【C++】实现学生信息管理系统

SIMS.h  将学生等信息等从文件中读取出来以及其他操作，放入容器中，便于操作，不用一直对文件进行I/O.
Student.h  对学生进行的抽象，同样实现了>>的重载，便于文件读入，读出
Student（抽象基类）
├─ PrimaryStudent（小学生）
├─ MiddleStudent（中学生）
└─ Undergraduate（大学生）

#include <iostream>
#include "MiddleStudent.h"
#include "Undergraduate.h"
#include "Student.h"
#include <unordered_map>
#include<fstream>
#include<cstring>
#include<string>
#include <sstream>

using namespace std;

//unordered_map<string, Student>students;
unordered_map<string, Student*>students;

int main();

void showMenu();
void addSelect();
void init();
void search();
void showAll();
void updata();
void del();
void statistics();
int main()
{
	init();
	while (true)
	{
		showMenu();
		cout << "请输入您要使用的功能序号：" << endl;
		int choice;
		cin >> choice;
		switch (choice)
		{
		case 0:                   //添加功能
			addSelect();
			break;
		case 1:                   //搜索功能  
			search();
			break;
		case 2:                   //显示功能
			showAll();
			break;
		case 3:                   //修改功能
			updata();
			break;
		case 4:                   //删除功能
			del();
			break;
		case 5:                   //统计功能
			statistics();
			break;
		default:
			system("cls");       //cls的作用是清空屏幕的功能，使用户可以再次输入选项数字
			break;
		}
	}
	system("pause");             //使程序有一个暂停阻碍的功能，防止界面突然退出
	return 0;

	}

void showMenu()
{
	cout << "------------O.o  欢迎您使用学生信息管理系统  o.O------------" << endl;
	cout << "------------O.o  可用的功能编号如下 ：       o.O------------" << endl;
	cout << "------------O.o  0，添加学生信息功能         o.O------------" << endl;
	cout << "------------O.o  1，查找学生信息功能         o.O------------" << endl;
	cout << "------------O.o  2，显示所有学生记录         o.O------------" << endl;
	cout << "------------O.o  3，修改学生信息             o.O------------" << endl;
	cout << "------------O.o  4，删除学生信息             o.O------------" << endl;
	cout << "------------O.o  5，信息统计查看             o.O------------" << endl;
}

void addSelect()
{
	cout << "请问用户需要添加什么类型的学生信息：" << endl;
	cout << "0. 小学生" << endl;
	cout << "1. 中学生" << endl;
	cout << "2. 大学生" << endl;
	int type;
	cin >> type;
	if (type > 2 || type < 0)
	{
		cout << "无效的选项！" << endl;
	}
	else
	{
		string id, name, gender, className;
		cout << "请输入您要增加的学生的学号：" << endl;
		cin >> id;
		if (students.count(id) > 0)
		{
			cout << "数据添加重复并取消本次添加" << endl;
			return;
		}
		int age;
		cout << "请输入学生姓名：" << endl;
		cin >> name;

		cout << "请输入学生性别：" << endl;
		cin >> gender;

		cout << "请输入学生年龄：" << endl;
		cin >> age;

		cout << "请输入学生班级：" << endl;
		cin >> className;
		ofstream writeFile("students.txt", ios::app);
		if (type == 0)
		{
			int englishScore, mathScore, chineseScore;

			cout << "请输入学生英语成绩：" << endl;
			cin >> englishScore;

			cout << "请输入学生数学成绩：" << endl;
			cin >> mathScore;

			cout << "请输入学生语文成绩：" << endl;
			cin >> chineseScore;
			PrimaryStudent* student = new PrimaryStudent(id, name, gender,age, className, englishScore, mathScore, chineseScore);
			students[id] = student;
			writeFile <<endl<< student;
			writeFile.close();
			cout << "恭喜成功添加学生学号为" << id << "的小学生信息" << endl;
		}
		else if (type == 1)
		{
			int englishScore, mathScore, chineseScore;
			int geographyScore;     // 地理成绩
			int historyScore;       // 历史成绩
			string address;         // 家庭住址
			cout << "请输入学生英语成绩：" << endl;
			cin >> englishScore;

			cout << "请输入学生数学成绩：" << endl;
			cin >> mathScore;

			cout << "请输入学生语文成绩：" << endl;
			cin >> chineseScore;
			cout << "请输入学生地理成绩：" << endl;
			cin >> geographyScore;

			cout << "请输入学生历史成绩：" << endl;
			cin >> historyScore;

			cout << "请输入学生家庭住址：" << endl;
			cin >> address;
			MiddleStudent* student = new MiddleStudent(id, name, gender, age, className, englishScore, mathScore, chineseScore, 
										geographyScore, historyScore, address);
			students[id] = student;
			writeFile << endl << student;
			writeFile.close();
			cout << "恭喜成功添加学生学号为" << id << "的中学生信息" << endl;
		}
		else
		{
			string major;      // 专业
			string address;    // 家庭住址
			string phoneNumber;// 联系方式
			cout << "请输入学生专业："<<endl;
			cin >>major;
			cout << "请输入学生住址：" << endl;
			cin >> address;
			cout << "请输入学生联系方式：" << endl;
			cin >> phoneNumber;
			Undergraduate* student = new Undergraduate(id, name, gender, age, className, major, address, phoneNumber);
			students[id] = student;
			writeFile << endl << student;
			writeFile.close();
			cout << "恭喜成功添加学生学号为" << id << "的大学生信息" << endl;
		}
		}
	}

void init()
{
	ifstream readFile;
	readFile.open("students.txt");
	if (!readFile.is_open())
	{
		cout << "学生数据读取错误" << endl;
		readFile.close();
		return;
	}
	string line;
	while (getline(readFile, line)) {
		if (line.empty()) continue; // 跳过空行
		istringstream iss(line);
		if (line.find("Undergraduate-2") != string::npos) {
			Undergraduate* u = new Undergraduate();
			iss >> u;
			string id = u->getId();
			students[id] = u;
		}
		else if (line.find("PrimaryStudent-0") != string::npos) {
			PrimaryStudent* p = new PrimaryStudent();
			iss >> p;
			string id = p->getId();
			students[id] = p;
		}
		else if (line.find("MiddleStudent-1") != string::npos) {
			MiddleStudent* m = new MiddleStudent();
			iss >> m;
			string id = m->getId();
			students[id] = m;
		}

	}
	readFile.close();
}

void search()
{
	cout << "请问用户需要根据什么信息查询：" << endl;
	cout << "1. 根据学号查询" << endl;
	cout << "2. 根据姓名查询" << endl;

	int searchOption;
	cin >> searchOption;

	if (searchOption == 1) {
		string id;
		cout << "请输入您要查询的学号：";
		cin >> id;
		if(students.count(id) == 0)
		{
			cout << "未找到相关记录！" << endl;
		}
		else
		{
			students[id]->display();
			cout << endl;
		}
	}
	else if (searchOption == 2) {
		string name;
		cout << "请输入您要查询的姓名：";
		cin >> name;

		bool found = false;
		for (auto map : students)
		{
			Student* student = map.second;
			if (student->getName() == name)
			{
				student->display();
				cout << endl;
				found = true;
			}
		}

		if (!found) {
			cout << "未找到相关记录！" << endl;
		}
	}
	else {
		cout << "无效的选项！" << endl;
	}
}

void showAll()
{
	if (students.size() == 0)
	{
		cout << "暂无学生信息记录" << endl;
	}
	else
	{
		for (auto map : students)
		{
			Student* student = map.second;
			student->display();
			cout << endl;
		}
	}
}

void updata()
{
	cout << "请输入您要修改的学生的学号:" << endl;
	string id;
	cin >> id;
	// 检查学生是否已存在
	if (students.count(id) == 0) {
		cout << "该学号不存在，修改失败" << endl;
	}
	else {
		auto it = students.find(id);
		if (it != students.end()) {
			Student* student = it->second;
			while (1)
			{
					string cmd;
					string name;    // 姓名
					string gender;  // 性别
					int age;             // 年龄
					string className;  // 班级
					cout << "请输入您要修改的相应信息,输入对应序号即可:" << endl;
					cout << "1.修改学生姓名" << endl;
					cout << "2.修改学生性别" << endl;
					cout << "3.修改学生年龄" << endl;
					cout << "4.修改学生班级" << endl;
					cout << "若您确认修改，请输入:y" << endl;
					cin >> cmd;
					if (cmd == "1")
					{
						cout << "请输入您要修改为的学生姓名:" << endl;
						cin >> name;
						student->setName(name);
					}
					else if (cmd == "2")
					{
						cout << "请输入您要修改为的性别:" << endl;
						cin >> gender;
						student->setGender(gender);
					}
					else if (cmd == "3")
					{
						cout << "请输入您要修改为的年龄:" << endl;
						cin >> age;
						student->setAge(age);
					}
					else if (cmd == "4")
					{
						cout << "请输入您要修改为的班级:" << endl;
						cin >> className;
						student->setClassName(className);
					}
					else if (cmd == "y")
					{
						ofstream writeFile("students.txt", ios::out);
						for (auto student : students)
						{
							if (student.second->getType() == "PrimaryStudent-0")
								writeFile << endl << (PrimaryStudent*)student.second;
							else if (student.second->getType() == "MiddleStudent-1")
								writeFile << endl << (MiddleStudent*)student.second;
							else
								writeFile << endl << (Undergraduate*)student.second;
						}
						writeFile.close();
						cout << "修改成功" << endl;
						break;
					}
				}
			}
		}
}

void del()
{
	cout << "请输入您要删除的学生学号" << endl;
		string id;
		cin >> id;
		if (students.count(id) == 0)
		{
			cout << "记录为空！" << endl;
		}
		else
		{
			auto it = students.find(id);

			// 如果找到了对应的学生，则从unordered_map中删除该学生
			if (it != students.end()) {
				delete it->second;  // 删除指针指向的内存
				students.erase(it);  // 从unordered_map中删除该学生
				ofstream writeFile("students.txt", ios::out);
				for (auto student : students)
				{
					if (student.second->getType() == "PrimaryStudent-0")
						writeFile << endl << (PrimaryStudent*)student.second;
					else if (student.second->getType() == "MiddleStudent-1")
						writeFile << endl << (MiddleStudent*)student.second;
					else
						writeFile << endl << (Undergraduate*)student.second;
				}
				cout << "删除成功" << endl;
			}
			else {
				cout << "删除失败，未知错误" << endl;
			}
		}

}


void statistics()
{
	cout << "当前系统总人数: " << students.size() << endl;
	cout << "请问用户需根据什么来统计学生信息：" << endl;
	cout << "0. 性别" << endl;
	cout << "1. 学生类型" << endl;
	int type;
	cin >> type;
	if (type < 0 || type > 1)
	{
		cout << "无效的选项！" << endl;
		return;
	}
	if (type == 0)
	{
		int man = 0, fman = 0;
		for (auto map : students)
		{
			Student* student = map.second;
			if (student->getGender() == "男")
			{
				man++;
			}
			else if (student->getGender() == "女")
			{
				fman++;
			}
		}
		cout << "系统当前男生总数为: " << man << endl;
		cout << "系统当前女生总数为: " << fman << endl;
	}
	else if (type == 1)
	{
		int m = 0, p = 0, u = 0;
		for (auto map : students)
		{
			Student* student = map.second;
			if (student->getType() == "PrimaryStudent - 0")
			{
				p++;
			}
			else if (student->getType() == "MiddleStudent-1")
			{
				m++;
			}
			else {
				u++;
			}
		}
		cout << "系统当前小学生总数为: " << p << endl;
		cout << "系统当前中学生总数为: " << m << endl;
		cout << "系统当前大学生总数为: " << u << endl;
	}
}

#include "MiddleStudent.h"
MiddleStudent::MiddleStudent() { s_type = "MiddleStudent-1"; }

MiddleStudent::MiddleStudent(string id, string name, string gender, int age, string className,
    int englishScore, int mathScore, int chineseScore, int geographyScore, int historyScore,
    string address) : PrimaryStudent(id, name, gender, age, className, englishScore, mathScore, chineseScore) {
    s_type = "MiddleStudent-1";
    this->geographyScore = geographyScore;
    this->historyScore = historyScore;
    this->address = address;
}

void MiddleStudent::setGeographyScore(int score) {
    geographyScore = score;
}

int MiddleStudent::getGeographyScore()  {
    return geographyScore;
}

void MiddleStudent::setHistoryScore(int score) {
    historyScore = score;
}

int MiddleStudent::getHistoryScore()  {
    return historyScore;
}

void MiddleStudent::setAddress( string newAddress) {
    address = newAddress;
}

string MiddleStudent::getAddress() {
    return address;
}

void MiddleStudent::display()  {
    PrimaryStudent::display();
    cout << "地理成绩: " << geographyScore << " 历史成绩: " << historyScore
        << " 家庭住址: " << address;
}

istream& operator>>(istream& input, MiddleStudent* m) {
    input >> static_cast<PrimaryStudent*>(m) >> m->geographyScore >> m->historyScore >> m->address;
    return input;
}

ostream& operator<<(ostream& output, const MiddleStudent* m) {
    output << static_cast<const PrimaryStudent*>(m)<<" " << m->geographyScore << " " << m->historyScore << " " << m->address;
    return output;
}

#include "PrimaryStudent.h"
#include <iostream>

PrimaryStudent::PrimaryStudent()
{
    s_type = "PrimaryStudent-0";
}

PrimaryStudent::PrimaryStudent(string id, string name, string gender, int age, string className,
    int english, int math, int chinese): Student(id, name, gender, age, className) {
    this->englishScore = english;
    this->mathScore = math;
    this->chineseScore = chinese;
    s_type = "PrimaryStudent-0";
}

void PrimaryStudent::display()  {
    Student::display();
    cout << "英语成绩: " << englishScore << " 数学成绩: " << mathScore
        << " 语文成绩: " << chineseScore;
}

istream& operator>>(istream& input, PrimaryStudent* p) {
    input >> static_cast<Student*>(p) >> p->englishScore >> p->mathScore >> p->chineseScore;
    return input;
}

ostream& operator<<(ostream& output, const PrimaryStudent* p) {
    output << static_cast<const Student*>(p) << " " << p->englishScore << " " << p->mathScore << " " << p->chineseScore;
    return output;
}

#include "student.h"

Student::Student()
{
}

Student::Student(string id, string name, string gender, int age, string className)
{
    s_id = id;
    s_name = name;
    s_gender = gender;
    s_age = age;
    s_className = className;
}

Student::~Student() {}

string Student::getId() {
    return s_id;
}

string Student::getName() {
    return s_name;
}


string Student::getGender() {
    return s_gender;
}

int Student::getAge() {
    return s_age;
}

string Student::getType() {
    return s_type;
}

string Student::getClassName() {
    return s_className;
}

void Student::setId(string newId) {
    s_id = newId;
}

void Student::setName(string newName) {
    s_name = newName;
}

void Student::setGender(string newGender) {
    s_gender = newGender;
}

void Student::setAge(int newAge) {
    s_age = newAge;
}

void Student::setClassName(string newClassName) {
    s_className = newClassName;
}

void Student::display() {
    cout << "学号: " << s_id << " 姓名: " << s_name << " 性别: " << s_gender
        << " 年龄: " << s_age << " 班级: " << s_className;
}

istream& operator>>(istream& input, Student* s) {
    input >> s->s_id>> s->s_name>> s->s_gender >> s->s_age>> s->s_className>>s->s_type;
    return input;
}

ostream& operator<<(ostream& output, const Student* s) {
    output << s->s_id  << " " << s->s_name << " " << s->s_gender <<  " " << s->s_age  << " " << s->s_className <<" "<< s->s_type;
    return output;
}


//istream& operator>>(istream& input, Student& s) {
//    input >> s.s_id >> s.s_name >> s.s_gender >> s.s_age >> s.s_className >> s.s_type;
//    return input;
//}
//
//ostream& operator<<(ostream& output, const Student& s) {
//    output << s.s_id << " " << s.s_name << " " << s.s_gender << " " << s.s_age << " " << s.s_className << s.s_type;
//    return output;
//}

#include "Undergraduate.h"

Undergraduate::Undergraduate() { s_type = "Undergraduate-2"; }

Undergraduate::Undergraduate(string id, string name, string gender, int age, string className,
    string major, string address, string phoneNumber) : Student(id, name, gender, age, className) {
    this->major = major;
    this->address = address;
    this->phoneNumber = phoneNumber;
    this->s_type = "Undergraduate-2";
}

void Undergraduate::setMajor(string newMajor) { major = newMajor; }
string Undergraduate::getMajor() { return major; }

void Undergraduate::setAddress(string newAddress) { address = newAddress; }
string Undergraduate::getAddress()  { return address; }

void Undergraduate::setPhoneNumber( string newPhoneNumber) { phoneNumber = newPhoneNumber; }
string Undergraduate::getPhoneNumber()  { return phoneNumber; }

void Undergraduate::display()  {
    Student::display();
    cout << "专业: " << major << " 家庭住址: " << address
        << " 联系方式: " << phoneNumber;
}

istream& operator>>(istream& input, Undergraduate* u) {
    input >> static_cast<Student*>(u)>> u->major>> u->address >> u->phoneNumber;
    return input;
}

ostream& operator<<(ostream& output, const Undergraduate* u) {
    output << static_cast<const Student*>(u) << " " << u->major << " " << u->address  << " " << u->phoneNumber;
    return output;
}

//istream& operator>>(istream& input, Undergraduate& u) {
//    input >> static_cast<Student&>(u) >> u.major >> u.address >> u.phoneNumber;
//    return input;
//}
//
//ostream& operator<<(ostream& output, const Undergraduate& u) {
//    output << static_cast<const Student&>(u) << " " << u.major << " " << u.address << " " << u.phoneNumber;
//    return output;
//}