Java 中文官方教程 2022 版（十一）

Pattern pattern = 
Pattern.compile(console.readLine("%nEnter your regex: "),
Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE);

Enter your regex: dog
Enter input string to search: DoGDOg
I found the text "DoG" starting at index 0 and ending at index 3.
I found the text "DOg" starting at index 3 and ending at index 6.

pattern = Pattern.compile("[az]$", Pattern.MULTILINE | Pattern.UNIX_LINES);

final int flags = Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE | Pattern.UNICODE_CASE;
Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile("aa", flags);

Enter your regex: (?i)foo
Enter input string to search: FOOfooFoOfoO
I found the text "FOO" starting at index 0 and ending at index 3.
I found the text "foo" starting at index 3 and ending at index 6.
I found the text "FoO" starting at index 6 and ending at index 9.
I found the text "foO" starting at index 9 and ending at index 12.

import java.util.regex.Pattern;
import java.util.regex.Matcher;

public class SplitDemo {

    private static final String REGEX = ":";
    private static final String INPUT =
        "one:two:three:four:five";

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Pattern p = Pattern.compile(REGEX);
        String[] items = p.split(INPUT);
        for(String s : items) {
            System.out.println(s);
        }
    }
}

OUTPUT:

one
two
three
four
five

import java.util.regex.Pattern;
import java.util.regex.Matcher;

public class SplitDemo2 {

    private static final String REGEX = "\\d";
    private static final String INPUT =
        "one9two4three7four1five";

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Pattern p = Pattern.compile(REGEX);
        String[] items = p.split(INPUT);
        for(String s : items) {
            System.out.println(s);
        }
    }
}

OUTPUT:

one
two
three
four
five

import java.util.regex.Pattern;
import java.util.regex.Matcher;

public class MatcherDemo {

    private static final String REGEX =
        "\\bdog\\b";
    private static final String INPUT =
        "dog dog dog doggie dogg";

    public static void main(String[] args) {
       Pattern p = Pattern.compile(REGEX);
       //  get a matcher object
       Matcher m = p.matcher(INPUT);
       int count = 0;
       while(m.find()) {
           count++;
           System.out.println("Match number "
                              + count);
           System.out.println("start(): "
                              + m.start());
           System.out.println("end(): "
                              + m.end());
      }
   }
}

OUTPUT:

Match number 1
start(): 0
end(): 3
Match number 2
start(): 4
end(): 7
Match number 3
start(): 8
end(): 11

import java.util.regex.Pattern;
import java.util.regex.Matcher;

public class MatchesLooking {

    private static final String REGEX = "foo";
    private static final String INPUT =
        "fooooooooooooooooo";
    private static Pattern pattern;
    private static Matcher matcher;

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        // Initialize
        pattern = Pattern.compile(REGEX);
        matcher = pattern.matcher(INPUT);

        System.out.println("Current REGEX is: "
                           + REGEX);
        System.out.println("Current INPUT is: "
                           + INPUT);

        System.out.println("lookingAt(): "
            + matcher.lookingAt());
        System.out.println("matches(): "
            + matcher.matches());
    }
}

Current REGEX is: foo
Current INPUT is: fooooooooooooooooo
lookingAt(): true
matches(): false

import java.util.regex.Pattern; 
import java.util.regex.Matcher;

public class ReplaceDemo {

    private static String REGEX = "dog";
    private static String INPUT =
        "The dog says meow. All dogs say meow.";
    private static String REPLACE = "cat";

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Pattern p = Pattern.compile(REGEX);
        // get a matcher object
        Matcher m = p.matcher(INPUT);
        INPUT = m.replaceAll(REPLACE);
        System.out.println(INPUT);
    }
}

OUTPUT: The cat says meow. All cats say meow.

import java.util.regex.Pattern;
import java.util.regex.Matcher;

public class ReplaceDemo2 {

    private static String REGEX = "a*b";
    private static String INPUT =
        "aabfooaabfooabfoob";
    private static String REPLACE = "-";

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Pattern p = Pattern.compile(REGEX);
        // get a matcher object
        Matcher m = p.matcher(INPUT);
        INPUT = m.replaceAll(REPLACE);
        System.out.println(INPUT);
    }
}

OUTPUT: -foo-foo-foo-

import java.util.regex.Pattern;
import java.util.regex.Matcher;

public class RegexDemo {

    private static String REGEX = "a*b";
    private static String INPUT = "aabfooaabfooabfoob";
    private static String REPLACE = "-";

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Pattern p = Pattern.compile(REGEX);
        Matcher m = p.matcher(INPUT); // get a matcher object
        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
        while(m.find()){
            m.appendReplacement(sb,REPLACE);
        }
        m.appendTail(sb);
        System.out.println(sb.toString());
    }
}

OUTPUT: -foo-foo-foo- 

import java.io.Console;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;
import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import java.util.regex.PatternSyntaxException;

public class RegexTestHarness2 {

    public static void main(String[] args){
        Pattern pattern = null;
        Matcher matcher = null;

        Console console = System.console();
        if (console == null) {
            System.err.println("No console.");
            System.exit(1);
        }
        while (true) {
            try{
                pattern = 
                Pattern.compile(console.readLine("%nEnter your regex: "));

                matcher = 
                pattern.matcher(console.readLine("Enter input string to search: "));
            }
            catch(PatternSyntaxException pse){
                console.format("There is a problem" +
                               " with the regular expression!%n");
                console.format("The pattern in question is: %s%n",
                               pse.getPattern());
                console.format("The description is: %s%n",
                               pse.getDescription());
                console.format("The message is: %s%n",
                               pse.getMessage());
                console.format("The index is: %s%n",
                               pse.getIndex());
                System.exit(0);
            }
            boolean found = false;
            while (matcher.find()) {
                console.format("I found the text" +
                    " \"%s\" starting at " +
                    "index %d and ending at index %d.%n",
                    matcher.group(),
                    matcher.start(),
                    matcher.end());
                found = true;
            }
            if(!found){
                console.format("No match found.%n");
            }
        }
    }
}

Enter your regex: ?i)
There is a problem with the regular expression!
The pattern in question is: ?i)
The description is: Dangling meta character '?'
The message is: Dangling meta character '?' near index 0
?i)
^
The index is: 0

String hexPattern = "\x{" + Integer.toHexString(codePoint) + "}";

import javax.swing.JApplet;
import javax.swing.SwingUtilities;
import javax.swing.JLabel;

public class HelloWorld extends JApplet {
    //Called when this applet is loaded into the browser.
    public void init() {
        //Execute a job on the event-dispatching thread; creating this applet's GUI.
        try {
            SwingUtilities.invokeAndWait(new Runnable() {
                public void run() {
                    JLabel lbl = new JLabel("Hello World");
                    add(lbl);
                }
            });
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.err.println("createGUI didn't complete successfully");
        }
    }
}

import javax.swing.JApplet;
import javax.swing.SwingUtilities;
import javax.swing.JLabel;

public class HelloWorld extends JApplet {
    //Called when this applet is loaded into the browser.
    public void init() {
        //Execute a job on the event-dispatching thread; creating this applet's GUI.
        try {
            SwingUtilities.invokeAndWait(new Runnable() {
                public void run() {
                    JLabel lbl = new JLabel("Hello World");
                    add(lbl);
                }
            });
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.err.println("createGUI didn't complete successfully");
        }
    }
}

import java.applet.Applet;
import java.awt.Graphics;

//No need to extend JApplet, since we don't add any components;
//we just paint.
public class Simple extends Applet {

    StringBuffer buffer;

    public void init() {
        buffer = new StringBuffer();
        addItem("initializing... ");
    }

    public void start() {
        addItem("starting... ");
    }

    public void stop() {
        addItem("stopping... ");
    }

    public void destroy() {
        addItem("preparing for unloading...");
    }

    private void addItem(String newWord) {
        System.out.println(newWord);
        buffer.append(newWord);
        repaint();
    }

    public void paint(Graphics g) {
	//Draw a Rectangle around the applet's display area.
        g.drawRect(0, 0, 
		   getWidth() - 1,
		   getHeight() - 1);

	//Draw the current string inside the rectangle.
        g.drawString(buffer.toString(), 5, 15);
    }
}

public class DynamicTreePanel extends JPanel implements ActionListener {
    private int newNodeSuffix = 1;
    private static String ADD_COMMAND = "add";
    private static String REMOVE_COMMAND = "remove";
    private static String CLEAR_COMMAND = "clear";

    private DynamicTree treePanel;

    public DynamicTreePanel() {
        super(new BorderLayout());

        //Create the components.
        treePanel = new DynamicTree();
        populateTree(treePanel);

        JButton addButton = new JButton("Add");
        addButton.setActionCommand(ADD_COMMAND);
        addButton.addActionListener(this);

        JButton removeButton = new JButton("Remove");

        // ...

        JButton clearButton = new JButton("Clear");

        // ...

        //Lay everything out.
        treePanel.setPreferredSize(
            new Dimension(300, 150));
        add(treePanel, BorderLayout.CENTER);

        JPanel panel = new JPanel(new GridLayout(0,3));
        panel.add(addButton);
        panel.add(removeButton); 
        panel.add(clearButton);
        add(panel, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
    }
    // ...
}

package appletComponentArch;

import javax.swing.JApplet;
import javax.swing.SwingUtilities;

public class DynamicTreeApplet extends JApplet {
    //Called when this applet is loaded into the browser.
    public void init() {
        //Execute a job on the event-dispatching thread; creating this applet's GUI.
        try {
            SwingUtilities.invokeAndWait(new Runnable() {
                public void run() {
                    createGUI();
                }
            });
        } catch (Exception e) { 
            System.err.println("createGUI didn't complete successfully");
        }
    }

    private void createGUI() {
        //Create and set up the content pane.
        DynamicTreePanel newContentPane = new DynamicTreePanel();
        newContentPane.setOpaque(true); 
        setContentPane(newContentPane);        
    }        
}

Permissions: sandbox
Codebase: myserver.com
Application-Name: Dynamic Tree Demo

% cd build/classes
% jar cvfm DynamicTreeDemo.jar mymanifest.txt appletComponentArch

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<jnlp spec="1.0+" codebase="" href="">
    <information>
        <title>Dynamic Tree Demo</title>
        <vendor>Dynamic Team</vendor>
    </information>
    <resources>
        <!-- Application Resources -->
        <j2se version="1.7+"
            href="http://java.sun.com/products/autodl/j2se" />
        <jar href="DynamicTreeDemo.jar" main="true" />

    </resources>
    <applet-desc 
         name="Dynamic Tree Demo Applet"
         main-class="components.DynamicTreeApplet"
         width="300"
         height="300">
     </applet-desc>
     <update check="background"/>
</jnlp>                                   

<body>
    <!-- ... -->
    <script src="https://www.java.com/js/deployJava.js"></script>
    <script> 
        var attributes = {
            code:'components.DynamicTreeApplet',  width:300, height:300} ; 
        var parameters = {jnlp_href: 'dynamictree_applet.jnlp'} ; 
        deployJava.runApplet(attributes, parameters, '1.7'); 
    </script>
    <!-- ... -->
</body>

<applet code = 'appletComponentArch.DynamicTreeApplet' 
        jnlp_href = 'dynamictree_applet.jnlp'
        width = 300
        height = 300 />

<applet code = 'appletComponentArch.DynamicTreeApplet' 
    archive = 'DynamicTreeDemo.jar'
    width = 300
    height = 300>
    <param name="permissions" value="sandbox" />
</applet>

Image image = getImage(getCodeBase(), "imgDir/a.gif");

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<jnlp spec="1.0+" codebase="" href="">
    <!-- ... -->
    <applet-desc
         name="Applet Takes Params"
         main-class="AppletTakesParams"
         width="800"
         height="50">
             <param name="paramStr"
                 value="someString"/>
             <param name="paramInt" value="22"/>
     </applet-desc>
     <!-- ... -->
</jnlp>

<html>
  <head>
    <title>Applet Takes Params</title>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;
        charset=windows-1252">
  </head>
  <body>
    <h1>Applet Takes Params</h1>

    <script
      src="https://www.java.com/js/deployJava.js"></script>
    <script>
        var attributes = { code:'AppletTakesParams.class',
            archive:'applet_AppletWithParameters.jar',
            width:800, height:50 };
        var parameters = {jnlp_href: 'applettakesparams.jnlp',
            paramOutsideJNLPFile: 'fooOutsideJNLP' };
        deployJava.runApplet(attributes, parameters, '1.7');
    </script>

  </body>
</html>

import javax.swing.JApplet;
import javax.swing.SwingUtilities;
import javax.swing.JLabel;

public class AppletTakesParams extends JApplet {
    public void init() {
        final String  inputStr = getParameter("paramStr");        
        final int inputInt = Integer.parseInt(getParameter("paramInt"));
        final String inputOutsideJNLPFile = getParameter("paramOutsideJNLPFile");

        try {
            SwingUtilities.invokeAndWait(new Runnable() {
                public void run() {
                    createGUI(inputStr, inputInt, inputOutsideJNLPFile);
                }
            });
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.err.println("createGUI didn't successfully complete");
        }
    }
    private void createGUI(String inputStr, int inputInt, String inputOutsideJNLPFile) {
        String text = "Applet's parameters are -- inputStr: " + inputStr +
                ",   inputInt: " + inputInt +
                ",   paramOutsideJNLPFile: " + inputOutsideJNLPFile;
        JLabel lbl = new JLabel(text);
        add(lbl);
    }
}

showStatus("MyApplet: Loading image file " + file);

public void showDocument(java.net.URL *url*)
public void showDocument(java.net.URL *url*, String *targetWindow*)

        *...//In an Applet subclass:*
        urlWindow = new URLWindow(getAppletContext());
        . . .

class URLWindow extends Frame {
    ...
    public URLWindow(AppletContext appletContext) {
        ...
        this.appletContext = appletContext;
        ...
    }
    ...
    public boolean action(Event event, Object o) {
        ...
            String urlString =
                */* user-entered string */*;
            URL url = null;
            try {
                url = new URL(urlString);
            } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
                *...//Inform the user and return...*
            }

            if (url != null) {
                if (*/* user doesn't want to specify
                           the window */*) {
                    appletContext.showDocument(url);
                } else {
                    appletContext.showDocument(url,
                        */* user-specified window */*);
                }
            }
        ...

<head>
<title>Data Summary Applet Page - Java to JavaScript LiveConnect</title>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1252"/>
<script language="javascript">
    var userName = "";

    // returns number
    function getAge() { 
        return 25;
    }
    // returns an object
    function address() { 
        this.street = "1 Example Lane";
        this.city = "Santa Clara";
        this.state = "CA";
    }
    // returns an array
    function getPhoneNums() { 
        return ["408-555-0100", "408-555-0102"];
    } 
    function writeSummary(summary) {
        summaryElem =
            document.getElementById("summary");
        summaryElem.innerHTML = summary;
    }
    </script>

    <!-- ... -->      
</head>
<body>
    <script src =
      "https://www.java.com/js/deployJava.js"></script>
    <script> 
        <!-- ... -->
        deployJava.runApplet(attributes, parameters, '1.6'); 
    </script>          
    <!-- ... -->
    <p id="summary"/>  // this HTML element contains
                             // the summary 
    <!-- ... -->
</body>

...
JSObject window = JSObject.getWindow(this);
...

package javatojs;

import java.applet.Applet;
import netscape.javascript.*; // add plugin.jar to classpath during compilation

public class DataSummaryApplet extends Applet {
    public void start() {
        try {
            JSObject window = JSObject.getWindow(this);

            String userName = "John Doe";

            // set JavaScript variable
            window.setMember("userName", userName);

            // invoke JavaScript function
            Number age = (Number) window.eval("getAge()");

            // get a JavaScript object and retrieve its contents
            JSObject address = (JSObject) window.eval("new address();");
            String addressStr = (String) address.getMember("street") + ", " +
                    (String) address.getMember("city") + ", " +
                    (String) address.getMember("state");

            // get an array from JavaScript and retrieve its contents
            JSObject phoneNums = (JSObject) window.eval("getPhoneNums()");
            String phoneNumStr = (String) phoneNums.getSlot(0) + ", " +
                    (String) phoneNums.getSlot(1);

            // dynamically change HTML in page; write data summary
            String summary = userName + " : " + age + " : " +
                    addressStr + " : " + phoneNumStr;
            window.call("writeSummary", new Object[] {summary})   ;
        } catch (JSException jse) {
            jse.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

Result of applet's Java calls to JavaScript on this page

John Doe : 25 : 1 Example Lane, Santa Clara, CA : 408-555-0100, 408-555-0102

package jstojava;
import java.applet.Applet;

public class MathApplet extends Applet{

    public String userName = null;

    public String getGreeting() {
        return "Hello " + userName;
    }

    public Calculator getCalculator() {
        return new Calculator();
    } 

    public DateHelper getDateHelper() {
        return new DateHelper();
    }

    public void printOut(String text) {
        System.out.println(text);
    }
}

package jstojava;

public class Calculator {
    private int a = 0;
    private int b = 0; // assume b > a

    public void setNums(int numA, int numB) {
        a = numA;
        b = numB;
    }

    public int add() {
        return a + b;
    }

    public int [] getNumInRange() {    
        int x = a;
        int len = (b - a) + 1;
        int [] range = new int [len];
        for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
            range[i]= x++;
            System.out.println("i: " + i + " ; range[i]: " + range[i]);
        }
        return range;
    }
}

package jstojava;
import java.util.Date;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;

public class DateHelper {

    public static String label = null;

    public String getDate() {
        return label + " " + new SimpleDateFormat().format(new Date());
    }

}

<script src=
  "https://www.java.com/js/deployJava.js"></script>
<script>
    <!-- applet id can be used to get a reference to
    the applet object -->
    var attributes = { id:'mathApplet',
        code:'jstojava.MathApplet',  width:1, height:1} ;
    var parameters = { jnlp_href: 'math_applet.jnlp'} ;
    deployJava.runApplet(attributes, parameters, '1.6');
</script>

<script language="javascript">
    function enterNums(){
        var numA = prompt('Enter number \'a\'?','0');
        var numB = prompt(
            'Enter number \'b\' (should be greater than number \'a\' ?','1');
        // set applet's public variable
        mathApplet.userName = "John Doe";

        // invoke public applet method
        var greeting = mathApplet.getGreeting();

        // get another class referenced by applet and
        // invoke its methods
        var calculator = mathApplet.getCalculator();
        calculator.setNums(numA, numB);

        // primitive datatype returned by applet
        var sum = calculator.add();

        // array returned by applet
        var numRange = calculator.getNumInRange();

        // check Java console log for this message
        mathApplet.printOut("Testing printing to System.out");

        // get another class, set static field and invoke its methods
        var dateHelper = mathApplet.getDateHelper();
        dateHelper.label = "Today\'s date is: ";
        var dateStr = dateHelper.getDate();
        <!-- ... -->
</script>

Results of JavaScript to Java Communication

Hello John Doe

a = 0 ; b = 5

Sum: 5

Numbers in range array: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ]

Today's date is: 5/28/13 4:12 PM //*shows current date*

<script>
<!-- ... -->
    var READY = 2;
    function registerAppletStateHandler() {
        // register onLoad handler if applet has
        // not loaded yet
        if (drawApplet.status < READY)  {                 
            drawApplet.onLoad = onLoadHandler;
        } else if (drawApplet.status >= READY) {
            // applet has already loaded or there
            // was an error
            document.getElementById("mydiv").innerHTML = 
              "Applet event handler not registered because applet status is: "
               + drawApplet.status;    
        }
    }

    function onLoadHandler() {
        // event handler for ready state
        document.getElementById("mydiv").innerHTML =
            "Applet has loaded";
        draw();
    }
<!-- ... -->
</script>        

<body onload="registerAppletStateHandler()">

<script src=
  "https://www.java.com/js/deployJava.js"></script>
<script>
    // set java_status_events parameter to true 
    var attributes = { id:'drawApplet',
        code:'DrawingApplet.class',
        archive: 'applet_StatusAndCallback.jar',
        width:600, height:400} ;
    var parameters = {java_status_events: 'true', permissions:'sandbox' } ;
    deployJava.runApplet(attributes, parameters, '1.7');
</script>

public void start() {
    try {
        // use reflection to get document
        Class c =
          Class.forName("com.sun.java.browser.plugin2.DOM");
        Method m = c.getMethod("getDocument",
          new Class[] { java.applet.Applet.class });

        // cast object returned as HTMLDocument;
        // then traverse or modify DOM
        HTMLDocument doc = (HTMLDocument) m.invoke(null,
            new Object[] { this });
        HTMLBodyElement body =
            (HTMLBodyElement) doc.getBody();
        dump(body, INDENT);
    } catch (Exception e) {
        System.out.println("New Java Plug-In not available");
        // In this case, you could fallback to the old
        // bootstrapping mechanism available in the
        // com.sun.java.browser.plugin.dom package
    }
}

private void dump(Node root, String prefix) {
    if (root instanceof Element) {
        System.out.println(prefix +
            ((Element) root).getTagName() + 
            " / " + root.getClass().getName());
    } else if (root instanceof CharacterData) {
        String data =
            ((CharacterData) root).getData().trim();
        if (!data.equals("")) {
            System.out.println(prefix +
                "CharacterData: " + data);
        }
    } else {
        System.out.println(prefix +
            root.getClass().getName());
    }
    NamedNodeMap attrs = root.getAttributes();
    if (attrs != null) {
        int len = attrs.getLength();
        for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
            Node attr = attrs.item(i);
            System.out.print(prefix + HALF_INDENT +
                "attribute " + i + ": " +
                attr.getNodeName());
            if (attr instanceof Attr) {
                System.out.print(" = " +
                    ((Attr) attr).getValue());
            }
            System.out.println();
        }
    }

    if (root.hasChildNodes()) {
        NodeList children = root.getChildNodes();
        if (children != null) {
            int len = children.getLength();
            for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
                dump(children.item(i), prefix +
                    INDENT);
            }
        }
    }
}