北京百思可瑞教育：Spring Boot 核心功能代码集（2025年最新版）

原创

用户1162104

发布于 2025-08-22 16:32:09

2700

Spring Boot 核心功能代码集（2025年最新版）

一、项目初始化

<!-- pom.xml 基础配置 -->
<parent>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
    <version>3.2.0</version>
</parent>

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

二、核心功能模块

1. Web开发

REST API示例

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api")
public class UserController {
    
    @GetMapping("/users")
    public List<User> getAllUsers() {
        return userService.findAll();
    }

    @PostMapping("/users")
    public ResponseEntity<User> createUser(@RequestBody User user) {
        return ResponseEntity.ok(userService.save(user));
    }
}

异常处理

@ControllerAdvice
public class GlobalExceptionHandler {
    
    @ExceptionHandler(DataAccessException.class)
    @ResponseBody
    public ResponseEntity<ErrorDetail> handleDataAccess(DataAccessException ex) {
        return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR)
                .body(new ErrorDetail("DB_ERROR", ex.getMessage()));
    }
}

2. 数据持久化

JPA实体类

@Entity
@Table(name = "users")
public class User {
    
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private Long id;
    
    @Column(nullable = false, unique = true)
    private String username;
    
    @Column(nullable = false)
    private String email;
}

多数据源配置

@Configuration
public class DataSourceConfig {
    
    @Bean
    @Primary
    @ConfigurationProperties("app.datasource.primary")
    public DataSource primaryDataSource() {
        return DataSourceBuilder.create().build();
    }
    
    @Bean
    @ConfigurationProperties("app.datasource.secondary")
    public DataSource secondaryDataSource() {
        return DataSourceBuilder.create().build();
    }
}

3. 安全配置

Spring Security配置

@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
public class SecurityConfig {
    
    @Bean
    public SecurityFilterChain securityFilterChain(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
        http
            .authorizeHttpRequests(auth -> auth
                .requestMatchers("/api/admin/**").hasRole("ADMIN")
                .requestMatchers("/api/user/**").hasRole("USER")
                .anyRequest().authenticated()
            )
            .formLogin(form -> form
                .loginPage("/login")
                .permitAll()
            )
            .logout(logout -> logout
                .logoutSuccessUrl("/")
            );
        return http.build();
    }
}

JWT认证过滤器

public class JwtAuthenticationFilter extends OncePerRequestFilter {
    
    @Override
    protected void doFilterInternal(HttpServletRequest request, 
                                    HttpServletResponse response,
                                    FilterChain filterChain) throws ServletException, IOException {
        String token = request.getHeader("Authorization");
        if (token != null && token.startsWith("Bearer ")) {
            String jwt = token.substring(7);
            Authentication auth = JwtTokenProvider.getAuthentication(jwt);
            SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(auth);
        }
        filterChain.doFilter(request, response);
    }
}

4. 微服务架构

服务注册与发现

# application.yml (Eureka Client)
eureka:
  client:
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
  instance:
    preferIpAddress: true

Feign客户端示例

@FeignClient(name = "product-service")
public interface ProductClient {
    
    @GetMapping("/products/{id}")
    Product getProductById(@PathVariable("id") Long id);
}

配置中心客户端

@RefreshScope
@Service
public class ConfigService {
    
    @Value("${app.config.message}")
    private String configMessage;
    
    public String getConfigMessage() {
        return configMessage;
    }
}

三、部署与运维

Dockerfile示例

FROM eclipse-temurin:21-jre
VOLUME /tmp
ADD target/*.jar app.jar
ENTRYPOINT ["java","-jar","/app.jar"]

Kubernetes部署配置

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: spring-boot-app
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: spring-boot-app
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: spring-boot-app
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: app
        image: myregistry/spring-boot-app:1.0.0
        ports:
        - containerPort: 8080

四、最佳实践

分层架构src/main/java ├── controller ├── service │ └── impl ├── repository ├── model └── config
性能优化# application.properties server.tomcat.max-threads=200 spring.datasource.hikari.maximum-pool-size=10
健康检查@Bean public HealthIndicator customHealthIndicator() { return () -> { try { // 自定义健康检查逻辑 return Health.up().build(); } catch (Exception e) { return Health.down().withException(e).build(); } }; }

五、测试方案

单元测试示例

@SpringBootTest
class UserServiceTest {
    
    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;
    
    @MockBean
    private UserRepository userRepository;
    
    @Test
    void whenFindUserById_thenReturnUser() {
        User expectedUser = new User(1L, "test", "test@example.com");
        when(userRepository.findById(1L)).thenReturn(Optional.of(expectedUser));
        
        User actualUser = userService.findById(1L);
        
        assertThat(actualUser).isEqualTo(expectedUser);
    }
}

集成测试配置

@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
public class ApplicationIntegrationTest {
    
    @LocalServerPort
    private int port;
    
    private RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();
    
    @Test
    public void testHealthEndpoint() {
        ResponseEntity<String> response = restTemplate.getForEntity("http://localhost:" + port + "/actuator/health", String.class);
        assertThat(response.getStatusCode()).isEqualTo(HttpStatus.OK);
    }
}

本代码集涵盖了Spring Boot开发中的核心场景，所有示例均基于Spring Boot 3.2.0版本验证通过。建议根据实际业务需求调整配置参数和业务逻辑。

原创声明：本文系作者授权腾讯云开发者社区发表，未经许可，不得转载。

如有侵权，请联系 cloudcommunity@tencent.com 删除。

spring