ggplot2优雅绘制时间序列热图

library(tidyverse)
library(MetBrewer)
library(ggtext)
library(cowplot)
library(janitor)

data = read_csv("data.csv") %>% clean_names()

# 筛选2016年及以后的数据，并转换日期格式
data1 = data %>%
  filter(year>=2016) %>%
  mutate(mth = match(months, month.name)) %>%
  mutate(date= zoo::as.yearmon(paste(year, mth), "%Y %m"))

lev =data1 %>% filter(date==max(date)) %>%
  select(area,value, date) %>% 
  arrange(value) %>%
  pull(area) 

data1 %>%
  ggplot(aes(x=date, y=factor(area, levels=lev), fill=value)) +
  geom_tile(height=.7) +
  # 在热图上添加文本
  geom_text(data=data1 %>% filter(date==max(date)), 
            aes(x=date+.8, label=scales::percent(value, scale=1, accuracy=.01)), 
            size=3,hjust=1)+
  # 添加注释
  annotate(geom="text", size=3,hjust=.8, x=2024, y=21.8, label="2023") + 
  # 设置颜色渐变和标签格式
  scale_fill_gradientn(colors=met.brewer("Derain"),
                       labels=scales::percent_format(scale=1))+
  # 设置X轴和Y轴
  scale_x_continuous(position="top", breaks=seq(2016,2023,1),
                     expand = expansion(mult = c(0,0.2))) +
  scale_y_discrete(expand = expansion(mult = c(0, 0))) +
  # 设置坐标轴和主题
  coord_cartesian(clip="off") +
  theme_minimal_vgrid(15) +
  theme(panel.grid.major.x=element_line(color="grey70", size=.3),
        legend.position = "top",
        axis.title=element_blank(),
        axis.ticks.y.left = element_blank(),
        legend.title=element_blank(),
        plot.margin=margin(.5,.75,.3,.5,unit="cm"),
        legend.margin=margin(l=26),
        axis.text.x.top = element_text(size=9,face="bold"),
        axis.text.y = element_text(size=10,face="bold"),
        legend.text=element_text(size=10,color="black"),
        axis.line.y = element_blank()) +
  # 设置颜色条指南
  guides(fill=guide_colorbar(barwidth = unit(18, "lines"), 
                             barheight = unit(.9, "lines")))