在软件开发和测试领域,HTTP性能测试是确保Web服务器稳定和高效运行的关键步骤。今天,给大家推荐一款基于Rust语言开发的开源HTTP性能测试工具——oha,凭借其出色的性能和炫酷的输出界面,在GitHub上脱颖而出赢得了6.7K Star的关注。
oha
是一款小巧而强大的测试工具,使用Rust语言编写,依托tokio和ratatui库,实现了高效且美观的测试界面。它可用于向Web应用发送负载,并实时显示带有TUI(Text User Interface)动画的测试结果。这款工具受到了rakyll/hey的启发,并在其基础上进行了改进和创新。
1、实时TUI显示:
2、灵活的配置选项:
3、支持HTTP/1和HTTP/2:
4、动态URL生成:
oha --rand-regex-url http://127.0.0.1/[a-z][a-z][0-9]
5、性能优化与结果分析:
6、跨平台支持:
oha的安装过程非常简单,用户可以通过cargo、Homebrew、winget等多种方式进行安装。安装完成后,用户可以通过命令行使用oha进行测试。
# Linux/macOS,使用Cargo安装(需要先安装Rust工具链)
cargo install oha
# 使用Homebrew安装(适用于macOS)
brew install oha
# Windows,使用winget安装
winget install hatoo.oha
安装完成后,你可以运行基本测试,比如发送100个请求到目标URL:
oha -n 100 https://127.0.0.1:5000
如果你想设置并发连接数为50,可以这样做:
oha -c 50 https://127.0.0.1:5000
或者,如果你想运行持续时间为30秒的测试:
oha -z 30s https://127.0.0.1:5000
当然,这样参数也可以组合使用,例如,要发送100个请求,并发数为50,持续时间30s,可以使用以下命令:
oha -n 200 -c 50 -z 30s https://127.0.0.1:5000
执行完成后,oha能够实时显示请求的发送数量、响应时间、错误率等关键指标,让你对系统的性能表现一目了然。
此外,用户还可以根据需要配置其他选项,如指定HTTP方法、自定义HTTP头、设置请求超时等。
更多参数用法,可参考:
Usage: oha [OPTIONS] <URL>
Arguments:
<URL> Target URL.
Options:
-n <N_REQUESTS>
Number of requests to run. [default: 200]
-c <N_CONNECTIONS>
Number of connections to run concurrently. You may should increase limit to number of open files for larger `-c`. [default: 50]
-p <N_HTTP2_PARALLEL>
Number of parallel requests to send on HTTP/2. `oha` will run c * p concurrent workers in total. [default: 1]
-z <DURATION>
Duration of application to send requests. If duration is specified, n is ignored.
On HTTP/1, When the duration is reached, ongoing requests are aborted and counted as "aborted due to deadline"
You can change this behavior with `-w` option.
Currently, on HTTP/2, When the duration is reached, ongoing requests are waited. `-w` option is ignored.
Examples: -z 10s -z 3m.
-w, --wait-ongoing-requests-after-deadline
When the duration is reached, ongoing requests are waited
-q <QUERY_PER_SECOND>
Rate limit for all, in queries per second (QPS)
--burst-delay <BURST_DURATION>
Introduce delay between a predefined number of requests.
Note: If qps is specified, burst will be ignored
--burst-rate <BURST_REQUESTS>
Rates of requests for burst. Default is 1
Note: If qps is specified, burst will be ignored
--rand-regex-url
Generate URL by rand_regex crate but dot is disabled for each query e.g. http://127.0.0.1/[a-z][a-z][0-9]. Currently dynamic scheme, host and port with keep-alive do not work well. See https://docs.rs/rand_regex/latest/rand_regex/struct.Regex.html for details of syntax.
--max-repeat <MAX_REPEAT>
A parameter for the '--rand-regex-url'. The max_repeat parameter gives the maximum extra repeat counts the x*, x+ and x{n,} operators will become. [default: 4]
--dump-urls <DUMP_URLS>
Dump target Urls <DUMP_URLS> times to debug --rand-regex-url
--latency-correction
Correct latency to avoid coordinated omission problem. It's ignored if -q is not set.
--no-tui
No realtime tui
-j, --json
Print results as JSON
--fps <FPS>
Frame per second for tui. [default: 16]
-m, --method <METHOD>
HTTP method [default: GET]
-H <HEADERS>
Custom HTTP header. Examples: -H "foo: bar"
-t <TIMEOUT>
Timeout for each request. Default to infinite.
-A <ACCEPT_HEADER>
HTTP Accept Header.
-d <BODY_STRING>
HTTP request body.
-D <BODY_PATH>
HTTP request body from file.
-T <CONTENT_TYPE>
Content-Type.
-a <BASIC_AUTH>
Basic authentication, username:password
-x <PROXY>
HTTP proxy
--proxy-http-version <PROXY_HTTP_VERSION>
HTTP version to connect to proxy. Available values 0.9, 1.0, 1.1, 2.
--proxy-http2
Use HTTP/2 to connect to proxy. Shorthand for --proxy-http-version=2
--http-version <HTTP_VERSION>
HTTP version. Available values 0.9, 1.0, 1.1, 2.
--http2
Use HTTP/2. Shorthand for --http-version=2
--host <HOST>
HTTP Host header
--disable-compression
Disable compression.
-r, --redirect <REDIRECT>
Limit for number of Redirect. Set 0 for no redirection. Redirection isn't supported for HTTP/2. [default: 10]
--disable-keepalive
Disable keep-alive, prevents re-use of TCP connections between different HTTP requests. This isn't supported for HTTP/2.
--no-pre-lookup
*Not* perform a DNS lookup at beginning to cache it
--ipv6
Lookup only ipv6.
--ipv4
Lookup only ipv4.
--insecure
Accept invalid certs.
--connect-to <CONNECT_TO>
Override DNS resolution and default port numbers with strings like 'example.org:443:localhost:8443'
--disable-color
Disable the color scheme.
--unix-socket <UNIX_SOCKET>
Connect to a unix socket instead of the domain in the URL. Only for non-HTTPS URLs.
--stats-success-breakdown
Include a response status code successful or not successful breakdown for the time histogram and distribution statistics
--db-url <DB_URL>
Write succeeded requests to sqlite database url E.G test.db
--debug
Perform a single request and dump the request and response
-h, --help
Print help
-V, --version
Print version
总之,oha
作为一款 Rust 开源 HTTP 性能测试工具,以其强大的功能、易用的特性、高效可靠的性能,为广大开发者和测试人员提供了一个出色的 HTTP 性能测试工具。
无论是在项目开发的初期进行性能预估,还是在上线前进行压力测试,亦或是在日常运维中对系统性能进行监控和优化,oha 都将是您手中的得力助手。
如果你正在寻找一款能够帮助你提升Web服务性能的测试工具,不妨试试oha,它可能会给你带来意想不到的惊喜。
项目开源地址:https://github.com/hatoo/oha