Jetpack Compose中的基本组件及组件提取

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发布于 2024-03-29 12:57:44

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发布于 2024-03-29 12:57:44

文章被收录于专栏：码客码客

前言

除了布局组件外，Jetpack Compose 还提供了一系列其他常用的 UI 组件。

https://developer.android.google.cn/jetpack/compose/components?hl=zh-cn

https://developer.android.google.cn/courses/pathways/compose?hl=zh-cn

占位

Spacer(modifier = Modifier.height(16.dp))

分割线

Divider(
    color = Color.Black,
    modifier = Modifier.fillMaxHeight().width(1.dp)
)

文本

Text（文本）:

Text("Hello, World!")

文本居中

Text(
    text = "A",
    modifier = Modifier
        .background(Color.Red)
        .width(30.dp).height(30.dp)
        .wrapContentSize(Alignment.Center),
    textAlign = TextAlign.Center,
)

设置行数

Text(
    text = "ABC",
    modifier = Modifier
        .background(Color.Red)
        .width(30.dp).height(30.dp)
        .wrapContentSize(Alignment.Center),
    textAlign = TextAlign.Center,
    maxLines = 1
)

按钮

基本使用

Button(
    modifier = Modifier.width(100.dp).height(40.dp),
    shape = MaterialTheme.shapes.medium,
    onClick = { /* 按钮点击事件 */ }
) {
    Text(
        text = "点击",
        fontSize = 16.sp,
        color = Color.White
    )
}

自定义按钮

效果

组件定义

import androidx.compose.foundation.background
import androidx.compose.foundation.clickable
import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.Box
import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.fillMaxSize
import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.padding
import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.size
import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.wrapContentSize
import androidx.compose.foundation.shape.RoundedCornerShape
import androidx.compose.material3.Text
import androidx.compose.runtime.Composable
import androidx.compose.ui.Alignment
import androidx.compose.ui.Modifier
import androidx.compose.ui.draw.clip
import androidx.compose.ui.graphics.Brush
import androidx.compose.ui.graphics.Color
import androidx.compose.ui.text.TextStyle
import androidx.compose.ui.text.style.TextAlign
import androidx.compose.ui.tooling.preview.Preview
import androidx.compose.ui.unit.dp
import androidx.compose.ui.unit.sp

@Composable
fun ZBtnView(text:String){
    val mShape = RoundedCornerShape(6.dp)
    Box(
        modifier = Modifier
            .fillMaxSize()
            .clip(mShape)
    ) {
        Box(
            modifier = Modifier
                .padding(0.dp,6.dp,0.dp,0.dp)
                .fillMaxSize()
                .background(
                    Color(0xff2B89E0),
                    shape =mShape
                )
                .clip(mShape)
        )
        Box(
            modifier = Modifier
                .padding(0.dp,0.dp,0.dp,2.5.dp)
                .fillMaxSize()
                .background(
                    brush = Brush.verticalGradient(
                        colors = listOf(
                            Color(0xff8AEFFD),
                            Color(0xff3BD9FD),
                            Color(0xff32C8FD),
                            Color(0xff36B3FE),
                            Color(0xff50B8FF),
                        ), // 定义垂直渐变色
                        startY = 0f,
                    ),
                    shape = mShape
                )
                .clip(mShape)
        )
        Text(
            text = text,
            color = Color.White,
            style = TextStyle(fontSize = 14.sp),
            textAlign = TextAlign.Center,
            modifier = Modifier
                .align(Alignment.Center)
                .wrapContentSize(Alignment.Center),
        )
    }
}

使用

Box(
    modifier = Modifier
        .align(Alignment.Bottom)
        .size(72.dp, 28.dp)
        .clip(RoundedCornerShape(6.dp))
        .clickable { }) {
    ZBtnView("安装")
}

单选按钮

@Composable
fun MyRadioBtn(onSelectChange: (Boolean) -> Unit) {
    val isSelected = remember {mutableStateOf(false)}
    RadioButton(selected = isSelected.value, onClick = {
        isSelected.value = !isSelected.value
        onSelectChange(isSelected.value)
    })
}

Switch

@Composable
fun SwitchMinimalExample() {
    var checked by remember { mutableStateOf(true) }
    Switch(
        checked = checked,
        onCheckedChange = {
            checked = it
        }
    )
}

文本输入

BasicTextField

BasicTextField(
    value = "",
    onValueChange = {},
)

TextField

@OptIn(ExperimentalMaterial3Api::class)
@Composable
fun SimpleFilledTextFieldSample() {
    var text by remember { mutableStateOf("") }
    TextField(
        value = text,
        onValueChange = { text = it },
        label = { Text("姓名") }
    )
}

输入类型为密码

@Composable
fun PasswordTextField() {
    var password by rememberSaveable { mutableStateOf("") }

    TextField(
        value = password,
        onValueChange = { password = it },
        label = { Text("Enter password") },
        visualTransformation = PasswordVisualTransformation(),
        keyboardOptions = KeyboardOptions(keyboardType = KeyboardType.Password)
    )
}

彩虹色文字

@OptIn(ExperimentalMaterial3Api::class)
@Composable
fun SimpleFilledTextFieldSample() {
    var text by remember { mutableStateOf("") }
    val brush = remember {
        Brush.linearGradient(
            colors = listOf<Color>(Color.Red, Color.Green, Color.Blue)
        )
    }
    TextField(
        value = text, onValueChange = { text = it }, textStyle = TextStyle(brush = brush)
    )
}

OutlinedTextField

@Composable
fun SimpleOutlinedTextFieldSample() {
    var text by remember { mutableStateOf("") }

    OutlinedTextField(
        value = text,
        onValueChange = { text = it },
        label = { Text("Label") }
    )
}

图片

适配模式

Image(
    modifier = Modifier
        .padding(10.dp)
        .size(200.dp, 150.dp)
        .background(color = Color.Yellow),
    painter = painterResource(id = R.drawable.logo),
    contentDescription = null,
    contentScale = ContentScale.Crop
)

contentScale:

ContentScale.Fit 等比缩放保证图片完全显示默认的方式
ContentScale.Crop 等比缩放后居中剪裁
ContentScale.Inside 等比缩放保证图片完全显示
ContentScale.FillBounds 拉伸填充
ContentScale.FillHeight 等比缩放填充高度
ContentScale.FillWidth 等比缩放填充宽度
ContentScale.None 不缩放后居中剪裁

着色

非透明的PNG图片的区域添加着色。

Image(
    modifier = Modifier
        .padding(10.dp)
        .size(200.dp, 150.dp),
    painter = painterResource(id = R.drawable.logo),
    contentDescription = null,
    colorFilter = ColorFilter.tint(color = Color.Green, BlendMode.SrcAtop)
)

圆角

圆形

Image(
    modifier = Modifier
        .padding(10.dp)
        .size(200.dp)
        .background(color = Color.Yellow)
        .clip(shape = CircleShape),
    painter = painterResource(id = R.drawable.logo),
    contentDescription = null,
    contentScale = ContentScale.Crop,
)

圆角

Image(
    modifier = Modifier
        .padding(10.dp)
        .size(200.dp)
        .background(color = Color.Yellow)
        .clip(shape = RoundedCornerShape(20.dp)),
    painter = painterResource(id = R.drawable.logo),
    contentDescription = null,
    contentScale = ContentScale.Crop,
)

背景剪裁

图片的背景是不会被剪裁的，我们可以在外面套一个Box做剪裁。

Box(
    modifier = Modifier
        .padding(10.dp)
        .size(200.dp)
        .clip(shape = RoundedCornerShape(20.dp)),
) {
    Image(
        painter = painterResource(id = R.drawable.logo),
        contentDescription = null,
        modifier = Modifier
            .background(color = Color.Yellow)
            .fillMaxSize(),
        contentScale = ContentScale.Crop
    )
}

加载本地图片

Image(
    painter = painterResource(R.drawable.my_image),
    contentDescription = "My Image"
)

图片角标

Image(
    painter = painterResource(id = R.drawable.logo),
    modifier = Modifier
        .padding(10.dp)
        .size(46.dp)
        .drawWithContent {
            drawContent()
            drawCircle(
                Color.Red,
                5.dp.toPx(),
                Offset(size.width - 1.dp.toPx(), 1.dp.toPx())
            )

        },
    contentDescription = "头像"
)

加载网络图片

添加依赖

implementation("io.coil-kt:coil-compose:2.6.0")

添加网络权限

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />

使用

@Composable
fun LoadWebImage(url:String){
    AsyncImage(
        model = url,
        contentDescription = null,
    )
}

调用

LoadWebImage(url = "https://www.psvmc.cn/head.jpg")

设置占位图

@Composable
fun LoadWebImage(url:String){
    AsyncImage(
        model = ImageRequest.Builder(LocalContext.current)
            .data(url)
            .crossfade(true)
            .build(),
        placeholder = painterResource(R.drawable.ic_launcher_foreground),
        contentDescription = stringResource(R.string.app_name),
        contentScale = ContentScale.Crop,
        modifier = Modifier.clip(CircleShape).size(60.dp)
    )
}

加载中动画

CircularProgressIndicator(modifier = Modifier.size(30.dp))

消息框

Toast

组件化

import android.widget.Toast
import androidx.compose.runtime.Composable
import kotlinx.coroutines.CoroutineScope
import kotlinx.coroutines.Dispatchers
import kotlinx.coroutines.launch

@Composable
fun ShowToast(message: String) {
    val context = LocalContext.current

    // 启动一个协程来显示 Toast
    CoroutineScope(Dispatchers.Main).launch {
        Toast.makeText(context, message, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
    }
}

调用

var showToast by remember { mutableStateOf(false) }

if (showToast) {
    ShowToast("哈哈");
}

组件内方法

val context = LocalContext.current

// 显示 Toast 的函数
fun showToast(message: String) {
    CoroutineScope(Dispatchers.Main).launch {
        Toast.makeText(context, message, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
    }
}

Snackbar

基本示例

@Composable
fun SnackbarExample() {
    var snackbarVisible by remember { mutableStateOf(false) }

    Box {
        Button(onClick = { snackbarVisible = true }) {
            Text("显示 Snackbar")
        }
        if (snackbarVisible) {
            Snackbar(
                content = { Text(text = "文本") },
                action = {
                    Button(onClick = { snackbarVisible = false }) {
                        Text(text = "关闭")
                    }
                }
            )
        }
    }
}

使用snackbarHost

val scope = rememberCoroutineScope()
val snackbarHostState = remember { SnackbarHostState() }
Scaffold(
    snackbarHost = {
        SnackbarHost(hostState = snackbarHostState)
    },
    floatingActionButton = {

    }
) { contentPadding ->
    Box {
        Button(
            modifier = Modifier.padding(10.dp).width(100.dp).height(40.dp),
            shape = MaterialTheme.shapes.medium,
            onClick = {
                scope.launch {
                    snackbarHostState.showSnackbar("我是提示消息")
                }
            }
        ){
            Text(
                text = "点击",
                fontSize = 16.sp,
                color = Color.White
            )
        }
    }
}

对话框

Dialog(onDismissRequest = { /* 关闭对话框事件 */ }) {
    Surface(
        modifier = Modifier.size(300.dp),
        shape = RoundedCornerShape(16.dp),
        color = MaterialTheme.colorScheme.background
    ) {
        Text("文字")
    }
}

隐藏键盘

val keyboardController = LocalSoftwareKeyboardController.current

// 在需要隐藏键盘的地方调用这个函数
fun hideKeyboard() {
    keyboardController?.hide()
}

加载网页

@Composable
fun WebViewContainer(url: String) {
    AndroidView(factory = { context ->
        WebView(context).apply {
            layoutParams = ViewGroup.LayoutParams(
                ViewGroup.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT,
                ViewGroup.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT
            )
            webViewClient = WebViewClient()
            loadUrl(url)
        }
    })
}

视频播放器

import android.net.Uri
import androidx.compose.runtime.Composable
import androidx.compose.ui.viewinterop.AndroidView
import com.google.android.exoplayer2.ExoPlayer
import com.google.android.exoplayer2.SimpleExoPlayer
import com.google.android.exoplayer2.ui.PlayerView
import com.google.android.exoplayer2.source.ProgressiveMediaSource
import com.google.android.exoplayer2.upstream.DefaultDataSourceFactory
import com.google.android.exoplayer2.util.Util

@Composable
fun VideoPlayer(videoUrl: String) {
    val context = LocalContext.current
    val exoPlayer = SimpleExoPlayer.Builder(context).build().apply {
        val dataSourceFactory = DefaultDataSourceFactory(
            context,
            Util.getUserAgent(context, context.getString(R.string.app_name))
        )
        val videoSource = ProgressiveMediaSource.Factory(dataSourceFactory)
            .createMediaSource(Uri.parse(videoUrl))
        prepare(videoSource)
    }
    AndroidView(factory = { ctx ->
        PlayerView(ctx).apply {
            player = exoPlayer
            useController = true
        }
    }, update = { playerView ->
        playerView.player = exoPlayer
    })
}

实战-登录页面

@OptIn(ExperimentalMaterial3Api::class)
@Composable
fun LoginScreen(onLoginClicked: (String, String) -> Unit) {
    var username by remember { mutableStateOf("") }
    var password by remember { mutableStateOf("") }
    Log.i("LoginScreen", "Username: $username, Password: $password")
    Column(
        modifier = Modifier
            .fillMaxSize()
            .padding(16.dp),
        horizontalAlignment = Alignment.CenterHorizontally,
        verticalArrangement = Arrangement.Center
    ) {
        OutlinedTextField(
            value = username,
            onValueChange = { username = it },
            label = { Text("用户名") },
            modifier = Modifier.fillMaxWidth()
        )
        Spacer(modifier = Modifier.height(16.dp))
        OutlinedTextField(
            value = password,
            onValueChange = { password = it },
            label = { Text("密码") },
            visualTransformation = PasswordVisualTransformation(),
            modifier = Modifier.fillMaxWidth()
        )
        Spacer(modifier = Modifier.height(16.dp))
        Button(
            onClick = {
                Log.i("登录点击", "Username: $username, Password: $password")
                onLoginClicked(username, password)
            },
            modifier = Modifier.fillMaxWidth()
        ) {
            Text(text = "登录")
        }
    }
}

调用

LoginScreen { name, pwd ->
   Log.i("LoginScreen", "Username: $name, Password: $pwd")
};

组件提取

因为Compose组件本质都是方法，所以可以使用提取方法来提取组件

快捷键：Ctrl+Alt+M

本文参与腾讯云自媒体分享计划，分享自作者个人站点/博客。

原始发表：2024-03-13，如有侵权请联系 cloudcommunity@tencent.com 删除

import

jetpack

androidx

本文分享自作者个人站点/博客前往查看

如有侵权，请联系 cloudcommunity@tencent.com 删除。

本文参与腾讯云自媒体分享计划，欢迎热爱写作的你一起参与！

import

jetpack

androidx

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Jetpack Compose中的基本组件及组件提取

Jetpack Compose中的基本组件及组件提取

前言

占位

分割线

文本

按钮

基本使用

自定义按钮

单选按钮

Switch

文本输入

BasicTextField

TextField

OutlinedTextField

图片

适配模式

着色

圆角

圆形

圆角

背景剪裁

加载本地图片

图片角标

加载网络图片

加载中动画

消息框

Toast

组件化

组件内方法

Snackbar

基本示例

使用snackbarHost

对话框

隐藏键盘

加载网页

视频播放器

实战-登录页面

组件提取

社区

活动

资源

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