资结算系统 根据提供的员工信息来计算月薪
部门经理的月薪是每月固定15000元
程序员的月薪按本月工作时间计算 每小时150元
销售员的月薪是1200元的底薪加上销售额5%的提成
"""
from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod


class Employee(object, metaclass=ABCMeta):
    """员工"""

    def __init__(self, name):
        """
        初始化方法

        :param name: 姓名
        """
        self._name = name

    @property
    def name(self):
        return self._name

    @abstractmethod
    def get_salary(self):
        """
        获得月薪

        :return: 月薪
        """
        pass


class Manager(Employee):
    """部门经理"""

    def get_salary(self):
        return 15000.0


class Programmer(Employee):
    """程序员"""

    def __init__(self, name, working_hour=0):
        super().__init__(name)
        self._working_hour = working_hour

    @property
    def working_hour(self):
        return self._working_hour

    @working_hour.setter
    def working_hour(self, working_hour):
        self._working_hour = working_hour if working_hour > 0 else 0

    def get_salary(self):
        return 150.0 * self._working_hour


class Salesman(Employee):
    """销售员"""

    def __init__(self, name, sales=0):
        super().__init__(name)
        self._sales = sales

    @property
    def sales(self):
        return self._sales

    @sales.setter
    def sales(self, sales):
        self._sales = sales if sales > 0 else 0

    def get_salary(self):
        return 1200.0 + self._sales * 0.05


def main():
    emps = [
        Manager('刘备'), Programmer('诸葛亮'),
        Manager('曹操'), Salesman('荀彧'),
        Salesman('吕布'), Programmer('张辽'),
        Programmer('赵云')
    ]
    for emp in emps:
        if isinstance(emp, Programmer):
            emp.working_hour = int(input('请输入%s本月工作时间: ' % emp.name))
        elif isinstance(emp, Salesman):
            emp.sales = float(input('请输入%s本月销售额: ' % emp.name))
        # 同样是接收get_salary这个消息但是不同的员工表现出了不同的行为(多态)
        print('%s本月工资为: ￥%s元' %
              (emp.name, emp.get_salary()))


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

import tkinter
import tkinter.messagebox


def main():
    flag = True

    # 修改标签上的文字
    def change_label_text():
        nonlocal flag
        flag = not flag
        color, msg = ('red', 'Hello, world!')\
            if flag else ('blue', 'Goodbye, world!')
        label.config(text=msg, fg=color)

    # 确认退出
    def confirm_to_quit():
        if tkinter.messagebox.askokcancel('温馨提示', '确定要退出吗?'):
            top.quit()

    # 创建顶层窗口
    top = tkinter.Tk()
    # 设置窗口大小
    top.geometry('240x160')
    # 设置窗口标题
    top.title('小游戏')
    # 创建标签对象并添加到顶层窗口
    label = tkinter.Label(top, text='Hello, world!', font='Arial -32', fg='red')
    label.pack(expand=1)
    # 创建一个装按钮的容器
    panel = tkinter.Frame(top)
    # 创建按钮对象 指定添加到哪个容器中 通过command参数绑定事件回调函数
    button1 = tkinter.Button(panel, text='修改', command=change_label_text)
    button1.pack(side='left')
    button2 = tkinter.Button(panel, text='退出', command=confirm_to_quit)
    button2.pack(side='right')
    panel.pack(side='bottom')
    # 开启主事件循环
    tkinter.mainloop()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

import pygame


def main():
    # 初始化导入的pygame中的模块
    pygame.init()
    # 初始化用于显示的窗口并设置窗口尺寸
    screen = pygame.display.set_mode((800, 600))
    # 设置当前窗口的标题
    pygame.display.set_caption('大球吃小球')
    running = True
    # 开启一个事件循环处理发生的事件
    while running:
        # 从消息队列中获取事件并对事件进行处理
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                running = False


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

import pygame


def main():
    # 初始化导入的pygame中的模块
    pygame.init()
    # 初始化用于显示的窗口并设置窗口尺寸
    screen = pygame.display.set_mode((800, 600))
    # 设置当前窗口的标题
    pygame.display.set_caption('大球吃小球')
    # 设置窗口的背景色(颜色是由红绿蓝三原色构成的元组)
    screen.fill((242, 242, 242))
    # 绘制一个圆(参数分别是: 屏幕, 颜色, 圆心位置, 半径, 0表示填充圆)
    pygame.draw.circle(screen, (255, 0, 0,), (100, 100), 30, 0)
    # 刷新当前窗口(渲染窗口将绘制的图像呈现出来)
    pygame.display.flip()
    running = True
    # 开启一个事件循环处理发生的事件
    while running:
        # 从消息队列中获取事件并对事件进行处理
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                running = False


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

import pygame


def main():
    # 初始化导入的pygame中的模块
    pygame.init()
    # 初始化用于显示的窗口并设置窗口尺寸
    screen = pygame.display.set_mode((800, 600))
    # 设置当前窗口的标题
    pygame.display.set_caption('大球吃小球')
    # 设置窗口的背景色(颜色是由红绿蓝三原色构成的元组)
    screen.fill((255, 255, 255))
    # 通过指定的文件名加载图像
    ball_image = pygame.image.load('./res/ball.png')
    # 在窗口上渲染图像
    screen.blit(ball_image, (50, 50))
    # 刷新当前窗口(渲染窗口将绘制的图像呈现出来)
    pygame.display.flip()
    running = True
    # 开启一个事件循环处理发生的事件
    while running:
        # 从消息队列中获取事件并对事件进行处理
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                running = False


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

import pygame


def main():
    # 初始化导入的pygame中的模块
    pygame.init()
    # 初始化用于显示的窗口并设置窗口尺寸
    screen = pygame.display.set_mode((800, 600))
    # 设置当前窗口的标题
    pygame.display.set_caption('大球吃小球')
    # 定义变量来表示小球在屏幕上的位置
    x, y = 50, 50
    running = True
    # 开启一个事件循环处理发生的事件
    while running:
        # 从消息队列中获取事件并对事件进行处理
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                running = False
        screen.fill((255, 255, 255))
        pygame.draw.circle(screen, (255, 0, 0,), (x, y), 30, 0)
        pygame.display.flip()
        # 每隔50毫秒就改变小球的位置再刷新窗口
        pygame.time.delay(50)
        x, y = x + 5, y + 5


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

from enum import Enum, unique
from math import sqrt
from random import randint

import pygame


@unique
class Color(Enum):
    """颜色"""

    RED = (255, 0, 0)
    GREEN = (0, 255, 0)
    BLUE = (0, 0, 255)
    BLACK = (0, 0, 0)
    WHITE = (255, 255, 255)
    GRAY = (242, 242, 242)

    @staticmethod
    def random_color():
        """获得随机颜色"""
        r = randint(0, 255)
        g = randint(0, 255)
        b = randint(0, 255)
        return (r, g, b)


class Ball(object):
    """球"""

    def __init__(self, x, y, radius, sx, sy, color=Color.RED):
        """初始化方法"""
        self.x = x
        self.y = y
        self.radius = radius
        self.sx = sx
        self.sy = sy
        self.color = color
        self.alive = True

    def move(self, screen):
        """移动"""
        self.x += self.sx
        self.y += self.sy
        if self.x - self.radius <= 0 or \
                self.x + self.radius >= screen.get_width():
            self.sx = -self.sx
        if self.y - self.radius <= 0 or \
                self.y + self.radius >= screen.get_height():
            self.sy = -self.sy

    def eat(self, other):
        """吃其他球"""
        if self.alive and other.alive and self != other:
            dx, dy = self.x - other.x, self.y - other.y
            distance = sqrt(dx ** 2 + dy ** 2)
            if distance < self.radius + other.radius \
                    and self.radius > other.radius:
                other.alive = False
                self.radius = self.radius + int(other.radius * 0.146)

    def draw(self, screen):
        """在窗口上绘制球"""
        pygame.draw.circle(screen, self.color,
                           (self.x, self.y), self.radius, 0)

def main():
    # 定义用来装所有球的容器
    balls = []
    # 初始化导入的pygame中的模块
    pygame.init()
    # 初始化用于显示的窗口并设置窗口尺寸
    screen = pygame.display.set_mode((800, 600))
    # 设置当前窗口的标题
    pygame.display.set_caption('大球吃小球')
    running = True
    # 开启一个事件循环处理发生的事件
    while running:
        # 从消息队列中获取事件并对事件进行处理
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                running = False
            # 处理鼠标事件的代码
            if event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN and event.button == 1:
                # 获得点击鼠标的位置
                x, y = event.pos
                radius = randint(10, 100)
                sx, sy = randint(-10, 10), randint(-10, 10)
                color = Color.random_color()
                # 在点击鼠标的位置创建一个球(大小、速度和颜色随机)
                ball = Ball(x, y, radius, sx, sy, color)
                # 将球添加到列表容器中
                balls.append(ball)
        screen.fill((255, 255, 255))
        # 取出容器中的球 如果没被吃掉就绘制 被吃掉了就移除
        for ball in balls:
            if ball.alive:
                ball.draw(screen)
            else:
                balls.remove(ball)
        pygame.display.flip()
        # 每隔50毫秒就改变球的位置再刷新窗口
        pygame.time.delay(50)
        for ball in balls:
            ball.move(screen)
            # 检查球有没有吃到其他的球
            for other in balls:
                ball.eat(other)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

def main():
    f = open('致橡树.txt', 'r', encoding='utf-8')
    print(f.read())
    f.close()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

def main():
    f = None
    try:
        f = open('致橡树.txt', 'r', encoding='utf-8')
        print(f.read())
    except FileNotFoundError:
        print('无法打开指定的文件!')
    except LookupError:
        print('指定了未知的编码!')
    except UnicodeDecodeError:
        print('读取文件时解码错误!')
    finally:
        if f:
            f.close()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

def main():
    try:
        with open('致橡树.txt', 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
            print(f.read())
    except FileNotFoundError:
        print('无法打开指定的文件!')
    except LookupError:
        print('指定了未知的编码!')
    except UnicodeDecodeError:
        print('读取文件时解码错误!')


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

import time


def main():
    # 一次性读取整个文件内容
    with open('致橡树.txt', 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
        print(f.read())

    # 通过for-in循环逐行读取
    with open('致橡树.txt', mode='r') as f:
        for line in f:
            print(line, end='')
            time.sleep(0.5)
    print()

    # 读取文件按行读取到列表中
    with open('致橡树.txt') as f:
        lines = f.readlines()
    print(lines)
    

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

from math import sqrt


def is_prime(n):
    """判断素数的函数"""
    assert n > 0
    for factor in range(2, int(sqrt(n)) + 1):
        if n % factor == 0:
            return False
    return True if n != 1 else False


def main():
    filenames = ('a.txt', 'b.txt', 'c.txt')
    fs_list = []
    try:
        for filename in filenames:
            fs_list.append(open(filename, 'w', encoding='utf-8'))
        for number in range(1, 10000):
            if is_prime(number):
                if number < 100:
                    fs_list[0].write(str(number) + '\n')
                elif number < 1000:
                    fs_list[1].write(str(number) + '\n')
                else:
                    fs_list[2].write(str(number) + '\n')
    except IOError as ex:
        print(ex)
        print('写文件时发生错误!')
    finally:
        for fs in fs_list:
            fs.close()
    print('操作完成!')


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

def main():
    try:
        with open('guido.jpg', 'rb') as fs1:
            data = fs1.read()
            print(type(data))  # <class 'bytes'>
        with open('吉多.jpg', 'wb') as fs2:
            fs2.write(data)
    except FileNotFoundError as e:
        print('指定的文件无法打开.')
    except IOError as e:
        print('读写文件时出现错误.')
    print('程序执行结束.')


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

{
    "name": "骆昊",
    "age": 38,
    "qq": 957658,
    "friends": ["王大锤", "白元芳"],
    "cars": [
        {"brand": "BYD", "max_speed": 180},
        {"brand": "Audi", "max_speed": 280},
        {"brand": "Benz", "max_speed": 320}
    ]
}

import json


def main():
    mydict = {
        'name': '骆昊',
        'age': 38,
        'qq': 957658,
        'friends': ['王大锤', '白元芳'],
        'cars': [
            {'brand': 'BYD', 'max_speed': 180},
            {'brand': 'Audi', 'max_speed': 280},
            {'brand': 'Benz', 'max_speed': 320}
        ]
    }
    try:
        with open('data.json', 'w', encoding='utf-8') as fs:
            json.dump(mydict, fs)
    except IOError as e:
        print(e)
    print('保存数据完成!')


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

import requests
import json


def main():
    resp = requests.get('http://api.tianapi.com/guonei/?key=APIKey&num=10')
    data_model = json.loads(resp.text)
    for news in data_model['newslist']:
        print(news['title'])


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

"""
验证输入用户名和QQ号是否有效并给出对应的提示信息

要求：用户名必须由字母、数字或下划线构成且长度在6~20个字符之间，QQ号是5~12的数字且首位不能为0
"""
import re


def main():
    username = input('请输入用户名: ')
    qq = input('请输入QQ号: ')
    # match函数的第一个参数是正则表达式字符串或正则表达式对象
    # 第二个参数是要跟正则表达式做匹配的字符串对象
    m1 = re.match(r'^[0-9a-zA-Z_]{6,20}$', username)
    if not m1:
        print('请输入有效的用户名.')
    m2 = re.match(r'^[1-9]\d{4,11}$', qq)
    if not m2:
        print('请输入有效的QQ号.')
    if m1 and m2:
        print('你输入的信息是有效的!')


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

import re


def main():
    # 创建正则表达式对象 使用了前瞻和回顾来保证手机号前后不应该出现数字
    pattern = re.compile(r'(?<=\D)1[34578]\d{9}(?=\D)')
    sentence = '''
    重要的事情说8130123456789遍，我的手机号是13512346789这个靓号，
    不是15600998765，也是110或119，王大锤的手机号才是15600998765。
    '''
    # 查找所有匹配并保存到一个列表中
    mylist = re.findall(pattern, sentence)
    print(mylist)
    print('--------华丽的分隔线--------')
    # 通过迭代器取出匹配对象并获得匹配的内容
    for temp in pattern.finditer(sentence):
        print(temp.group())
    print('--------华丽的分隔线--------')
    # 通过search函数指定搜索位置找出所有匹配
    m = pattern.search(sentence)
    while m:
        print(m.group())
        m = pattern.search(sentence, m.end())


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

import re


def main():
    sentence = '你丫是傻叉吗? 我操你大爷的. Fuck you.'
    purified = re.sub('[操肏艹]|fuck|shit|傻[比屄逼叉缺吊屌]|煞笔',
                      '*', sentence, flags=re.IGNORECASE)
    print(purified)  # 你丫是*吗? 我*你大爷的. * you.


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

import re


def main():
    poem = '窗前明月光，疑是地上霜。举头望明月，低头思故乡。'
    sentence_list = re.split(r'[，。, .]', poem)
    while '' in sentence_list:
        sentence_list.remove('')
    print(sentence_list)  # ['窗前明月光', '疑是地上霜', '举头望明月', '低头思故乡']


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

from random import randint
from time import time, sleep


def download_task(filename):
    print('开始下载%s...' % filename)
    time_to_download = randint(5, 10)
    sleep(time_to_download)
    print('%s下载完成! 耗费了%d秒' % (filename, time_to_download))


def main():
    start = time()
    download_task('Python从入门到住院.pdf')
    download_task('Peking Hot.avi')
    end = time()
    print('总共耗费了%.2f秒.' % (end - start))


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

开始下载Python从入门到住院.pdf...
Python从入门到住院.pdf下载完成! 耗费了6秒
开始下载Peking Hot.avi...
Peking Hot.avi下载完成! 耗费了7秒
总共耗费了13.01秒.

from multiprocessing import Process
from os import getpid
from random import randint
from time import time, sleep


def download_task(filename):
    print('启动下载进程，进程号[%d].' % getpid())
    print('开始下载%s...' % filename)
    time_to_download = randint(5, 10)
    sleep(time_to_download)
    print('%s下载完成! 耗费了%d秒' % (filename, time_to_download))


def main():
    start = time()
    p1 = Process(target=download_task, args=('Python从入门到住院.pdf', ))
    p1.start()
    p2 = Process(target=download_task, args=('Peking Hot.avi', ))
    p2.start()
    p1.join()
    p2.join()
    end = time()
    print('总共耗费了%.2f秒.' % (end - start))


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

启动下载进程，进程号[1530].
开始下载Python从入门到住院.pdf...
启动下载进程，进程号[1531].
开始下载Peking Hot.avi...
Peking Hot.avi下载完成! 耗费了7秒
Python从入门到住院.pdf下载完成! 耗费了10秒
总共耗费了10.01秒.

from multiprocessing import Process
from time import sleep

counter = 0


def sub_task(string):
    global counter
    while counter < 10:
        print(string, end='', flush=True)
        counter += 1
        sleep(0.01)

        
def main():
    Process(target=sub_task, args=('Ping', )).start()
    Process(target=sub_task, args=('Pong', )).start()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

from random import randint
from threading import Thread
from time import time, sleep


def download(filename):
    print('开始下载%s...' % filename)
    time_to_download = randint(5, 10)
    sleep(time_to_download)
    print('%s下载完成! 耗费了%d秒' % (filename, time_to_download))


def main():
    start = time()
    t1 = Thread(target=download, args=('Python从入门到住院.pdf',))
    t1.start()
    t2 = Thread(target=download, args=('Peking Hot.avi',))
    t2.start()
    t1.join()
    t2.join()
    end = time()
    print('总共耗费了%.3f秒' % (end - start))


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

from random import randint
from threading import Thread
from time import time, sleep


class DownloadTask(Thread):

    def __init__(self, filename):
        super().__init__()
        self._filename = filename

    def run(self):
        print('开始下载%s...' % self._filename)
        time_to_download = randint(5, 10)
        sleep(time_to_download)
        print('%s下载完成! 耗费了%d秒' % (self._filename, time_to_download))


def main():
    start = time()
    t1 = DownloadTask('Python从入门到住院.pdf')
    t1.start()
    t2 = DownloadTask('Peking Hot.avi')
    t2.start()
    t1.join()
    t2.join()
    end = time()
    print('总共耗费了%.2f秒.' % (end - start))


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

from time import sleep
from threading import Thread


class Account(object):

    def __init__(self):
        self._balance = 0

    def deposit(self, money):
        # 计算存款后的余额
        new_balance = self._balance + money
        # 模拟受理存款业务需要0.01秒的时间
        sleep(0.01)
        # 修改账户余额
        self._balance = new_balance

    @property
    def balance(self):
        return self._balance


class AddMoneyThread(Thread):

    def __init__(self, account, money):
        super().__init__()
        self._account = account
        self._money = money

    def run(self):
        self._account.deposit(self._money)


def main():
    account = Account()
    threads = []
    # 创建100个存款的线程向同一个账户中存钱
    for _ in range(100):
        t = AddMoneyThread(account, 1)
        threads.append(t)
        t.start()
    # 等所有存款的线程都执行完毕
    for t in threads:
        t.join()
    print('账户余额为: ￥%d元' % account.balance)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

from time import sleep
from threading import Thread, Lock


class Account(object):

    def __init__(self):
        self._balance = 0
        self._lock = Lock()

    def deposit(self, money):
        # 先获取锁才能执行后续的代码
        self._lock.acquire()
        try:
            new_balance = self._balance + money
            sleep(0.01)
            self._balance = new_balance
        finally:
            # 在finally中执行释放锁的操作保证正常异常锁都能释放
            self._lock.release()

    @property
    def balance(self):
        return self._balance


class AddMoneyThread(Thread):

    def __init__(self, account, money):
        super().__init__()
        self._account = account
        self._money = money

    def run(self):
        self._account.deposit(self._money)


def main():
    account = Account()
    threads = []
    for _ in range(100):
        t = AddMoneyThread(account, 1)
        threads.append(t)
        t.start()
    for t in threads:
        t.join()
    print('账户余额为: ￥%d元' % account.balance)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

import time
import tkinter
import tkinter.messagebox


def download():
    # 模拟下载任务需要花费10秒钟时间
    time.sleep(10)
    tkinter.messagebox.showinfo('提示', '下载完成!')


def show_about():
    tkinter.messagebox.showinfo('关于', '作者: 骆昊(v1.0)')


def main():
    top = tkinter.Tk()
    top.title('单线程')
    top.geometry('200x150')
    top.wm_attributes('-topmost', True)

    panel = tkinter.Frame(top)
    button1 = tkinter.Button(panel, text='下载', command=download)
    button1.pack(side='left')
    button2 = tkinter.Button(panel, text='关于', command=show_about)
    button2.pack(side='right')
    panel.pack(side='bottom')

    tkinter.mainloop()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

import time
import tkinter
import tkinter.messagebox
from threading import Thread


def main():

    class DownloadTaskHandler(Thread):

        def run(self):
            time.sleep(10)
            tkinter.messagebox.showinfo('提示', '下载完成!')
            # 启用下载按钮
            button1.config(state=tkinter.NORMAL)

    def download():
        # 禁用下载按钮
        button1.config(state=tkinter.DISABLED)
        # 通过daemon参数将线程设置为守护线程(主程序退出就不再保留执行)
        # 在线程中处理耗时间的下载任务
        DownloadTaskHandler(daemon=True).start()

    def show_about():
        tkinter.messagebox.showinfo('关于', '作者: 骆昊(v1.0)')

    top = tkinter.Tk()
    top.title('单线程')
    top.geometry('200x150')
    top.wm_attributes('-topmost', 1)

    panel = tkinter.Frame(top)
    button1 = tkinter.Button(panel, text='下载', command=download)
    button1.pack(side='left')
    button2 = tkinter.Button(panel, text='关于', command=show_about)
    button2.pack(side='right')
    panel.pack(side='bottom')

    tkinter.mainloop()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

from time import time


def main():
    total = 0
    number_list = [x for x in range(1, 100000001)]
    start = time()
    for number in number_list:
        total += number
    print(total)
    end = time()
    print('Execution time: %.3fs' % (end - start))


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

from multiprocessing import Process, Queue
from random import randint
from time import time


def task_handler(curr_list, result_queue):
    total = 0
    for number in curr_list:
        total += number
    result_queue.put(total)


def main():
    processes = []
    number_list = [x for x in range(1, 100000001)]
    result_queue = Queue()
    index = 0
    # 启动8个进程将数据切片后进行运算
    for _ in range(8):
        p = Process(target=task_handler,
                    args=(number_list[index:index + 12500000], result_queue))
        index += 12500000
        processes.append(p)
        p.start()
    # 开始记录所有进程执行完成花费的时间
    start = time()
    for p in processes:
        p.join()
    # 合并执行结果
    total = 0
    while not result_queue.empty():
        total += result_queue.get()
    print(total)
    end = time()
    print('Execution time: ', (end - start), 's', sep='')


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<message>
<from>Alice</from>
<to>Bob</to>
<content>Will you marry me?</content>
</message>

{
    "from": "Alice",
    "to": "Bob",
    "content": "Will you marry me?"
}

pip install requests

from time import time
from threading import Thread

import requests


# 继承Thread类创建自定义的线程类
class DownloadHanlder(Thread):

    def __init__(self, url):
        super().__init__()
        self.url = url

    def run(self):
        filename = self.url[self.url.rfind('/') + 1:]
        resp = requests.get(self.url)
        with open('/Users/Hao/' + filename, 'wb') as f:
            f.write(resp.content)


def main():
    # 通过requests模块的get函数获取网络资源
    # 下面的代码中使用了天行数据接口提供的网络API
    # 要使用该数据接口需要在天行数据的网站上注册
    # 然后用自己的Key替换掉下面代码的中APIKey即可
    resp = requests.get(
        'http://api.tianapi.com/meinv/?key=APIKey&num=10')
    # 将服务器返回的JSON格式的数据解析为字典
    data_model = resp.json()
    for mm_dict in data_model['newslist']:
        url = mm_dict['picUrl']
        # 通过多线程的方式实现图片下载
        DownloadHanlder(url).start()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

from socket import socket, SOCK_STREAM, AF_INET
from datetime import datetime


def main():
    # 1.创建套接字对象并指定使用哪种传输服务
    # family=AF_INET - IPv4地址
    # family=AF_INET6 - IPv6地址
    # type=SOCK_STREAM - TCP套接字
    # type=SOCK_DGRAM - UDP套接字
    # type=SOCK_RAW - 原始套接字
    server = socket(family=AF_INET, type=SOCK_STREAM)
    # 2.绑定IP地址和端口(端口用于区分不同的服务)
    # 同一时间在同一个端口上只能绑定一个服务否则报错
    server.bind(('192.168.1.2', 6789))
    # 3.开启监听 - 监听客户端连接到服务器
    # 参数512可以理解为连接队列的大小
    server.listen(512)
    print('服务器启动开始监听...')
    while True:
        # 4.通过循环接收客户端的连接并作出相应的处理(提供服务)
        # accept方法是一个阻塞方法如果没有客户端连接到服务器代码不会向下执行
        # accept方法返回一个元组其中的第一个元素是客户端对象
        # 第二个元素是连接到服务器的客户端的地址(由IP和端口两部分构成)
        client, addr = server.accept()
        print(str(addr) + '连接到了服务器.')
        # 5.发送数据
        client.send(str(datetime.now()).encode('utf-8'))
        # 6.断开连接
        client.close()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

telnet 192.168.1.2 6789

from socket import socket


def main():
    # 1.创建套接字对象默认使用IPv4和TCP协议
    client = socket()
    # 2.连接到服务器(需要指定IP地址和端口)
    client.connect(('192.168.1.2', 6789))
    # 3.从服务器接收数据
    print(client.recv(1024).decode('utf-8'))
    client.close()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

from socket import socket, SOCK_STREAM, AF_INET
from base64 import b64encode
from json import dumps
from threading import Thread


def main():
    
    # 自定义线程类
    class FileTransferHandler(Thread):

        def __init__(self, cclient):
            super().__init__()
            self.cclient = cclient

        def run(self):
            my_dict = {}
            my_dict['filename'] = 'guido.jpg'
            # JSON是纯文本不能携带二进制数据
            # 所以图片的二进制数据要处理成base64编码
            my_dict['filedata'] = data
            # 通过dumps函数将字典处理成JSON字符串
            json_str = dumps(my_dict)
            # 发送JSON字符串
            self.cclient.send(json_str.encode('utf-8'))
            self.cclient.close()

    # 1.创建套接字对象并指定使用哪种传输服务
    server = socket()
    # 2.绑定IP地址和端口(区分不同的服务)
    server.bind(('192.168.1.2', 5566))
    # 3.开启监听 - 监听客户端连接到服务器
    server.listen(512)
    print('服务器启动开始监听...')
    with open('guido.jpg', 'rb') as f:
        # 将二进制数据处理成base64再解码成字符串
        data = b64encode(f.read()).decode('utf-8')
    while True:
        client, addr = server.accept()
        # 启动一个线程来处理客户端的请求
        FileTransferHandler(client).start()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

from socket import socket
from json import loads
from base64 import b64decode


def main():
    client = socket()
    client.connect(('192.168.1.2', 5566))
    # 定义一个保存二进制数据的对象
    in_data = bytes()
    # 由于不知道服务器发送的数据有多大每次接收1024字节
    data = client.recv(1024)
    while data:
        # 将收到的数据拼接起来
        in_data += data
        data = client.recv(1024)
    # 将收到的二进制数据解码成JSON字符串并转换成字典
    # loads函数的作用就是将JSON字符串转成字典对象
    my_dict = loads(in_data.decode('utf-8'))
    filename = my_dict['filename']
    filedata = my_dict['filedata'].encode('utf-8')
    with open('/Users/Hao/' + filename, 'wb') as f:
        # 将base64格式的数据解码成二进制数据并写入文件
        f.write(b64decode(filedata))
    print('图片已保存.')


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

from smtplib import SMTP
from email.header import Header
from email.mime.text import MIMEText


def main():
    # 请自行修改下面的邮件发送者和接收者
    sender = 'abcdefg@126.com'
    receivers = ['uvwxyz@qq.com', 'uvwxyz@126.com']
    message = MIMEText('用Python发送邮件的示例代码.', 'plain', 'utf-8')
    message['From'] = Header('王大锤', 'utf-8')
    message['To'] = Header('骆昊', 'utf-8')
    message['Subject'] = Header('示例代码实验邮件', 'utf-8')
    smtper = SMTP('smtp.126.com')
    # 请自行修改下面的登录口令
    smtper.login(sender, 'secretpass')
    smtper.sendmail(sender, receivers, message.as_string())
    print('邮件发送完成!')


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

from smtplib import SMTP
from email.header import Header
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.image import MIMEImage
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart

import urllib


def main():
    # 创建一个带附件的邮件消息对象
    message = MIMEMultipart()
    
    # 创建文本内容
    text_content = MIMEText('附件中有本月数据请查收', 'plain', 'utf-8')
    message['Subject'] = Header('本月数据', 'utf-8')
    # 将文本内容添加到邮件消息对象中
    message.attach(text_content)

    # 读取文件并将文件作为附件添加到邮件消息对象中
    with open('/Users/Hao/Desktop/hello.txt', 'rb') as f:
        txt = MIMEText(f.read(), 'base64', 'utf-8')
        txt['Content-Type'] = 'text/plain'
        txt['Content-Disposition'] = 'attachment; filename=hello.txt'
        message.attach(txt)
    # 读取文件并将文件作为附件添加到邮件消息对象中
    with open('/Users/Hao/Desktop/汇总数据.xlsx', 'rb') as f:
        xls = MIMEText(f.read(), 'base64', 'utf-8')
        xls['Content-Type'] = 'application/vnd.ms-excel'
        xls['Content-Disposition'] = 'attachment; filename=month-data.xlsx'
        message.attach(xls)
    
    # 创建SMTP对象
    smtper = SMTP('smtp.126.com')
    # 开启安全连接
    # smtper.starttls()
    sender = 'abcdefg@126.com'
    receivers = ['uvwxyz@qq.com']
    # 登录到SMTP服务器
    # 请注意此处不是使用密码而是邮件客户端授权码进行登录
    # 对此有疑问的读者可以联系自己使用的邮件服务器客服
    smtper.login(sender, 'secretpass')
    # 发送邮件
    smtper.sendmail(sender, receivers, message.as_string())
    # 与邮件服务器断开连接
    smtper.quit()
    print('发送完成!')


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

import urllib.parse
import http.client
import json


def main():
    host  = "106.ihuyi.com"
    sms_send_uri = "/webservice/sms.php?method=Submit"
    # 下面的参数需要填入自己注册的账号和对应的密码
    params = urllib.parse.urlencode({'account': '你自己的账号', 'password' : '你自己的密码', 'content': '您的验证码是：147258。请不要把验证码泄露给其他人。', 'mobile': '接收者的手机号', 'format':'json' })
    print(params)
    headers = {'Content-type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded', 'Accept': 'text/plain'}
    conn = http.client.HTTPConnection(host, port=80, timeout=30)
    conn.request('POST', sms_send_uri, params, headers)
    response = conn.getresponse()
    response_str = response.read()
    jsonstr = response_str.decode('utf-8')
    print(json.loads(jsonstr))
    conn.close()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

pip install pillow

>>> from PIL import Image
>>>
>>> image = Image.open('./res/guido.jpg')
>>> image.format, image.size, image.mode
('JPEG', (500, 750), 'RGB')
>>> image.show()

>>> image = Image.open('./res/guido.jpg')
>>> rect = 80, 20, 310, 360
>>> image.crop(rect).show()

>>> image = Image.open('./res/guido.jpg')
>>> size = 128, 128
>>> image.thumbnail(size)
>>> image.show()

>>> image1 = Image.open('./res/luohao.png')
>>> image2 = Image.open('./res/guido.jpg')
>>> rect = 80, 20, 310, 360
>>> guido_head = image2.crop(rect)
>>> width, height = guido_head.size
>>> image1.paste(guido_head.resize((int(width / 1.5), int(height / 1.5))), (172, 40))

>>> image = Image.open('./res/guido.png')
>>> image.rotate(180).show()
>>> image.transpose(Image.FLIP_LEFT_RIGHT).show()

>>> image = Image.open('./res/guido.jpg')
>>> for x in range(80, 310):
...     for y in range(20, 360):
...         image.putpixel((x, y), (128, 128, 128))
... 
>>> image.show()

>>> from PIL import Image, ImageFilter
>>>
>>> image = Image.open('./res/guido.jpg')
>>> image.filter(ImageFilter.CONTOUR).show()

import datetime

from openpyxl import Workbook

wb = Workbook()
ws = wb.active

ws['A1'] = 42
ws.append([1, 2, 3])
ws['A2'] = datetime.datetime.now()

wb.save("sample.xlsx")

from docx import Document
from docx.shared import Inches

document = Document()

document.add_heading('Document Title', 0)

p = document.add_paragraph('A plain paragraph having some ')
p.add_run('bold').bold = True
p.add_run(' and some ')
p.add_run('italic.').italic = True

document.add_heading('Heading, level 1', level=1)
document.add_paragraph('Intense quote', style='Intense Quote')

document.add_paragraph(
    'first item in unordered list', style='List Bullet'
)
document.add_paragraph(
    'first item in ordered list', style='List Number'
)

document.add_picture('monty-truth.png', width=Inches(1.25))

records = (
    (3, '101', 'Spam'),
    (7, '422', 'Eggs'),
    (4, '631', 'Spam, spam, eggs, and spam')
)

table = document.add_table(rows=1, cols=3)
hdr_cells = table.rows[0].cells
hdr_cells[0].text = 'Qty'
hdr_cells[1].text = 'Id'
hdr_cells[2].text = 'Desc'
for qty, id, desc in records:
    row_cells = table.add_row().cells
    row_cells[0].text = str(qty)
    row_cells[1].text = id
    row_cells[2].text = desc

document.add_page_break()

document.save('demo.docx')