每日学术速递2.6
CV - 计算机视觉 | ML - 机器学习 | RL - 强化学习 | NLP 自然语言处理
Subjects: cs.AI
1.Neural Collapse Inspired Feature-Classifier Alignment for Few-Shot Class-Incremental Learning(ICLR 2023)
标题：神经崩溃启发下的特征分类器排列，用于小样本的分类增量学习
作者：Yibo Yang, Haobo Yuan, Xiangtai Li, Zhouchen Lin, Philip Torr, DaCheng Tao
文章链接：https://openreview.net/forum?id=y5W8tpojhtJ
项目代码：https://github.com/NeuralCollapseApplications/FSCIL
摘要：
小样本的类增量学习（FSCIL）一直是一个具有挑战性的问题，因为在新的环节中，每个新的类只有少数训练样本可以获得。对骨干进行微调或调整之前训练的分类器原型将不可避免地导致旧类的特征和分类器之间的错位，这就是众所周知的灾难性遗忘问题。在本文中，我们在FSCIL中处理了这种错位困境，其灵感来自于最近发现的名为神经塌陷的现象，它揭示了同一类别的最后一层特征会塌陷成一个顶点，所有类别的顶点都与分类器原型对齐，形成一个简单的等边紧缩框架（ETF）。由于Fisher Discriminant Ratio的最大化，它对应于分类的最佳几何结构。我们为FSCIL提出了一个受神经塌陷启发的框架。一组分类器原型被预先分配为整个标签空间的单叉ETF，包括基础会话和所有增量会话。在训练过程中，分类器原型是不可学习的，我们采用了一个新的损失函数，将特征驱动到其相应的原型中。理论分析表明，我们的方法保持了神经塌陷的最优性，并且不会以递增的方式破坏特征-分类器的一致性。在miniImageNet、CUB-200和CIFAR-100数据集上的实验表明，我们提出的框架优于最先进的性能。我们的代码将公开提供。
Few-shot class-incremental learning (FSCIL) has been a challenging problem as only a few training samples are accessible for each novel class in the new sessions. Finetuning the backbone or adjusting the classifier prototypes trained in the prior sessions would inevitably cause a misalignment between the feature and classifier of old classes, which explains the well-known catastrophic forgetting problem. In this paper, we deal with this misalignment dilemma in FSCIL inspired by the recently discovered phenomenon named neural collapse, which reveals that the last-layer features of the same class will collapse into a vertex, and the vertices of all classes are aligned with the classifier prototypes, which are formed as a simplex equiangular tight frame (ETF). It corresponds to an optimal geometric structure for classification due to the maximized Fisher Discriminant Ratio. We propose a neural collapse inspired framework for FSCIL. A group of classifier prototypes are pre-assigned as a simplex ETF for the whole label space, including the base session and all the incremental sessions. During training, the classifier prototypes are not learnable, and we adopt a novel loss function that drives the features into their corresponding prototypes. Theoretical analysis shows that our method holds the neural collapse optimality and does not break the feature-classifier alignment in an incremental fashion. Experiments on the miniImageNet, CUB-200, and CIFAR-100 datasets demonstrate that our proposed framework outperforms the state-of-the-art performances. Our code will be publicly available.
2.Visual Imitation Learning with Patch Rewards
标题：带补丁奖励的视觉模仿学习
作者：Minghuan Liu, Tairan He, Weinan Zhang, Shuicheng Yan, Zhongwen Xu
文章链接：https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.00965v1
项目代码：https://github.com/sail-sg/patchail
摘要：
视觉模仿学习使强化学习代理能够从专家的视觉演示中学习行为，如视频或图像序列，而没有明确的、明确的奖励。以前的研究要么采用监督学习技术，要么从像素中诱导出简单粗暴的标度奖励，忽视了图像演示中包含的密集信息。在这项工作中，我们提议测量图像样本的各个局部区域的专业性，或称为textit{patches}，并相应地恢复多维textit{patch reward}。补丁奖励是一个更精确的奖励表征，可以作为一个细粒度的专业知识测量和视觉可解释性工具。具体来说，我们提出了带有补丁奖励的对抗性模仿学习（PatchAIL），它采用了基于补丁的判别器来测量来自给定图像的不同局部的专业知识并提供补丁奖励。基于斑块的知识也被用来规范聚合的奖励并稳定训练。我们在DeepMind控制套件和Atari任务上评估了我们的方法。实验结果表明，PatchAIL优于基线方法，为视觉演示提供了有价值的解释。
Visual imitation learning enables reinforcement learning agents to learn to behave from expert visual demonstrations such as videos or image sequences, without explicit, well-defined rewards. Previous research either adopted supervised learning techniques or induce simple and coarse scalar rewards from pixels, neglecting the dense information contained in the image demonstrations. In this work, we propose to measure the expertise of various local regions of image samples, or called \textit{patches}, and recover multi-dimensional \textit{patch rewards} accordingly. Patch reward is a more precise rewarding characterization that serves as a fine-grained expertise measurement and visual explainability tool. Specifically, we present Adversarial Imitation Learning with Patch Rewards (PatchAIL), which employs a patch-based discriminator to measure the expertise of different local parts from given images and provide patch rewards. The patch-based knowledge is also used to regularize the aggregated reward and stabilize the training. We evaluate our method on DeepMind Control Suite and Atari tasks. The experiment results have demonstrated that PatchAIL outperforms baseline methods and provides valuable interpretations for visual demonstrations.
Subjects: cs.CV
1.No One Left Behind: Real-World Federated Class-Incremental Learning
标题：不落人后：现实世界中的联合班级-增量学习
作者： Dong-Guw Lee, Myung-Hwan Jeon, Younggun Cho, Ayoung Kim
文章链接：https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.00965v1
项目代码：https://github.com/jiahuadong/lga
摘要：
联合学习（FL）是一个热门的协作训练框架，通过聚合分散的本地客户端的模型参数。然而，大多数现有的模型都不合理地假定FL框架的数据类别是事先已知的。当本地客户在存储旧类别的有限内存中连续收到新类别时，这使得全局模型在旧类别上的识别性能显著下降（即灾难性遗忘）。此外，一些新的本地客户收集其他客户未曾见过的新类别，可能会被不定期地引入FL训练，这进一步加剧了对旧类别的灾难性遗忘。为了解决上述问题，我们提出了一个新的局部-全局反遗忘（LGA）模型来解决局部和全局对旧类别的灾难性遗忘，这是FL领域中探索全局类增量模型的一项开创性工作。具体来说，考虑到解决局部客户端的类不平衡以克服局部遗忘，我们开发了一个类别平衡的梯度适应性补偿损失和一个类别梯度诱导的语义蒸馏损失。它们可以平衡难以遗忘和容易遗忘的旧类别的异质性遗忘速度，同时保证不同增量任务中内在的类别关系的一致性。此外，还设计了一个代理服务器来解决不同客户之间的非IID类不平衡引起的全局遗忘问题。它在保护隐私的前提下，通过原型梯度通信从本地客户端收集新类别的扰动原型图像，并通过自监督的原型增强来选择最佳的旧全局模型，提高本地蒸馏增益。在代表性数据集上的实验验证了我们的模型相对于其他比较方法的优越性能。
Federated learning (FL) is a hot collaborative training framework via aggregating model parameters of decentralized local clients. However, most existing models unreasonably assume that data categories of FL framework are known and fxed in advance. It renders the global model to signifcantly degrade recognition performance on old categories (i.e., catastrophic forgetting), when local clients receive new categories consecutively under limited memory of storing old categories. Moreover, some new local clients that collect novel categories unseen by other clients may be introduced to the FL training irregularly, which further exacerbates the catastrophic forgetting on old categories. To tackle the above issues, we propose a novel Local-Global Anti-forgetting (LGA) model to address local and global catastrophic forgetting on old categories, which is a pioneering work to explore a global class-incremental model in the FL feld. Specifcally, considering tackling class imbalance of local client to surmount local forgetting, we develop a category-balanced gradient-adaptive compensation loss and a category gradient-induced semantic distillation loss. They can balance heterogeneous forgetting speeds of hard-to-forget and easy-to-forget old categories, while ensure intrinsic class relations consistency within different incremental tasks. Moreover, a proxy server is designed to tackle global forgetting caused by Non-IID class imbalance between different clients. It collects perturbed prototype images of new categories from local clients via prototype gradient communication under privacy preservation, and augments them via self-supervised prototype augmentation to choose the best old global model and improve local distillation gain. Experiments on representative datasets verify superior performance of our model against other comparison methods.
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