【C++】基础：小游戏示例

#include <windows.h> 

#define ID_TIMER 1 
#define STRMAXLEN 25 //一个显示列的最大长度
#define STRMINLEN 8 //一个显示列的最小长度 


LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);	//函数声明

typedef struct tagCharChain //整个当作屏幕的一个显示列,这是个双向列表 
{
	struct tagCharChain *prev; //链表的前一个元素 
	TCHAR ch; //一个显示列中的一个字符 
	struct tagCharChain *next; //链表的后一个元素 
}CharChain, *pCharChain;


typedef struct tagCharColumn	//字符列
{
	CharChain *head, *current, *point;
	int x, y, iStrLen; //显示列的开始显示的x,y坐标,iStrLen是这个列的长度 
	int iStopTimes, iMustStopTimes; //已经停滞的次数和必须停滞的次数,必须停滞的次数是随机的 
}CharColumn, *pCharColumn;

//main入口
int main(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
	PSTR szCmdLine, int iCmdShow)
{
	static TCHAR szAppName[] = TEXT("matrix");
	HWND hwnd;
	MSG msg;
	WNDCLASS wndclass;

	wndclass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
	wndclass.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
	wndclass.cbClsExtra = 0;
	wndclass.cbWndExtra = 0;
	wndclass.hInstance = hInstance;
	wndclass.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
	wndclass.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
	wndclass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(BLACK_BRUSH);
	wndclass.lpszMenuName = NULL;
	wndclass.lpszClassName = szAppName;

	if (!RegisterClass(&wndclass))
	{
		MessageBox(NULL, TEXT("此程序必须运行在Windows下!"), szAppName, MB_ICONERROR);
		return 0;
	}

	hwnd = CreateWindow(szAppName, NULL,
		WS_DLGFRAME | WS_THICKFRAME | WS_POPUP,
		0, 0,
		GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXSCREEN), GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYSCREEN),
		NULL, NULL, hInstance,
		NULL);


	ShowWindow(hwnd, SW_SHOWMAXIMIZED); //最大化显示 
	UpdateWindow(hwnd);
	ShowCursor(FALSE); //隐藏鼠标光标 

	srand((int)GetCurrentTime()); //初始化随机数发生器 
	while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
	{
		TranslateMessage(&msg);
		DispatchMessage(&msg);
	}
	ShowCursor(TRUE); //显示鼠标光标 
	return msg.wParam;
}

//随机字符产生函数 
TCHAR randomChar() 
{
	return (TCHAR)(rand() % (126 - 33) + 33); //33到126之间 
}

//初始化 
int init(CharColumn *cc, int cyScreen, int x) 
{
	int j;
	cc->iStrLen = rand() % (STRMAXLEN - STRMINLEN) + STRMINLEN; //显示列的长度 
	cc->x = x + 3; //显示列的开始显示的x坐标 
	cc->y = rand() % 3 ? rand() % cyScreen : 0; //显示列的开始显示的y坐标 
	cc->iMustStopTimes = rand() % 6;
	cc->iStopTimes = 0;
	cc->head = cc->current =
		(pCharChain)calloc(cc->iStrLen, sizeof(CharChain)); //生成显示列 
	for (j = 0; j < cc->iStrLen - 1; j++)
	{
		cc->current->prev = cc->point; //cc->point一个显示列的前个元素 
		cc->current->ch = '\0';
		cc->current->next = cc->current + 1; //cc->current+1一个显示列的后个元素 
		cc->point = cc->current++; //cc->point = cc->current; cc->current++; 
	}
	cc->current->prev = cc->point; //最后一个节点 
	cc->current->ch = '\0';
	cc->current->next = cc->head;
	cc->head->prev = cc->current; //头节点的前一个为此链的最后一个元素 

	cc->current = cc->point = cc->head; //free掉申请的内存要用current当参数 
	cc->head->ch = randomChar(); // 对链表头的 元素填充 
	return 0;
}


LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
	HDC hdc;
	//ctn 用来确定一个显示链是否 向下前进,如果等待次数超过必须等待的次数,ctn就代表要向下前进 
	int i, j, temp, ctn; //j为一个显示链中除链表头外的在屏幕上显示的y坐标,temp绿色过度到黑色之用 
	static HDC hdcMem;
	HFONT hFont;
	static HBITMAP hBitmap;
	static int cxScreen, cyScreen; //屏幕的宽度 高度. 
	static int iFontWidth = 10, iFontHeight = 15, iColumnCount; //字体的宽度 高度, 列数 
	static CharColumn *ccChain;

	switch (message)
	{
	case WM_CREATE:
		cxScreen = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXSCREEN); //屏幕宽度 
		cyScreen = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYSCREEN);	//屏幕高度
		SetTimer(hwnd, ID_TIMER, 10, NULL);

		hdc = GetDC(hwnd);
		hdcMem = CreateCompatibleDC(hdc);
		hBitmap = CreateCompatibleBitmap(hdc, cxScreen, cyScreen);
		SelectObject(hdcMem, hBitmap);
		ReleaseDC(hwnd, hdc);
		//创建字体 
		hFont = CreateFont(iFontHeight, iFontWidth - 5, 0, 0, FW_BOLD, 0, 0, 0,
			DEFAULT_CHARSET, OUT_DEFAULT_PRECIS, CLIP_DEFAULT_PRECIS,
			DRAFT_QUALITY, FIXED_PITCH | FF_SWISS, TEXT("Fixedsys"));
		SelectObject(hdcMem, hFont);
		DeleteObject(hFont);
		SetBkMode(hdcMem, TRANSPARENT); //设置背景模式为 透明 
		iColumnCount = cxScreen / (iFontWidth * 3 / 2); //屏幕所显示字母雨的列数 


		ccChain = (pCharColumn)calloc(iColumnCount, sizeof(CharColumn));
		for (i = 0; i < iColumnCount; i++)
		{
			init(ccChain + i, cyScreen, (iFontWidth * 3 / 2)*i);
		}
		return 0;


	case WM_TIMER:
		hdc = GetDC(hwnd);
		PatBlt(hdcMem, 0, 0, cxScreen, cyScreen, BLACKNESS); //将内存设备映像刷成黑色 
		for (i = 0; i < iColumnCount; i++)
		{
			ctn = (ccChain + i)->iStopTimes++ > (ccChain + i)->iMustStopTimes;
			// 
			(ccChain + i)->point = (ccChain + i)->head; //point用于遍历整个显示列 


			//第一个字符显示为 白色 
			SetTextColor(hdcMem, RGB(255, 255, 255));
			TextOut(hdcMem, (ccChain + i)->x, (ccChain + i)->y, &((ccChain + i)->point->ch), 1);
			j = (ccChain + i)->y;
			(ccChain + i)->point = (ccChain + i)->point->next;
			//遍历整个显示列,将这个显示列里的字符从下往上显示 
			temp = 0; //temp绿色过度到黑色之用 
			while ((ccChain + i)->point != (ccChain + i)->head && (ccChain + i)->point->ch)
			{
				SetTextColor(hdcMem, RGB(0, 255 - (255 * (temp++) / (ccChain + i)->iStrLen), 0));
				TextOut(hdcMem, (ccChain + i)->x, j -= iFontHeight, &((ccChain + i)->point->ch), 1);
				(ccChain + i)->point = (ccChain + i)->point->next;
			}
			if (ctn)
				(ccChain + i)->iStopTimes = 0;
			else continue;
			(ccChain + i)->y += iFontHeight; //下次开始显示的y坐标 为当前的y坐标加上 一个字符的高度 
			//如果开始显示的y坐标减去 整个显示列的长度超过了屏幕的高度 
			if ((ccChain + i)->y - (ccChain + i)->iStrLen*iFontHeight > cyScreen)
			{
				free((ccChain + i)->current);
				init(ccChain + i, cyScreen, (iFontWidth * 3 / 2)*i);
			}
			//链表的头 为此链表的前个元素,因为下次开始显示的时候 就相当与在整个显示列的开头添加个元素,然后在开始往上显示 
			(ccChain + i)->head = (ccChain + i)->head->prev;
			(ccChain + i)->head->ch = randomChar();
		}


		BitBlt(hdc, 0, 0, cxScreen, cyScreen, hdcMem, 0, 0, SRCCOPY);
		ReleaseDC(hwnd, hdc);
		return 0;


	case WM_RBUTTONDOWN:
		KillTimer(hwnd, ID_TIMER);
		return 0;


	case WM_RBUTTONUP:
		SetTimer(hwnd, ID_TIMER, 10, NULL);
		return 0;


	//处理善后工作 
	case WM_KEYDOWN:
	case WM_LBUTTONDOWN:
	case WM_DESTROY:
		KillTimer(hwnd, ID_TIMER);
		DeleteObject(hBitmap);
		DeleteDC(hdcMem);
		for (i = 0; i < iColumnCount; i++)
		{
			free((ccChain + i)->current);
		}
		free(ccChain);
		PostQuitMessage(0);
		return 0;
	}
	return DefWindowProc(hwnd, message, wParam, lParam);
}

/*
			  /\
			/_/\_\
		  /_/_/\_\_\
		/_/_/_/\_\_\_\
			/_/\_\
		  /_/_/\_\_\
		/_/_/_/\_\_\_\
	  /_/_/_/_/\_\_\_\_\
	/_/_/_/_/_/\_\_\_\_\_\
		  /_/_/\_\_\
		/_/_/_/\_\_\_\
	  /_/_/_/_/\_\_\_\_\
	/_/_/_/_/_/\_\_\_\_\_\
  /_/_/_/_/_/_/\_\_\_\_\_\_\
/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\
			 [__]
*/
//满天星测试程序
#include<iostream>
#include<time.h>
#include<Windows.h>	//windows api
using namespace std;

template <typename T>	//STL

//输入
void input(T &t)
{
	char c;
	cin.get(c);
	if (c != '\n')	//回车即默认
	{
		cin.putback(c);
		cin >> t;
		while (cin.get() != '\n');
	}
}

//树状
void tree(char photo[], int kd, int h, int l, int n)
{
	photo[h * kd + 2 + l] = '/';
	photo[h * kd + 3 + l] = '\\';
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
	{
		photo[h * kd + l + 1 - 2 * i] = '_';
		photo[h * kd + l + 0 - 2 * i] = '/';
	}
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
	{
		photo[h * kd + l + 4 + 2 * i] = '_';
		photo[h * kd + l + 5 + 2 * i] = '\\';
	}

}

//main入口
int main()
{
	//初始化值
	int sl = 1000, de = 8, pl = 50, ph = 24, treeco = 10, kd = 100, gd = 30;
	srand(time(NULL));

	CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO csbi;
	int ret;
	HANDLE stdouthwnd = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
	ret = GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(stdouthwnd, &csbi);
	if (ret)
	{
		kd = csbi.dwSize.X - 1;
		//gd = csbi.dwSize.Y;
	}
	pl = kd / 2;
	ph = gd - 16;
	cout << "in put print width(default " << kd << "):";
	input<int>(kd);
	cout << "in put print height(default " << gd << "):";
	input<int>(gd);
	cout << "in put tree color(30-37,default " << treeco << "):";
	input<int>(treeco);
	if (treeco > 15 || treeco < 0)
	{
		cout << "tree color in put error,default is 10(green)" << endl;
		treeco = 10;
	}
	cout << "in put refresh cycke(1000 = 1second,default " << sl << "):";
	input<int>(sl);
	cout << "in put tree left blank(default " << pl << "):";
	input<int>(pl);
	cout << "in put tree above blank(default " << ph << "):";
	input<int>(ph);
	cout << "in put star density(default " << de << "):";
	input<int>(de);
	char *photo = new char[kd * gd];
	const char * EscOut = "Press ESC key to push out";
	COORD pos;
	pos.X = 0;
	pos.Y = 0;
	while (1)
	{
		SetConsoleCursorPosition(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE), pos);
		//cout << "\033[0;0H";
		//rand *
		for (int i = 0; i < kd * gd; i++)
		{
			if (i < 25)
			{
				photo[i] = EscOut[i];
			}
			else
			{
				if (rand() % de == 0)
					photo[i] = '*';
				else
					photo[i] = ' ';
			}
		}

		//tree
		for (int i = 0; i < 15; i++)
		{
			int temp = i;
			if (i > 3)
				temp -= 2;
			if (i > 8)
				temp -= 3;
			tree(photo, kd, i + ph, pl, temp);
		}
		photo[(ph + 15) * kd + pl + 1] = '[';
		photo[(ph + 15) * kd + pl + 2] = '_';
		photo[(ph + 15) * kd + pl + 3] = '_';
		photo[(ph + 15) * kd + pl + 4] = ']';
		//out 
		for (int i = 0; i < gd; i++)
		{
			for (int j = 0; j < kd; j++)
			{
				if (photo[i * kd + j] == '*')
				{
					SetConsoleTextAttribute(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE), rand() % 16);
					cout << photo[i * kd + j];
					//cout << "\033[" << rand() % 8 + 30 << "m" << photo[i * kd + j];
				}
				else
				{
					SetConsoleTextAttribute(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE), treeco);
					cout << photo[i * kd + j];
					//cout << "\033[" << treeco << "m" << photo[i * kd + j];
				}

			}
			if (i < gd - 1)
				cout << endl;
		}
		SetConsoleTextAttribute(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE), FOREGROUND_INTENSITY | FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_GREEN | FOREGROUND_BLUE);
		if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_ESCAPE))
			break;
		Sleep(sl);
		if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_ESCAPE))
			break;
	}
	delete[] photo;
	return 0;
}

/*
**C++实现简单贪吃snake**
实现贪吃snake的步骤：
1.绘制地图
2.画snake
3.移动
*/
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<windows.h>
#include<iostream>
#include<conio.h>
#define random(x) (rand()%x)
using namespace std;

int **map;
char c = 0;
int sign = 0;

char check_snake(char c);

struct snake {
	int i;
	int j;
	struct snake *next;
};

struct snake *generateSnake() {
	struct snake *s;
	s = (struct snake*)malloc(sizeof(struct snake));
	struct snake *p = s;
	int x[6] = { 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 5 };
	int y[6] = { 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 4 };
	for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
		struct snake *node; //节点
		node = (struct snake*)malloc(sizeof(struct snake));
		p->next = node;
		p = p->next;
		p->i = x[i];
		p->j = y[i];
	}
	p->next = NULL;
	return s;
}  // 设置snake的长度和初始位置

void gotoxy(int x, int y)
{
	COORD Position;
	Position.X = x;
	Position.Y = y;
	//调用API改变字体位置
	SetConsoleCursorPosition(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE), Position);
}

// 绘制地图
void draw_map(int **map, int height, int weight) {

	for (int i = 0; i < height; ++i) {
		for (int j = 0; j < weight; ++j) {
			if (i == 0 || i == height - 1) {  // 表示在第一层和最后一层  
				map[i][j] = 1;  // 四边形的四边作为墙，强我们用1表示，表示位置已占
			}
			else if (j == 0 || j == weight - 1) { // 表示在最左层和最右层
				map[i][j] = 1;
			}
			else {
				map[i][j] = 0; // 除墙以外其他位置为0 表示该位置为空
			}
		}
		cout << "\n";
	}
	return;
}
// 图形形状
void draw(int **map, int *star, int height, int weight) {
	system("cls");//清空屏幕
	gotoxy(0, 0);
	for (int i = 0; i < height; ++i) {
		for (int j = 0; j < weight; ++j) {
			if (map[i][j] == 1) {
				cout << "■";
			}
			else if (map[i][j] == 2)
			{
				cout << "●";
			}
			else if (i == star[0] && j == star[1])
			{
				cout << "★";
			}
			else {
				cout << "□";
			}
		}
		cout << '\n';
	}
	return;
}

// 画snake
void drawSnake(int **map, struct snake *s) {
	struct snake *p = s->next;
	map[p->i][p->j] = 2;	// snake头
	p = p->next;
	while (p) {
		map[p->i][p->j] = 1;
		p = p->next;
	}
	return;
}

//画star
void draw_star(int **map, int *star, int height, int weight) {
	int sum = 0; // 空格子的个数
	int index = 0; // 剩下的格子

	// 算出空格子的个数
	for (int i = 0; i < height; ++i) {
		for (int j = 0; j < weight; ++j) {
			if (map[i][j] == 0)
			{
				sum += 1;
			}
		}
	}
	index = random(sum) + 1; // 在1到sum 中随机的位置生成星星
	//生成星星
	for (int i = 0; i < height; ++i) {
		for (int j = 0; j < weight; ++j) {
			if (map[i][j] == 0) {
				index -= 1;
			}
			if (index == 0) {
				star[0] = i;
				star[1] = j;
				return;
			}
		}
	}
	return;
}

//状态更新
void update_snake(char c, struct snake *s, int *star) {
	snake *newsnake;
	newsnake = (snake*)malloc(sizeof(snake));
	if (c == 'w') {
		// 相当于在s 头插一个新节点
		newsnake->i = s->next->i - 1;
		newsnake->j = s->next->j;

		if (map[newsnake->i][newsnake->j] == 1) {
			// 头插的节点的位置 原本 map[i][j] == 1 表示该位置是墙或者是snake身了
			sign = 3;
		}
		else if (newsnake->i == star[0] && newsnake->j == star[1]) {
			newsnake->next = s->next;
			s->next = newsnake;
			struct  snake *q = s;
			while (q->next->next != NULL) {
				gotoxy(q->i, q->j);
				printf("■");  // 恢复snake身
				q = q->next;
			}
			sign = 2;
		}
		else {
			newsnake->next = s->next;
			s->next = newsnake;
			struct  snake *q = s;
			while (q->next->next != NULL) {
				gotoxy(q->i, q->j);
				printf("■");
				q = q->next;
			}
			gotoxy(q->i, q->j);
			printf("■");
			map[q->next->i][q->next->j] = 0;
			free(q->next);
			q->next = NULL;
		}
	}
	else if (c == 's') {
		newsnake->i = s->next->i + 1;
		newsnake->j = s->next->j;
		if (map[newsnake->i][newsnake->j] == 1) {
			sign = 3;
		}
		if (newsnake->i == star[0] && newsnake->j == star[1]) {
			newsnake->next = s->next;
			s->next = newsnake;
			struct  snake *q = s;
			while (q->next->next != NULL) {
				gotoxy(q->i, q->j);
				printf("■");
				q = q->next;
			}
			sign = 2;
		}
		else {
			newsnake->next = s->next;
			s->next = newsnake;
			struct  snake *q = s;
			while (q->next->next != NULL) {
				gotoxy(q->i, q->j);
				printf("■");
				q = q->next;
			}
			gotoxy(q->i, q->j);
			printf("■");
			map[q->next->i][q->next->j] = 0;
			free(q->next);
			q->next = NULL;
		}
	}
	else if (c == 'a') {
		newsnake->i = s->next->i;
		newsnake->j = s->next->j - 1;
		if (map[newsnake->i][newsnake->j] == 1) {
			sign = 3;
		}
		if (newsnake->i == star[0] && newsnake->j == star[1]) {
			newsnake->next = s->next;
			s->next = newsnake;
			struct  snake *q = s;
			while (q->next->next != NULL) {
				gotoxy(q->i, q->j);
				printf("■");
				q = q->next;
			}
			sign = 2;
		}
		else {
			newsnake->next = s->next;
			s->next = newsnake;
			struct  snake *q = s;
			while (q->next->next != NULL) {
				gotoxy(q->i, q->j);
				printf("■");
				q = q->next;
			}
			gotoxy(q->i, q->j);
			printf("■");
			map[q->next->i][q->next->j] = 0;
			free(q->next);
			q->next = NULL;
		}
	}
	else {
		newsnake->i = s->next->i;
		newsnake->j = s->next->j + 1;
		if (map[newsnake->i][newsnake->j] == 1) {
			sign = 3;
		}
		if (newsnake->i == star[0] && newsnake->j == star[1]) {
			newsnake->next = s->next;
			s->next = newsnake;
			struct  snake *q = s;
			while (q->next->next != NULL) {
				gotoxy(q->i, q->j);
				printf("■");
				q = q->next;
			}
			sign = 2;
		}
		else {
			newsnake->next = s->next;
			s->next = newsnake;
			struct  snake *q = s;
			while (q->next->next != NULL) {
				gotoxy(q->i, q->j);
				printf("■");
				q = q->next;
			}
			gotoxy(q->i, q->j);
			printf("■");
			map[q->next->i][q->next->j] = 0;
			free(q->next);
			q->next = NULL;
		}
	}
}

// snake 移动方向
// 上 119 wd
// 下 115 s
// 左 97  a
// 右 100 d
void action_snake(struct snake *s, int *star) {
	switch (c)
	{
		//向上
	case 'w':
		update_snake(c, s, star);
		break;
		//向下
	case 's':
		update_snake(c, s, star);
		break;
		//向左
	case 'a':
		update_snake(c, s, star);
		break;
		//向右
	case 'd':
		update_snake(c, s, star);
		break;
	}
}

//检查snake状态
void check_snake() {
	DWORD time = 500; // 1表示一毫秒 1000表示一秒  要改变速度可以修改time的时间
	DWORD time_start = GetTickCount();  // 获取当前时间
	char t;
	while (true) {
		if (_kbhit()) {
			char ch = _getch(); // 当前键位
			if (ch == 97 || ch == 100 || ch == 115 || ch == 119) {
				t = ch;
				if (t == 97 && c == 'd')
				{
					c = 'd';
				}
				else if (t == 100 && c == 'a') {
					c = 'a';
				}
				else if (t == 115 && c == 'w') {
					c = 'w';
				}
				else if (t == 119 && c == 's') {
					c = 's';
				}
				else {
					c = ch;
				}
			}
		}
		DWORD time_end = GetTickCount(); // 获取键位后的时间
		if (time_end - time_start > time) {
			time_start = time_end;
			break;
		}
	}
	return;
}

int main() {
	//地图参数
	int height = 40; // 地图高度  map.height = 20
	int weight = 40; // 地图宽度  map.weight = 20

	struct snake *s = generateSnake();
	map = (int **)malloc(sizeof(int*)*height);
	for (int i = 0; i < height; ++i) {
		map[i] = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int)*weight);
	}
	draw_map(map, height, weight);	//画地图
	drawSnake(map, s);	//画snake
	int star[2] = { 0,0 };
	draw_star(map, star, height, weight);	//画star
	draw(map, star, height, weight);
	//进入死循环
	while (1) {
		if (sign == 3) {
			break;
		}
		check_snake();
		action_snake(s, star);

		draw_map(map, height, weight);
		drawSnake(map, s);
		if (sign == 2) {
			draw_star(map, star, height, weight);
			sign = 0;
		}
		draw(map, star, height, weight);
		gotoxy(0, 0);
	}

	system("cls");
	gotoxy(height / 2, weight / 2);
	cout << "游戏结束 ";
	system("pause");

	return 0;
}