Go单测系列6—goconvey的使用

luckzack

发布于 2023-09-10 08:22:55

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发布于 2023-09-10 08:22:55

文章被收录于专栏：人人都是架构师人人都是架构师

这是Go语言单元测试从零到溜系列教程的第5篇，介绍了如何使用goconvey更好地编写单元测试，让单元测试结果更直观、形象。

在上一篇《Go单测系列5—monkey打桩测试》中，我们介绍了如何在单元测试中使用monkey对函数和方法进行打桩。

在这一篇中我们将介绍一个人性化的单元测试利器——goconvey。

《Go单测从零到溜系列》的示例代码已上传至Github，点击👉🏻https://github.com/go-quiz/golang-unit-test-demo 查看完整源代码。

GoConvey介绍

GoConvey是一个非常非常好用的Go测试框架，它直接与go test集成，提供了很多丰富的断言函数，能够在终端输出可读的彩色测试结果，并且还支持全自动的Web UI。

安装

 go get github.com/smartystreets/goconvey

使用示例

我们使用goconvey来为最开始的基础示例中的Split函数编写单元测试。Split函数如下：

// split.go

func Split(s, sep string) (result []string) {
	result = make([]string, 0, strings.Count(s, sep)+1)
	i := strings.Index(s, sep)
	for i > -1 {
		result = append(result, s[:i])
		s = s[i+len(sep):]
		i = strings.Index(s, sep)
	}
	result = append(result, s)
	return
}

单元测试文件内容如下：

// split_test.go


import (
	"testing"

	c "github.com/smartystreets/goconvey/convey"  // 别名导入
)

func TestSplit(t *testing.T) {
	c.Convey("基础用例", t, func() {
		var (
			s      = "a:b:c"
			sep    = ":"
			expect = []string{"a", "b", "c"}
		)
		got := Split(s, sep)
		c.So(got, c.ShouldResemble, expect) // 断言
	})

	c.Convey("不包含分隔符用例", t, func() {
		var (
			s      = "a:b:c"
			sep    = "|"
			expect = []string{"a:b:c"}
		)
		got := Split(s, sep)
		c.So(got, c.ShouldResemble, expect) // 断言
	})
}

命令行执行单元测试，会在终端输出可读性非常好的彩色结果。

goconvey还支持在单元测试中根据需要嵌套调用，比如：

func TestSplit(t *testing.T) {
	// ...

	// 只需要在顶层的Convey调用时传入t
	c.Convey("分隔符在开头或结尾用例", t, func() {
		tt := []struct {
			name   string
			s      string
			sep    string
			expect []string
		}{
			{"分隔符在开头", "*1*2*3", "*", []string{"", "1", "2", "3"}},
			{"分隔符在结尾", "1+2+3+", "+", []string{"1", "2", "3", ""}},
		}
		for _, tc := range tt {
			c.Convey(tc.name, func() { // 嵌套调用Convey
				got := Split(tc.s, tc.sep)
				c.So(got, c.ShouldResemble, tc.expect)
			})
		}
	})
}

这样输出最终的测试结果时也会分层级显示。

断言方法

GoConvey为我们提供了很多种类断言方法在So()函数中使用。

一般相等类

So(thing1, ShouldEqual, thing2)
So(thing1, ShouldNotEqual, thing2)
So(thing1, ShouldResemble, thing2)		// 用于数组、切片、map和结构体相等
So(thing1, ShouldNotResemble, thing2)
So(thing1, ShouldPointTo, thing2)
So(thing1, ShouldNotPointTo, thing2)
So(thing1, ShouldBeNil)
So(thing1, ShouldNotBeNil)
So(thing1, ShouldBeTrue)
So(thing1, ShouldBeFalse)
So(thing1, ShouldBeZeroValue)

数字数量比较类

So(1, ShouldBeGreaterThan, 0)
So(1, ShouldBeGreaterThanOrEqualTo, 0)
So(1, ShouldBeLessThan, 2)
So(1, ShouldBeLessThanOrEqualTo, 2)
So(1.1, ShouldBeBetween, .8, 1.2)
So(1.1, ShouldNotBeBetween, 2, 3)
So(1.1, ShouldBeBetweenOrEqual, .9, 1.1)
So(1.1, ShouldNotBeBetweenOrEqual, 1000, 2000)
So(1.0, ShouldAlmostEqual, 0.99999999, .0001)   // tolerance is optional; default 0.0000000001
So(1.0, ShouldNotAlmostEqual, 0.9, .0001)

包含类

So([]int{2, 4, 6}, ShouldContain, 4)
So([]int{2, 4, 6}, ShouldNotContain, 5)
So(4, ShouldBeIn, ...[]int{2, 4, 6})
So(4, ShouldNotBeIn, ...[]int{1, 3, 5})
So([]int{}, ShouldBeEmpty)
So([]int{1}, ShouldNotBeEmpty)
So(map[string]string{"a": "b"}, ShouldContainKey, "a")
So(map[string]string{"a": "b"}, ShouldNotContainKey, "b")
So(map[string]string{"a": "b"}, ShouldNotBeEmpty)
So(map[string]string{}, ShouldBeEmpty)
So(map[string]string{"a": "b"}, ShouldHaveLength, 1) // supports map, slice, chan, and string

字符串类

So("asdf", ShouldStartWith, "as")
So("asdf", ShouldNotStartWith, "df")
So("asdf", ShouldEndWith, "df")
So("asdf", ShouldNotEndWith, "df")
So("asdf", ShouldContainSubstring, "稍等一下")		// optional 'expected occurences' arguments?
So("asdf", ShouldNotContainSubstring, "er")
So("adsf", ShouldBeBlank)
So("asdf", ShouldNotBeBlank)

panic类

So(func(), ShouldPanic)
So(func(), ShouldNotPanic)
So(func(), ShouldPanicWith, "")		// or errors.New("something")
So(func(), ShouldNotPanicWith, "")	// or errors.New("something")

类型检查类

So(1, ShouldHaveSameTypeAs, 0)
So(1, ShouldNotHaveSameTypeAs, "asdf")

时间和时间间隔类

So(time.Now(), ShouldHappenBefore, time.Now())
So(time.Now(), ShouldHappenOnOrBefore, time.Now())
So(time.Now(), ShouldHappenAfter, time.Now())
So(time.Now(), ShouldHappenOnOrAfter, time.Now())
So(time.Now(), ShouldHappenBetween, time.Now(), time.Now())
So(time.Now(), ShouldHappenOnOrBetween, time.Now(), time.Now())
So(time.Now(), ShouldNotHappenOnOrBetween, time.Now(), time.Now())
So(time.Now(), ShouldHappenWithin, duration, time.Now())
So(time.Now(), ShouldNotHappenWithin, duration, time.Now())

自定义断言方法

如果上面列出来的断言方法都不能满足你的需要，那么你还可以按照下面的格式自定义一个断言方法。

注意：<>中的内容是你需要按照实际需求替换的内容。

func should<do-something>(actual interface{}, expected ...interface{}) string {
    if <some-important-condition-is-met(actual, expected)> {
        return ""   // 返回空字符串表示断言通过
    }
    return "<一些描述性消息详细说明断言失败的原因...>"
}