Java整合RabbitMQ实现生产消费（7种通讯方式）

原创

王二蛋

修改于 2024-02-06 10:55:09

1770

修改于 2024-02-06 10:55:09

文章被收录于专栏：消息中间件消息中间件

环境说明

RabbitMQ环境，参考RabbitMQ环境搭建
Java版本：JDK1.8
Maven版本：apache-maven-3.6.3
开发工具：IntelliJ IDEA

工程搭建

创建maven项目
pom.xml文件引入RabbitMQ依赖

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.rabbitmq</groupId>
            <artifactId>amqp-client</artifactId>
            <version>5.16.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.13.2</version>
            <scope>compile</scope>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>

连接RabbitMQ

import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

public class MQConnections {

    public static final String RABBITMQ_HOST = "127.0.0.1";
    public static final int RABBITMQ_PORT = 5672;
    public static final String RABBITMQ_USERNAME = "guest";
    public static final String RABBITMQ_PASSWORD = "guest";
    public static final String RABBITMQ_VIRTUAL_HOST = "/";

    /**
     * 构建RabbitMQ连接对象
     *
     * @return
     */
    public static Connection getConnection() throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        //1.创建Connection工厂
        ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
        //2.设置Rabbitmq连接信息
        factory.setHost(RABBITMQ_HOST);
        factory.setPort(RABBITMQ_PORT);
        factory.setUsername(RABBITMQ_USERNAME);
        factory.setPassword(RABBITMQ_PASSWORD);
        factory.setVirtualHost(RABBITMQ_VIRTUAL_HOST);
        //3.返回连接对象
        return factory.newConnection();
    }

}

通讯模式

1.简单通讯

即一个生产者可以向一个队列发送消息，一个消费者可以尝试从一个队列接收数据。如下图：

    public final static String HELLO_QUEUE_NAME = "hello";
    @Test
    public void publish_hello() throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        //1.获取连接对象
        Connection connection = MQConnections.getConnection();
        //2.构建Channl
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        //3.构建队列,queueDeclare("队列名称","是否持久化队列","是否只允许一个队列消费","长时间未使用是否删除"，"其他参数")
        channel.queueDeclare(HELLO_QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
        //4.发布消息
        String msg = "hello,world";
        channel.basicPublish("", HELLO_QUEUE_NAME, null, msg.getBytes());
    }
	@Test
    public void consume_hello() throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        //1.获取连接对象
        Connection connection = MQConnections.getConnection();
        //2.构建Channl
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        //3.构建队列,queueDeclare("队列名称","是否持久化队列","是否只允许一个队列消费","长时间未使用是否删除"，"其他参数")
        channel.queueDeclare(HELLO_QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
        //4.监听消息
        DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, delivery) -> {
            String message = new String(delivery.getBody(), "UTF-8");
            System.out.println("Received '" + message + "'");
        };
        channel.basicConsume(HELLO_QUEUE_NAME, true, deliverCallback, consumerTag -> {
        });
        System.in.read();
    }

2.工作队列通讯

与简单通讯一样，当消费能力不足或想要提高吞吐时可添加多个消费者进行处理业务。如下图，队列中的消息会逐条被C1和C2消费。

	public final static String WORK_QUEUE_NAME = "work";

    @Test
    public void publish_work_queue() throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        //1.获取连接对象
        Connection connection = MQConnections.getConnection();
        //2.构建Channl
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        //3.构建队列,queueDeclare("队列名称","是否持久化队列","是否只允许一个队列消费","长时间未使用是否删除"，"其他参数")
        channel.queueDeclare(WORK_QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
        //4.发布消息
        String msg = "hello,work queue";
        channel.basicPublish("", WORK_QUEUE_NAME, null, msg.getBytes());
    }
        @Test
    public void consume_work_queue1() throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        //1.获取连接对象
        Connection connection = MQConnections.getConnection();
        //2.构建Channl
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        //3.构建队列,queueDeclare("队列名称","是否持久化队列","是否只允许一个队列消费","长时间未使用是否删除"，"其他参数")
        channel.queueDeclare(WORK_QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
        //4.监听消息
        DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, delivery) -> {
            String message = new String(delivery.getBody(), "UTF-8");
            System.out.println("consume1 Received '" + message + "'");
        };
        channel.basicConsume(WORK_QUEUE_NAME, true, deliverCallback, consumerTag -> {
        });
        System.in.read();
    }

    @Test
    public void consume_work_queue2() throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        //1.获取连接对象
        Connection connection = MQConnections.getConnection();
        //2.构建Channl
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        //3.构建队列,queueDeclare("队列名称","是否持久化队列","是否只允许一个队列消费","长时间未使用是否删除"，"其他参数")
        channel.queueDeclare(WORK_QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
        //4.监听消息
        DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, delivery) -> {
            String message = new String(delivery.getBody(), "UTF-8");
            System.out.println("consume2 Received '" + message + "'");
        };
        channel.basicConsume(WORK_QUEUE_NAME, true, deliverCallback, consumerTag -> {
        });
        System.in.read();
    }

3.发布/订阅通讯

工作队列背后的假设是，每个任务只交付给一个消费者做同一件事。如果要交付给多个消费者做不同的事，需要引入交换机实现一个完整的消息传递模型，这种模式被称为“发布/订阅”。如下图，消息会发布到交换机中，交换机向绑定的队列同时发送消息，最终C1和C2会同时消费此条消息。

public final static String PUB_EXCHANGE_NAME = "pub-ex";
    public final static String PUB1_QUEUE_NAME = "pub-que1";
    public final static String PUB2_QUEUE_NAME = "pub-que2";

    @Test
    public void publish_pub_sub() throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        //1.获取连接对象
        Connection connection = MQConnections.getConnection();
        //2.构建Channl
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        //3.构建交换机
        channel.exchangeDeclare(PUB_EXCHANGE_NAME, BuiltinExchangeType.FANOUT);
        //4.构建队列,queueDeclare("队列名称","是否持久化队列","是否只允许一个队列消费","长时间未使用是否删除"，"其他参数")
        channel.queueDeclare(PUB1_QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
        channel.queueDeclare(PUB2_QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
        //5.绑定队列
        channel.queueBind(PUB1_QUEUE_NAME, PUB_EXCHANGE_NAME, "");
        channel.queueBind(PUB2_QUEUE_NAME, PUB_EXCHANGE_NAME, "");
        //6.发布消息
        String msg = "hello,pub/sub";
        channel.basicPublish(PUB_EXCHANGE_NAME, "", null, msg.getBytes());
    }
    @Test
    public void consume_pub_sub1() throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        //1.获取连接对象
        Connection connection = MQConnections.getConnection();
        //2.构建Channl
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        //3.构建队列,queueDeclare("队列名称","是否持久化队列","是否只允许一个队列消费","长时间未使用是否删除"，"其他参数")
        channel.queueDeclare(PUB1_QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
        //4.监听消息
        DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, delivery) -> {
            String message = new String(delivery.getBody(), "UTF-8");
            System.out.println("pub_sub1 Received '" + message + "'");
        };
        channel.basicConsume(PUB1_QUEUE_NAME, true, deliverCallback, consumerTag -> {
        });
        System.in.read();
    }

    @Test
    public void consume_pub_sub2() throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        //1.获取连接对象
        Connection connection = MQConnections.getConnection();
        //2.构建Channl
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        //3.构建队列,queueDeclare("队列名称","是否持久化队列","是否只允许一个队列消费","长时间未使用是否删除"，"其他参数")
        channel.queueDeclare(PUB2_QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
        //4.监听消息
        DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, delivery) -> {
            String message = new String(delivery.getBody(), "UTF-8");
            System.out.println("pub_sub2 Received '" + message + "'");
        };
        channel.basicConsume(PUB2_QUEUE_NAME, true, deliverCallback, consumerTag -> {
        });
        System.in.read();
    }

4.路由通讯

发布/订阅模式是交换机将一条消息同时路由给多个队列，“路由”模式可以将消息通过交换机指定到某个队列中从而被消费。如下图，交换机将所有类型的日志路由到一个队列中，将error类型的日志路由到另一个队列中。

    public final static String ROUT_EXCHANGE_NAME = "rout-ex";
    public final static String ROUTALL_QUEUE_NAME = "rout-queall";
    public final static String ROUTONE_QUEUE_NAME = "rout-queone";

    @Test
    public void publish_routing() throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        //1.获取连接对象
        Connection connection = MQConnections.getConnection();
        //2.构建Channl
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        //3.构建交换机
        channel.exchangeDeclare(ROUT_EXCHANGE_NAME, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT);
        //4.构建队列,queueDeclare("队列名称","是否持久化队列","是否只允许一个队列消费","长时间未使用是否删除"，"其他参数")
        channel.queueDeclare(ROUTALL_QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
        channel.queueDeclare(ROUTONE_QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
        //5.绑定队列
        channel.queueBind(ROUTALL_QUEUE_NAME, ROUT_EXCHANGE_NAME, "all");
        channel.queueBind(ROUTONE_QUEUE_NAME, ROUT_EXCHANGE_NAME, "one");
        //6.发布消息
        String msg1 = "hello,1-all";
        String msg2 = "hello,2-all";
        String msg3 = "hello,1-one";
        channel.basicPublish(ROUT_EXCHANGE_NAME, "all", null, msg1.getBytes());
        channel.basicPublish(ROUT_EXCHANGE_NAME, "all", null, msg2.getBytes());
        channel.basicPublish(ROUT_EXCHANGE_NAME, "one", null, msg3.getBytes());
    }
    @Test
    public void consume_routing_all() throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        //1.获取连接对象
        Connection connection = MQConnections.getConnection();
        //2.构建Channl
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        //3.构建队列,queueDeclare("队列名称","是否持久化队列","是否只允许一个队列消费","长时间未使用是否删除"，"其他参数")
        channel.queueDeclare(ROUTALL_QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
        //4.监听消息
        DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, delivery) -> {
            String message = new String(delivery.getBody(), "UTF-8");
            System.out.println("consume_routing_all Received '" + message + "'");
        };
        channel.basicConsume(ROUTALL_QUEUE_NAME, true, deliverCallback, consumerTag -> {
        });
        System.in.read();
    }

    @Test
    public void consume_routing_one() throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        //1.获取连接对象
        Connection connection = MQConnections.getConnection();
        //2.构建Channl
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        //3.构建队列,queueDeclare("队列名称","是否持久化队列","是否只允许一个队列消费","长时间未使用是否删除"，"其他参数")
        channel.queueDeclare(ROUTONE_QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
        //4.监听消息
        DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, delivery) -> {
            String message = new String(delivery.getBody(), "UTF-8");
            System.out.println("consume_routing_one Received '" + message + "'");
        };
        channel.basicConsume(ROUTONE_QUEUE_NAME, true, deliverCallback, consumerTag -> {
        });
        System.in.read();
    }

5.主题通讯

“路由”模式仍然有局限性——它不能基于多个标准进行路由。主题可以带来很大的灵活性，发送到主题交换的消息不能有任意的routing_key，它必须是一个用点分隔的单词列表，routing_key有两种重要的特殊情况：

*只能代替一个词。
#可以替换零个或多个单词。

    public final static String TOPIC_EXCHANGE_NAME = "topic-ex";
    public final static String TOPICALL_QUEUE_NAME = "topic-queall";
    public final static String TOPICONE_QUEUE_NAME = "topic-queone";

    @Test
    public void publish_topic() throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        //1.获取连接对象
        Connection connection = MQConnections.getConnection();
        //2.构建Channl
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        //3.构建交换机
        channel.exchangeDeclare(TOPIC_EXCHANGE_NAME, BuiltinExchangeType.TOPIC);
        //4.构建队列,queueDeclare("队列名称","是否持久化队列","是否只允许一个队列消费","长时间未使用是否删除"，"其他参数")
        channel.queueDeclare(TOPICALL_QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
        channel.queueDeclare(TOPICONE_QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
        //5.绑定队列
        channel.queueBind(TOPICALL_QUEUE_NAME, TOPIC_EXCHANGE_NAME, "*.all.*");
        channel.queueBind(TOPICONE_QUEUE_NAME, TOPIC_EXCHANGE_NAME, "#.one");
        //6.发布消息
        String msg1 = "hello.all.world";
        String msg2 = "hello.world.one";
        channel.basicPublish(TOPIC_EXCHANGE_NAME, "hello.all.world", null, msg1.getBytes());
        channel.basicPublish(TOPIC_EXCHANGE_NAME, "hello.world.one", null, msg2.getBytes());
    }
        @Test
    public void consume_topic_all() throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        //1.获取连接对象
        Connection connection = MQConnections.getConnection();
        //2.构建Channl
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        //3.构建队列,queueDeclare("队列名称","是否持久化队列","是否只允许一个队列消费","长时间未使用是否删除"，"其他参数")
        channel.queueDeclare(TOPICALL_QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
        //4.监听消息
        DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, delivery) -> {
            String message = new String(delivery.getBody(), "UTF-8");
            System.out.println("consume_topic_all Received '" + message + "'");
        };
        channel.basicConsume(TOPICALL_QUEUE_NAME, true, deliverCallback, consumerTag -> {
        });
        System.in.read();
    }

    @Test
    public void consume_topic_one() throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        //1.获取连接对象
        Connection connection = MQConnections.getConnection();
        //2.构建Channl
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        //3.构建队列,queueDeclare("队列名称","是否持久化队列","是否只允许一个队列消费","长时间未使用是否删除"，"其他参数")
        channel.queueDeclare(TOPICONE_QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
        //4.监听消息
        DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, delivery) -> {
            String message = new String(delivery.getBody(), "UTF-8");
            System.out.println("consume_topic_one Received '" + message + "'");
        };
        channel.basicConsume(TOPICONE_QUEUE_NAME, true, deliverCallback, consumerTag -> {
        });
        System.in.read();
    }

6.RPC通讯

RabbitMQ作为消息中间件可以达到应用解耦效果，如果想达到RPC远程调用同步返回结果，RabbitMQ同样支持，其原理如下：

发布者发送消息时指定一个回调队列和唯一id
消费者处理完成后将结果发送到回调队列中
发布者按照唯一id接收消息并处理

如下图

    public final static String RPC_QUEUE_NAME = "rpc-que";
    public final static String RPCCALLBACK_QUEUE_NAME = "rpc-callback-que";

    @Test
    public void publish_rpc() throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        //1.获取连接对象
        Connection connection = MQConnections.getConnection();
        //2.构建Channl
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        //3.构建队列,queueDeclare("队列名称","是否持久化队列","是否只允许一个队列消费","长时间未使用是否删除"，"其他参数")
        channel.queueDeclare(RPC_QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
        // replyTo回调队列
        channel.queueDeclare(RPCCALLBACK_QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
        //4.发布消息
        String msg = "hello rpc";
        String correlationId = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
        /*AMQP 协议预先定义了一组与消息一起使用的14个属性。除了以下属性外，大多数属性很少使用：
        deliveryMode：将消息标记为持久（值为2）或瞬时（任何其他值）。
        contentType：用于描述编码的mime类型。例如，对于常用的JSON编码，最好将此属性设置为：application/JSON。
        replyTo：通常用于命名回调队列。
        correlationId：用于将RPC响应与请求关联。*/
        AMQP.BasicProperties basicProperties = new AMQP.BasicProperties.Builder().replyTo(RPCCALLBACK_QUEUE_NAME).correlationId(correlationId).build();
        //5.回调响应结果
        channel.basicPublish("", RPC_QUEUE_NAME, basicProperties, msg.getBytes());
        DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, delivery) -> {
            String message = new String(delivery.getBody(), "UTF-8");
            String recid = delivery.getProperties().getCorrelationId();
            if (correlationId.equalsIgnoreCase(recid)) System.out.println("rpc-callback-que   '" + message + "'");
        };
        channel.basicConsume(RPCCALLBACK_QUEUE_NAME, true, deliverCallback, consumerTag -> {
        });
        System.in.read();
    }
        @Test
    public void consume_rpc() throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        //1.获取连接对象
        Connection connection = MQConnections.getConnection();
        //2.构建Channl
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        //3.构建队列,queueDeclare("队列名称","是否持久化队列","是否只允许一个队列消费","长时间未使用是否删除"，"其他参数")
        channel.queueDeclare(RPC_QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
        //4.监听消息
        DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, delivery) -> {
            String message = new String(delivery.getBody(), "UTF-8");
            System.out.println("consume_rpc Received '" + message + "'");
            String correlationId = delivery.getProperties().getCorrelationId();
            AMQP.BasicProperties basicProperties = new AMQP.BasicProperties.Builder().correlationId(correlationId).build();
            String replyTo = delivery.getProperties().getReplyTo();
            String callbackmsg = "rpc callback";
            channel.basicPublish("", replyTo, basicProperties, callbackmsg.getBytes());
        };
        channel.basicConsume(RPC_QUEUE_NAME, true, deliverCallback, consumerTag -> {
        });
        System.in.read();
    }

7.Publisher确认通讯

Publisher确认是RabbitMQ扩展以实现可靠发布。当在通道上启用发布者确认时，代理将异步确认客户端发布的消息，这意味着它们已在服务器端得到处理。

    public final static String CONFIRM_EXCHANGE_NAME = "confirm-ex";
    public final static String CONFIRM_QUEUE_NAME = "confirm-que";

    @Test
    public void publish_confirm() throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        //1.获取连接对象
        Connection connection = MQConnections.getConnection();
        //2.构建Channl
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        //3.开启确认选项
        channel.confirmSelect();
        //4.构建交换机
        channel.exchangeDeclare(CONFIRM_EXCHANGE_NAME, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT);
        //5.构建队列,queueDeclare("队列名称","是否持久化队列","是否只允许一个队列消费","长时间未使用是否删除"，"其他参数")
        channel.queueDeclare(CONFIRM_QUEUE_NAME, true, false, false, null);
        //6.绑定队列
        String right_routing_key = "confirm";
        String error_routing_key = "confirm_err";
        channel.queueBind(CONFIRM_QUEUE_NAME, CONFIRM_EXCHANGE_NAME, right_routing_key);
        //7.消息到达交换机确认监听
        channel.addConfirmListener((sequenceNumber, multiple) -> {
            System.out.println("消息成功发送到交换机");
        }, (sequenceNumber, multiple) -> {
            System.err.println("消息未发送到交换机，补偿操作。");
        });
        //8.消息到达队列确认监听
        channel.addReturnListener((replyCode, replyText, exchange, routingKey, basicProperties, body) -> {
            System.err.format("消息 %s 未路由到指定队列: %s, replyText: %s,replyCode: %d%n", body, routingKey, replyText, replyCode);
        });
        //设置消息持久化
        AMQP.BasicProperties basicProperties = new AMQP.BasicProperties.Builder().deliveryMode(2).build();
        //7.发布消息
        String msg = "hello confirm";
        channel.basicPublish(CONFIRM_EXCHANGE_NAME, error_routing_key,true, basicProperties, msg.getBytes());
        System.in.read();
    }

	@Test
    public void consume_ack() throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        //1.获取连接对象
        Connection connection = MQConnections.getConnection();
        //2.构建Channl
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        //3.构建队列,queueDeclare("队列名称","是否持久化队列","是否只允许一个队列消费","长时间未使用是否删除"，"其他参数")
        channel.queueDeclare(CONFIRM_QUEUE_NAME, true, false, false, null);
        //4.监听消息
        DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, delivery) -> {
            String message = new String(delivery.getBody(), "UTF-8");
            System.out.println("consume_routing_one Received '" + message + "'");
            //消息处理后手动ACK
            channel.basicAck(delivery.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag(),false);
        };
        // ack为false
        channel.basicConsume(CONFIRM_QUEUE_NAME, false, deliverCallback, consumerTag -> {
        });
        System.in.read();
    }

代码仓库

https://gitee.com/codeWBG/learn_rabbitmq

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2024腾讯·技术创作特训营第五期

原创声明：本文系作者授权腾讯云开发者社区发表，未经许可，不得转载。

如有侵权，请联系 cloudcommunity@tencent.com 删除。

2024腾讯·技术创作特训营第五期

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