如何开发ERP（离散制造-MTO）系统中的财务管理板块（附架构图+流程图+代码参考）

class Invoice:
    def __init__(self, invoice_id, customer_id, amount, due_date):
        self.invoice_id = invoice_id
        self.customer_id = customer_id
        self.amount = amount
        self.due_date = due_date
        self.paid_amount = 0.0
    def record_payment(self, amount):
        """记录部分付款"""
        if amount <= self.amount - self.paid_amount:
            self.paid_amount += amount
            return True
        return False
    def is_paid(self):
        """检查发票是否已付清"""
        return self.paid_amount >= self.amount
class Payment:
    def __init__(self, payment_id, customer_id, amount, payment_date):
        self.payment_id = payment_id
        self.customer_id = customer_id
        self.amount = amount
        self.payment_date = payment_date
class AccountsReceivable:
    def __init__(self):
        self.invoices = {}  # invoice_id: Invoice
        self.payments = {}  # payment_id: Payment
        self.customer_invoices = {}  # customer_id: list of Invoice
    def add_invoice(self, invoice):
        """添加发票"""
        self.invoices[invoice.invoice_id] = invoice
        if invoice.customer_id not in self.customer_invoices:
            self.customer_invoices[invoice.customer_id] = []
        self.customer_invoices[invoice.customer_id].append(invoice)
    def add_payment(self, payment):
        """添加付款"""
        self.payments[payment.payment_id] = payment
    def match_payment(self, payment_id):
        """匹配付款与发票"""
        payment = self.payments[payment_id]
        # 查找该客户的所有未付清发票
        if payment.customer_id not in self.customer_invoices:
            return False
 
        # 按发票到期日顺序匹配
        un_paid_invoices = [inv for inv in self.customer_invoices[payment.customer_id] 
                           if not inv.is_paid()]
        un_paid_invoices.sort(key=lambda x: x.due_date)
 
        amount_left = payment.amount
        matched_invoices = []
 
        for invoice in un_paid_invoices:
            if amount_left <= 0:
                break
 
            # 如果付款金额大于等于发票剩余金额
            if amount_left >= invoice.amount - invoice.paid_amount:
                amount_to_pay = invoice.amount - invoice.paid_amount
                invoice.record_payment(amount_to_pay)
                amount_left -= amount_to_pay
                matched_invoices.append((invoice.invoice_id, amount_to_pay))
            else:
                invoice.record_payment(amount_left)
                matched_invoices.append((invoice.invoice_id, amount_left))
                amount_left = 0
 
        return matched_invoices
    def get_customer_balance(self, customer_id):
        """获取客户余额"""
        if customer_id not in self.customer_invoices:
            return 0.0
 
        total_due = sum(inv.amount for inv in self.customer_invoices[customer_id])
        total_paid = sum(inv.paid_amount for inv in self.customer_invoices[customer_id])
        return total_due - total_paid
    def get_overdue_invoices(self, days=30):
        """获取逾期发票"""
        from datetime import datetime, timedelta
        today = datetime.now()
        overdue_invoices = []
 
        for invoice in self.invoices.values():
            if not invoice.is_paid() and (today - invoice.due_date).days > days:
                overdue_invoices.append(invoice)
 
        return overdue_invoices
# 使用示例
if __name__ == "__main__":
    # 创建应收账款管理实例
    ar = AccountsReceivable()
 
    # 添加发票
    ar.add_invoice(Invoice("INV001", "CUST001", 5000, datetime(2023, 10, 1)))
    ar.add_invoice(Invoice("INV002", "CUST001", 3000, datetime(2023, 10, 15)))
 
    # 添加付款
    ar.add_payment(Payment("PAY001", "CUST001", 4000, datetime(2023, 10, 5)))
 
    # 匹配付款
    matched = ar.match_payment("PAY001")
    print("匹配结果:", matched)
 
    # 获取客户余额
    balance = ar.get_customer_balance("CUST001")
    print("客户余额:", balance)
 
    # 获取逾期发票
    overdue = ar.get_overdue_invoices(10)
    print("逾期发票:", [inv.invoice_id for inv in overdue])