图书系统的实现

景画

发布于 2025-12-19 13:49:14

460

一.图书系统概论

1.顾名思义，图书系统可以先从图书入手，图书系统的书肯定不止一本，所以要同时定义多组内容可以用数组

2.思考这么多图书该怎么高效利用，所以这时候书架应运而生

3.初始化的时候记得先标记元素个数，为后面做铺垫，即count = 3

4.图书系统又拥有用户，而用户又分为管理员和普通用户

5.用户有名字，不同用户系统又有系统菜单，这时候可以考虑动态绑定

6.这个时候你就会有个问题，什么时候用管理员菜单，什么时候用普通用户菜单？

答：设置按钮选择

7.return返回不同用户（name）后，用User来接收两个new的新对象，并且给父类User初始化

8.不同用户的操作面板不同，需要分别写出来，同时要给用户去选择功能，用choice去返回选择的值

9.接收到用户选择功能的值之后得实现不同的功能，这么多功能该怎么去整合呢？

答：接口可以作为数组帮我们实现

10.我们需要知道怎么样才能将我们的选择告知给编译器？以及定义功能类的时候操作哪个对象？

答：（1）将不同的选择作为下标，将接口里面的功能类做为数组元素来调用

（2）我们要操作的是书，而书作为数组又存储在书架当中，也要讲书架传给功能类

（3）两个用户对象都要调用这个fac方法，所以将这个方法定义在User中，又因为前面已经return了对应的用户，所以当前调用的也是选择的对象的接口当中的不同功能类

（4）我们要将不同功能定义在两种用户系统的构造方法中，这样当第一次选择身份时，也顺便创建了不同的功能类对象，初始值为null

11.想多次运行可以将选择器放到死循环当中，后期专门设置退出功能

二.功能的实现

1.查找功能介绍

（1）我们可以调用书架的元素个数来查找

（2）要注意，用户输入的是书名查找，而书名又是String字符串类型，又是引用类型，所以用equal 比较

（3）需要注意书架不是数组，要想获得书当中每个下标的具体值，需要调用一些方法，将i的值作为下标来查找具体书籍

（4）代码

package IO_libarary;

import library.Book;
import library.Booklist;

import java.util.Scanner;

/**
 * Created with IntelliJ IDEA.
 * Description:
 * User: 32309
 * Date: 2025-05-10
 * Time: 16:51
 */
public class FindBook implements IO{
    @Override
    public void fib (Booklist booklist) {
        System.out.println("查找书籍！");
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        String name = scanner.nextLine();//输入书名
        for (int i = 0; i < booklist.getCount(); i++) {
            Book book = booklist.getBooks(i);//用这个方法获取书架上的书，然后放到book里面
            if(book.getName().equals(name)) {
                System.out.println("成功找到 " + name);
                System.out.println(book);
                return;
            }
        }
        System.out.println("没有找到这本书！");
    }
}

2.展示书名的功能介绍

（1）遍历书整个这个数组

（2）代码

package IO_libarary;

import library.Book;
import library.Booklist;

/**
 * Created with IntelliJ IDEA.
 * Description:
 * User: 32309
 * Date: 2025-05-10
 * Time: 18:07
 */
public class ShowBook implements IO{
    @Override
    public void fib(Booklist booklist) {
        for (int i = 0; i < booklist.getCount(); i++) {
            Book book = booklist.getBooks(i);
            System.out.println(book);
        }
    }
}

3.添加书功能介绍

（1）首先用户选择这个功能的时候首先要进行判断书架是否满了，不能用户输完信息才提示

（2）满足条件后要一次按照（书名，坐着，类型，价格）进行赋值，为什么类型和价格要换位置输出呢，为了避免输入价格的时候自动读取回车键，导致类型是空的

（3）进行第二次判断，书架里有不能添加

（4）最后将书放到当前下标后，元素个数要+1，为下一个下标填写留出位置

（5）代码

package IO_libarary;

import library.Book;
import library.Booklist;

import java.util.Scanner;

/**
 * Created with IntelliJ IDEA.
 * Description:
 * User: 32309
 * Date: 2025-05-10
 * Time: 17:03
 */
public class AddBook implements IO{
    @Override
    public void fib (Booklist booklist) {
        //首先判断书架满了没有
        if(booklist.getCount() == booklist.getBook().length) {
            System.out.println("书架已经满了，不能再放！");
            return;
        }
        System.out.println("添加图书");
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("请输入你要添加书的名字");
        String name = scanner.nextLine();
        System.out.println("请输入你要添加书的作者");
        String author = scanner.nextLine();
        System.out.println("请输入你要添加书的类型");
        String type = scanner.nextLine();
        System.out.println("请输入你要添加书的价格");
        int price = scanner.nextInt();
        Book newbook = new Book(name,author,price,type);
        for (int i = 0; i < booklist.getCount(); i++) {
            Book book = booklist.getBooks(i);
            //书架有的不能添加，添加过的不能添加
            if(book.getName().equals(name) == true) {
                System.out.println("抱歉书架已经有此书，不能重复添加！");
                return;
            }
        }
        booklist.setBooks(booklist.getCount(), newbook);//将新书放到当前下标位置，然后cout++
        booklist.setCount(booklist.getCount()+1);
    }
}

4.删除书功能介绍

（1）这里用的删除书的方法是覆盖前面的内容

（2）先找到要删除的书的书的下标

（3）每次删除后要进行元素下标减1

（4）没找到也要进行提示

（5）代码

package IO_libarary;

import library.Book;
import library.Booklist;

import java.util.Scanner;

/**
 * Created with IntelliJ IDEA.
 * Description:
 * User: 32309
 * Date: 2025-05-10
 * Time: 18:38
 */
public class DeleBook implements IO{
    @Override
    public void fib(Booklist booklist) {
        //删除图书，是覆盖前面位置的书
        System.out.println("请输入你要删除的图书名字");
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        String name = scanner.nextLine();
        int i = 0;
        for ( i = 0; i < booklist.getCount(); i++) {
            Book book = booklist.getBooks(i);
            //找到该图书的下标
            if(book.getName().equals(name)) {
                for (int j = i; j < booklist.getCount() - 1; j++) {
                    Book book1 = booklist.getBooks(j+1);
                    booklist.setBooks(j,book1);
                }
                //每次成功删除后就元素count减一
                System.out.println("恭喜你删除 "+ name +" 成功");
                booklist.setCount(booklist.getCount()-1);
                return;
            }
        }
        //if(i == booklist.getCount()) {
            System.out.println("抱歉，没有你要删除的书");
            //return;
        //}
    }
}

5.借阅书功能介绍

（1）判断完要借的名字相同时，要判断当前书是否被借出去了，防止重复借阅

（2）当状态时false时可以被借阅，同时将状态改为true

（3）同时要记得没找到书的是由有提示

（4）代码

package IO_libarary;

import library.Book;
import library.Booklist;

import java.util.Scanner;

/**
 * Created with IntelliJ IDEA.
 * Description:
 * User: 32309
 * Date: 2025-05-10
 * Time: 18:13
 */
public class BrowedBook implements IO{
    @Override
    public void fib (Booklist booklist) {
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("请输入你要借阅的图书名称");
        String name = scanner.nextLine();
        int i = 0;
        for ( i = 0; i < booklist.getCount(); i++) {
            Book book = booklist.getBooks(i);
            //先判断名字是否相等
            if(book.getName().equals(name)) {
                if (book.getLook() == true) {
                    //当显示true被借阅，不能重复借阅
                    System.out.println("对不起，该图书已经被借出去了！");
                    System.out.println(book);
                    return;
                }else {
                    //当显示false没有被借阅，可以借阅
                    book.setLook(true);
                    System.out.println("成功借阅 '" + name + "' ，该书状态已被更改");
                    System.out.println(book);
                    return;
                }
            }
        }
        if (i == booklist.getCount()) {
            System.out.println("抱歉书架上没有你要借阅的书！");
        }
    }
}

6.归还书的功能介绍

（1）归还时和借阅恰恰相反，状态是true就可以归还，同时状态改为false

（2）当状态为false时，说明没有被借出去

（3）同时循环走完时判断书架上有没有你要归还的书

（4）代码

package IO_libarary;

import library.Book;
import library.Booklist;

import java.util.Scanner;

/**
 * Created with IntelliJ IDEA.
 * Description:
 * User: 32309
 * Date: 2025-05-10
 * Time: 18:23
 */
public class ReturnBook implements IO{
    @Override
    public void fib (Booklist booklist) {
        System.out.println("请输入你要归还的图书");
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        String name = scanner.nextLine();
        for (int i = 0; i < booklist.getCount(); i++) {
            Book book = booklist.getBooks(i);
            if(book.getName().equals(name)) {
                //当显示true被借阅，可以归还
                if(book.getLook() == true) {
                    book.setLook(false);
                    System.out.println("成功归还 '" + name + "' ，该书状态已被更改");
                    System.out.println(book);
                    return;
                }else {
                    //当显示false没有被借阅，不可以归还
                    System.out.println("不能归还没有被借阅的书！");
                    return;
                }
            }
        }
        System.out.println("书架上没有你要归还的书");
    }
}

7.退出系统的功能

（1）上面我们将图书系统选择界面放到了死循环当中，所以要设置一个可以退出的功能

（2）直接运用编译器自带的工具包来进行退出

（3）代码

package IO_libarary;

import library.Booklist;

/**
 * Created with IntelliJ IDEA.
 * Description:
 * User: 32309
 * Date: 2025-05-10
 * Time: 18:10
 */
public class Exitbook implements IO{
    @Override
    public void fib(Booklist booklist) {
        System.out.println("退出图书馆系统成功！");
        System.exit(0);
    }
}

三.画图方式理解

四.所有代码

1.main包

package Main;

import Users.ConcolUser;
import Users.NomolUser;
import Users.User;
import library.Booklist;

import java.util.Scanner;

/**
 * Created with IntelliJ IDEA.
 * Description:
 * User: 32309
 * Date: 2025-05-10
 * Time: 16:23
 */
public class Main {
    public static User fanc() {
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("请输入你的姓名");
        String name = scanner.nextLine();
        System.out.println("请选择你的身份，1 ：管理员  2 ：普通用户");
        int choice = scanner.nextInt();
        if(choice == 1) {
            return new ConcolUser(name);
        }else {
            return new NomolUser(name);
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        User user = fanc();// 用User接受fanc方法

        Booklist booklist = new Booklist();//new一个新对象，调用构造方法初始化书籍
        while (true)
        {
            int choice = user.menu();//运用动态绑定，调用不同菜单}
            user.fac(choice, booklist);
        }
    }
}

2.Users用户包

（1）User

package Users;

import IO_libarary.IO;
import library.Booklist;

/**
 * Created with IntelliJ IDEA.
 * Description:
 * User: 32309
 * Date: 2025-05-10
 * Time: 16:28
 */
public abstract class User {
    protected String name;
      IO[] io;
    public User(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public abstract int menu();//创建抽象菜单
    public void fac(int choice, Booklist booklist) {
        io[choice].fib(booklist);
    }
}

（2）普通用户包NomolUser

package Users;

import IO_libarary.*;

import java.util.Scanner;

/**
 * Created with IntelliJ IDEA.
 * Description:
 * User: 32309
 * Date: 2025-05-10
 * Time: 16:28
 */
public class NomolUser extends User{
    public NomolUser(String name) {
        super(name);
        io = new IO[] {
          new Exitbook(),
          new FindBook(),
          new BrowedBook(),
          new ReturnBook()
        };
    }
    public int menu() {
        //普通用户菜单
        System.out.println("欢迎用户 " + name + " 来到图书馆");
        System.out.println("********普通用户菜单********");
        System.out.println("1.查找图书");
        System.out.println("2.借阅图书");
        System.out.println("3.归还图书");
        System.out.println("0.退出系统");
        System.out.println("**************************");
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("请输入你的选择");
        int choice = scanner.nextInt();
        return choice;
    }
}

（3）管理员包ConcolUser

package Users;

import IO_libarary.*;

import java.util.Scanner;

/**
 * Created with IntelliJ IDEA.
 * Description:
 * User: 32309
 * Date: 2025-05-10
 * Time: 16:28
 */
public class ConcolUser extends User{

    public ConcolUser(String name) {
        super(name);//给父类的name初始化
        io = new IO[] {
                new Exitbook(),
                new FindBook(),
                new AddBook(),
                new DeleBook(),
                new ShowBook(),
                new BrowedBook(),
                new ReturnBook()
        };
    }

    public int menu() { //管理员菜单
        System.out.println("欢迎管理员 " + name + " 来到图书馆");
        System.out.println("********管理员菜单********");
        System.out.println("1.查找图书");
        System.out.println("2.新增图书");
        System.out.println("3.删除图书");
        System.out.println("4.显示图书");
        System.out.println("5.借阅图书");
        System.out.println("6.归还图书");
        System.out.println("0.退出系统");
        System.out.println("************************");
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("请输入你的选择");
        int choice = scanner.nextInt();
        return choice;
    }
}

3.图书包library

（1）图书Book包

package library;

/**
 * Created with IntelliJ IDEA.
 * Description:
 * User: 32309
 * Date: 2025-05-10
 * Time: 16:06
 */
public class Book {
    private String name;//书名
    private String author;//坐着
    private int price;//价格
    private String type;//类型
    private boolean isLook;//状态

    public Book(String name, String author, int price, String type) {
        this.name = name;
        this.author = author;//写构造方法，创建书的类型
        this.price = price;
        this.type = type;

    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getAuthor() {
        return author;
    }

    public void setAuthor(String author) {
        this.author = author;
    }

    public int getPrice() {
        return price;
    }

    public void setPrice(int price) {
        this.price = price;
    }

    public String getType() {
        return type;
    }

    public void setType(String type) {
        this.type = type;
    }

    public boolean getLook() {
        return isLook;
    }

    public void setLook(boolean look) {
        isLook = look;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {   //重写toString方法，便于利用引用直接打印
        return "Book{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", author='" + author + '\'' +
                ", price=" + price +
                ", type='" + type + '\'' +
//                ", isLook=" + isLook +
                "，状态= " + //运用三目操作符来快速判定状态
                ((isLook == false) ? "未借出" : "已借出") +
                '}';
    }
}

（2）书架包Booklist

package library;

/**
 * Created with IntelliJ IDEA.
 * Description:
 * User: 32309
 * Date: 2025-05-10
 * Time: 16:16
 */
public class Booklist {
    Book[] books = new Book[10];
    private int count;
    public Booklist(){   //书架里面放书，定义一些书
        books[0] = new Book("三国演义","罗贯中",19,"小说");
        books[1] = new Book("查理九世","雷欧.幻像",20,"探险");
        books[2] = new Book("哈利波特.死亡圣器","罗琳",33,"奇幻");
        count = 3;
    }

    public Book getBooks(int pos) {//获取下标pos的书的信息
        //返回值是Book，代表返回的是下标为pos的书的信息
        return books[pos];
    }

    public void setBooks(int pos,Book book) {//将添加的新书放到下标pos里
        //同样你要的是将新new的书放入数组指定下标pos里，所以这里是Book，而前面new的的书不是数组，不能用Book[]
        this.books[pos] = book;
    }

    public int getCount() {//获取当前元素个数
        return count;
    }

    public void setCount(int count) {//设置当前元素个数
        this.count = count;
    }

    public Book[] getBook() {//为获取数组长度做准备，添加图书的时候用
        return books;
    }
}

4.各种功能包IO-library

（1）接口包IO

package IO_libarary;

import library.Booklist;

/**
 * Created with IntelliJ IDEA.
 * Description:
 * User: 32309
 * Date: 2025-05-10
 * Time: 16:49
 */
public interface IO {
    void fib (Booklist booklist);
}

（2）添加书包AddBook

package IO_libarary;

import library.Book;
import library.Booklist;

import java.util.Scanner;

/**
 * Created with IntelliJ IDEA.
 * Description:
 * User: 32309
 * Date: 2025-05-10
 * Time: 17:03
 */
public class AddBook implements IO{
    @Override
    public void fib (Booklist booklist) {
        //首先判断书架满了没有
        if(booklist.getCount() == booklist.getBook().length) {
            System.out.println("书架已经满了，不能再放！");
            return;
        }
        System.out.println("添加图书");
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("请输入你要添加书的名字");
        String name = scanner.nextLine();
        System.out.println("请输入你要添加书的作者");
        String author = scanner.nextLine();
        System.out.println("请输入你要添加书的类型");
        String type = scanner.nextLine();
        System.out.println("请输入你要添加书的价格");
        int price = scanner.nextInt();
        Book newbook = new Book(name,author,price,type);
        for (int i = 0; i < booklist.getCount(); i++) {
            Book book = booklist.getBooks(i);
            //书架有的不能添加，添加过的不能添加
            if(book.getName().equals(name) == true) {
                System.out.println("抱歉书架已经有此书，不能重复添加！");
                return;
            }
        }
        booklist.setBooks(booklist.getCount(), newbook);//将新书放到当前下标位置，然后cout++
        booklist.setCount(booklist.getCount()+1);
    }
}

（3）借阅书包BrowedBook

package IO_libarary;

import library.Book;
import library.Booklist;

import java.util.Scanner;

/**
 * Created with IntelliJ IDEA.
 * Description:
 * User: 32309
 * Date: 2025-05-10
 * Time: 18:13
 */
public class BrowedBook implements IO{
    @Override
    public void fib (Booklist booklist) {
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("请输入你要借阅的图书名称");
        String name = scanner.nextLine();
        int i = 0;
        for ( i = 0; i < booklist.getCount(); i++) {
            Book book = booklist.getBooks(i);
            //先判断名字是否相等
            if(book.getName().equals(name)) {
                if (book.getLook() == true) {
                    //当显示true被借阅，不能重复借阅
                    System.out.println("对不起，该图书已经被借出去了！");
                    System.out.println(book);
                    return;
                }else {
                    //当显示false没有被借阅，可以借阅
                    book.setLook(true);
                    System.out.println("成功借阅 '" + name + "' ，该书状态已被更改");
                    System.out.println(book);
                    return;
                }
            }
        }
        if (i == booklist.getCount()) {
            System.out.println("抱歉书架上没有你要借阅的书！");
        }
    }
}

（4）删除书包DeleBook

package IO_libarary;

import library.Book;
import library.Booklist;

import java.util.Scanner;

/**
 * Created with IntelliJ IDEA.
 * Description:
 * User: 32309
 * Date: 2025-05-10
 * Time: 18:38
 */
public class DeleBook implements IO{
    @Override
    public void fib(Booklist booklist) {
        //删除图书，是覆盖前面位置的书
        System.out.println("请输入你要删除的图书名字");
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        String name = scanner.nextLine();
        int i = 0;
        for ( i = 0; i < booklist.getCount(); i++) {
            Book book = booklist.getBooks(i);
            //找到该图书的下标
            if(book.getName().equals(name)) {
                for (int j = i; j < booklist.getCount() - 1; j++) {
                    Book book1 = booklist.getBooks(j+1);
                    booklist.setBooks(j,book1);
                }
                //每次成功删除后就元素count减一
                System.out.println("恭喜你删除 "+ name +" 成功");
                booklist.setCount(booklist.getCount()-1);
                return;
            }
        }
        if(i == booklist.getCount()) {
            System.out.println("抱歉，没有你要删除的书");
            return;
        }
    }
}

（5）退出系统包Exitbook

package IO_libarary;

import library.Booklist;

/**
 * Created with IntelliJ IDEA.
 * Description:
 * User: 32309
 * Date: 2025-05-10
 * Time: 18:10
 */
public class Exitbook implements IO{
    @Override
    public void fib(Booklist booklist) {
        System.out.println("退出图书馆系统成功！");
        System.exit(0);
    }
}

（6）查找书包FindBook

package IO_libarary;

import library.Book;
import library.Booklist;

import java.util.Scanner;

/**
 * Created with IntelliJ IDEA.
 * Description:
 * User: 32309
 * Date: 2025-05-10
 * Time: 16:51
 */
public class FindBook implements IO{
    @Override
    public void fib (Booklist booklist) {
        System.out.println("查找书籍！");
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        String name = scanner.nextLine();//输入书名
        for (int i = 0; i < booklist.getCount(); i++) {
            Book book = booklist.getBooks(i);//用这个方法获取书架上的书，然后放到book里面
            if(book.getName().equals(name)) {
                System.out.println("成功找到 " + name);
                System.out.println(book);
                return;
            }
        }
        System.out.println("没有找到这本书！");
    }
}

（7）归还书包ReturnBook

package IO_libarary;

import library.Book;
import library.Booklist;

import java.util.Scanner;

/**
 * Created with IntelliJ IDEA.
 * Description:
 * User: 32309
 * Date: 2025-05-10
 * Time: 18:23
 */
public class ReturnBook implements IO{
    @Override
    public void fib (Booklist booklist) {
        System.out.println("请输入你要归还的图书");
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        String name = scanner.nextLine();
        for (int i = 0; i < booklist.getCount(); i++) {
            Book book = booklist.getBooks(i);
            if(book.getName().equals(name)) {
                //当显示true被借阅，可以归还
                if(book.getLook() == true) {
                    book.setLook(false);
                    System.out.println("成功归还 '" + name + "' ，该书状态已被更改");
                    System.out.println(book);
                    return;
                }else {
                    //当显示false没有被借阅，不可以归还
                    System.out.println("不能归还没有被借阅的书！");
                    return;
                }
            }
        }
        System.out.println("书架上没有你要归还的书");
    }
}

（8）展示书的包ShowBook

package IO_libarary;

import library.Book;
import library.Booklist;

/**
 * Created with IntelliJ IDEA.
 * Description:
 * User: 32309
 * Date: 2025-05-10
 * Time: 18:07
 */
public class ShowBook implements IO{
    @Override
    public void fib(Booklist booklist) {
        for (int i = 0; i < booklist.getCount(); i++) {
            Book book = booklist.getBooks(i);
            System.out.println(book);
        }
    }
}