【Java实用干货】使用@SpringBootTest注解进行单元测试

JUnit 5: Java单元测试框架
Spring Test & Spring Boot Test: Spring Boot的测试工具和支持
AssertJ: 流式断言
Hamcrest: Hamcrest断言
Mockito: Java Mock框架
JSONassert: JSON断言
JsonPath: XPath for JSON

单元测试：一般面向方法，编写一般业务代码时，测试成本较大。涉及到的注解有@Test。
切片测试：一般面向难于测试的边界功能，介于单元测试和功能测试之间。涉及到的注解有 @WebMvcTest等。主要就是对于Controller的测试，分离了Service层，这里就涉及到Moc控制层所依赖的组件了
功能测试：一般面向某个完整的业务功能，同时也可以使用切面测试中的mock能力，推荐使用。涉及到的注解有@SpringBootTest等。
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<properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    </properties>

    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>1.5.6.RELEASE</version>
    </parent>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

@SpringBootApplication
public class StartUpApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(StartUpApplication.class, args);
    }
}

@RestController
public class HelloController {

    @RequestMapping("/")
    public String index() {
        return "Hello Spring Boot,Index!";
    }

    @RequestMapping(value = "/test", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public String test() {
        return "Spring Boot Test Demo!";
    }
}

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = StartUpApplication.class, webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
public class HelloControllerTest {

    /**
     * @LocalServerPort 提供了 @Value("${local.server.port}") 的代替
     */
    @LocalServerPort
    private int port;

    private URL base;

    @Autowired
    private TestRestTemplate restTemplate;

    @Before
    public void setUp() throws Exception {
        String url = String.format("http://localhost:%d/", port);
        System.out.println(String.format("port is : [%d]", port));
        this.base = new URL(url);
    }

    /**
     * 向"/test"地址发送请求，并打印返回结果
     * @throws Exception
     */
    @Test
    public void test1() throws Exception {

        ResponseEntity<String> response = this.restTemplate.getForEntity(
                this.base.toString() + "/test", String.class, "");
        System.out.println(String.format("测试结果为：%s", response.getBody()));
    }