Python抽象类完整教程 - 从入门到精通 | Python面向对象编程指南

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from abc import ABC, abstractmethod

class Shape(ABC):
    @abstractmethod
    def area(self):
        """计算形状的面积"""
        pass
    
    @abstractmethod
    def perimeter(self):
        """计算形状的周长"""
        pass
    
    def description(self):
        """返回形状的描述（具体方法）"""
        return "这是一个几何形状"

class Circle(Shape):
    def __init__(self, radius):
        self.radius = radius
    
    def area(self):
        return 3.14 * self.radius ** 2
    
    def perimeter(self):
        return 2 * 3.14 * self.radius
    
    # 可以重写具体方法
    def description(self):
        return f"这是一个半径为{self.radius}的圆形"

# 使用示例
circle = Circle(5)
print(circle.area())       # 输出: 78.5
print(circle.perimeter())  # 输出: 31.400000000000002
print(circle.description())# 输出: 这是一个半径为5的圆形

class Rectangle(Shape):
    def __init__(self, width, height):
        self.width = width
        self.height = height
    
    def area(self):
        return self.width * self.height
    
    def perimeter(self):
        return 2 * (self.width + self.height)

# 使用示例
rect = Rectangle(4, 5)
print(rect.area())        # 输出: 20
print(rect.perimeter())   # 输出: 18
print(rect.description()) # 输出: 这是一个几何形状（使用基类实现）

from abc import ABC, abstractmethod

class Animal(ABC):
    @property
    @abstractmethod
    def diet(self):
        """动物的饮食类型"""
        pass
    
    @abstractmethod
    def make_sound(self):
        pass

class Lion(Animal):
    @property
    def diet(self):
        return "肉食"
    
    def make_sound(self):
        return "吼！"

# 使用示例
lion = Lion()
print(lion.diet)        # 输出: 肉食
print(lion.make_sound()) # 输出: 吼！

class Flyer(ABC):
    @abstractmethod
    def fly(self):
        pass

class Swimmer(ABC):
    @abstractmethod
    def swim(self):
        pass

class Duck(Flyer, Swimmer):
    def fly(self):
        return "鸭子飞翔"
    
    def swim(self):
        return "鸭子游泳"

# 使用示例
duck = Duck()
print(duck.fly())   # 输出: 鸭子飞翔
print(duck.swim())  # 输出: 鸭子游泳