blocks|key|1049768|text|为什么要在可以做到的情况下使用rsync：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|1049769|find+.+-type+f+-not+-iname+'*/not-from-here/*'+-exec+cp+'{}'+'/dest/{}'+';'|code-block|syntax|javascript|1049770|这假设目标目录结构与源目录结构相同。|1049771|entityMap^0|F|5|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|O|8|@$9|P|A|Q|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|H|7|R|8|@]|D|@]|E|$I|J]]|$1|K|3|L|5|6|7|S|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|M|3|-4|5|6|7|T|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|N|$]]

Why use <code>rsync</code> when you can do:

<pre><code>find . -type f -not -iname '*/not-from-here/*' -exec cp '{}' '/dest/{}' ';'
</code></pre>

This assumes the target directory structure being the same as the source's.

blocks|key|835177|text|cp+-r+`ls+-A+%7C+grep+-v+"c"`+$HOME/|type|code-block|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|syntax|javascript|835178|unstyled|entityMap^0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|G|8|@]|9|@]|A|$B|C]]|$1|D|3|-4|5|E|7|H|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|F|$]]

blocks|key|1050175|text|我找到的最简单的方法是，你可以复制除文件和文件夹之外的所有文件，只需在括号中添加它们的名称：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1050176|shopt+-s+extglob
cp+-r+!(Filename1+%7C+FoldernameX+%7C+Filename2)+Dest/|code-block|syntax|javascript|1050177|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|I|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|J|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|-4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|H|$]]

The easiest way I found, where you can copy all the files excluding files and folders just by adding their names in the parentheses:

<pre><code>shopt -s extglob
cp -r !(Filename1 | FoldernameX | Filename2) Dest/
</code></pre>

blocks|key|835507|text|它是相对于源目录的。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|835508|这将从复制中排除目录source/.git。|offset|length|style|CODE|835509|rsync+-r+--exclude+'.git'+source+target|code-block|syntax|javascript|835510|entityMap^0|0|A|B|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|O|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|P|8|@$D|Q|E|R|F|G]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|H|3|I|5|J|7|S|8|@]|9|@]|A|$K|L]]|$1|M|3|-4|5|6|7|T|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|N|$]]

It's relative to the source directory. 
This will exclude the directory <code>source/.git</code> from being copied. 

<pre><code>rsync -r --exclude '.git' source target
</code></pre>

blocks|key|1049914|text|在mvds’s+comment上扩展，这对我来说是有效的|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|1049915|cd+dotfiles
tar+-c+--exclude+.git+--exclude+README+.+%7C+tar+-x+-C+~/dotfiles2|code-block|syntax|javascript|1049916|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|https://stackoverflow.com/q/4585929#comment5036408_4585929^0|1|E|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|Q|8|@]|9|@$A|R|B|S|1|T]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|F|7|U|8|@]|9|@]|C|$G|H]]|$1|I|3|-4|5|6|7|V|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|J|$K|$5|L|M|N|C|$O|P]]]]

Expanding on <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/q/4585929#comment5036408_4585929">mvds’s comment</a>, this works for me

<pre><code>cd dotfiles
tar -c --exclude .git --exclude README . | tar -x -C ~/dotfiles2
</code></pre>

blocks|key|1049984|text|rsync|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1049985|rsync+-r+--verbose+--exclude+'exclude_pattern'+./*+/to/where/|code-block|syntax|javascript|1049986|首先使用-n选项进行尝试，以查看要复制的内容|1049987|entityMap^0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|L|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|H|5|6|7|M|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|I|3|-4|5|6|7|N|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|J|$]]

rsync

<pre><code>rsync -r --verbose --exclude 'exclude_pattern' ./* /to/where/
</code></pre>

and first try it with -n option to see what is going to be copied

blocks|key|835095|text|我假设您正在使用bash或dash。这样行得通吗？|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|835096|shopt+-s+extglob++#+sets+extended+pattern+matching+options+in+the+bash+shell
cp+$(ls+-laR+!(subdir/file1%7Cfile2%7Csubdir2/file3))+destination|code-block|syntax|javascript|835097|执行ls，排除不需要的文件，并将其用作cp的第一个参数|835098|entityMap^0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|L|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|H|5|6|7|M|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|I|3|-4|5|6|7|N|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|J|$]]

I assume you're using bash or dash. Would this work?

<pre><code>shopt -s extglob # sets extended pattern matching options in the bash shell
cp $(ls -laR !(subdir/file1|file2|subdir2/file3)) destination
</code></pre>

Doing an ls excluding the files you don't want, and using that as the first argument for cp

blocks|key|835006|text|cp+-rv+`ls+-A+%7C+grep+-vE+"dirToExclude%7CtargetDir"`+targetDir|type|code-block|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|syntax|javascript|835007|编辑:忘记也排除目标路径(否则它将递归复制)。|unstyled|835008|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|I|8|@]|9|@]|A|$B|C]]|$1|D|3|E|5|F|7|J|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|G|3|-4|5|F|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|H|$]]

<pre><code>cp -rv `ls -A | grep -vE "dirToExclude|targetDir"` targetDir
</code></pre>

Edit: forgot to exclude the target path as well (otherwise it would recursively copy).

blocks|key|835119|text|另一个更简单的选择是安装和使用rsync，它有一个--exclude-dir选项，可用于本地和远程文件。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|835120|entityMap^0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|D|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|-4|5|6|7|E|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|C|$]]

Another simpler option is to install and use rsync which has an --exclude-dir option, and can be used for both local and remote files.

blocks|key|1050058|text|只需将其临时移动到一个隐藏目录中(如果需要，还可以将其重命名)。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1050059|mkdir+.hiddendir
cp+*+.hiddendir+-R
mv+.hiddendir+realdirname|code-block|syntax|javascript|1050060|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|I|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|J|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|-4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|H|$]]

Just move it temporally into a hidden directory (and rename it after, if wanted).

<pre><code>mkdir .hiddendir
cp * .hiddendir -R
mv .hiddendir realdirname
</code></pre>

blocks|key|1050130|text|这是对Linus+Kleen答案的修改。他的回答对我不起作用，因为会有一个。在cp不喜欢的文件路径前面添加(路径看起来像source/.destination/+file+)。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1050131|以下命令对我有效：|1050132|find+.+-type+f+-not+-path+'*/exlude-path/*'+-exec+cp+--parents+'{}'+'/destination/'+\;|offset|length|style|CODE|1050133|--parents命令保留目录结构。|1050134|entityMap^0|0|0|0|2E|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|N|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|O|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|6|7|P|8|@$F|Q|G|R|H|I]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|J|3|K|5|6|7|S|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|L|3|-4|5|6|7|T|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|M|$]]

This is a modification of Linus Kleen's answer. His answer didn't work for me because there would be a . added in front of the file path which cp doesn't like (the path would look like source/.destination/file).

This command worked for me:

<code>find . -type f -not -path '*/exlude-path/*' -exec cp --parents '{}' '/destination/' \;</code>

the --parents command preserves the directory structure.

blocks|key|835592|text|cp+-r+`ls+-A+%7C+grep+-v+"Excluded_File_or_folder"`+../$target_location+-v|type|code-block|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|syntax|javascript|835593|unstyled|entityMap^0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|G|8|@]|9|@]|A|$B|C]]|$1|D|3|-4|5|E|7|H|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|F|$]]

<pre class="lang-sh prettyprint-override"><code>cp -r `ls -A | grep -v &quot;Excluded_File_or_folder&quot;` ../$target_location -v
</code></pre>

blocks|key|1049895|text|mv+tobecopied/tobeexcluded+.
cp+-r+tobecopied+dest/
mv+tobeexcluded+tobecopied/|type|code-block|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|syntax|javascript|1049896|unstyled|entityMap^0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|G|8|@]|9|@]|A|$B|C]]|$1|D|3|-4|5|E|7|H|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|F|$]]

<pre><code>mv tobecopied/tobeexcluded .
cp -r tobecopied dest/
mv tobeexcluded tobecopied/
</code></pre>

blocks|key|1050229|text|我使用"do+while“循环来读取find命令的输出。在这个例子中，我匹配(而不是排除)某些模式，因为我想要的模式匹配的数量比我不想要的要少。您可以在-iname标志前面使用-not来反转逻辑：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1050230|++++find+.+-type+f+-iname+"*.flac"+-o+-print0+-iname+"*.mp3"+-print0+-o+-iname+"*.wav"+-print0+-o+-iname+"*.aac"+-print0+-o+-iname+"*.wma"+-print0+%7C+while+read+-d+$'\0'+file;+do+cp+-ruv+"$file"+"/media/wd/network_sync/music/$file";+done|code-block|syntax|javascript|1050231|我使用上面的内容复制服务器上的所有音乐类型文件，这些文件比我在/media/wd挂载的Western+Digital+TV+Live+Hub上的文件更新。我使用上面的命令是因为我有很多想要排除的DVD文件、mpegs等，并且因为某些原因rsync看起来像是在复制，但是在我查看wd设备之后，这些文件并不存在，尽管在使用以下命令的rsync过程中没有出现错误：|1050232|++++rsync+-av+--progress+--exclude=*.VOB+--exclude=*.avi+--exclude=*.mkv+--exclude=*.ts+--exclude=*.mpg+--exclude=*.iso+--exclude=*ar+--exclude=*.vob+--exclude=*.BUP+--exclude=*.cdi+--exclude=*.ISO+--exclude=*.shn+--exclude=*.MPG+--exclude=*.AVI+--exclude=*.DAT+--exclude=*.img+--exclude=*.nrg+--exclude=*.cdr+--exclude=*.bin+--exclude=*.MOV+--exclude=*.goutputs*+--exclude=*.flv+--exclude=*.mov+--exclude=*.m2ts+--exclude=*.cdg+--exclude=*.IFO+--exclude=*.asf+--exclude=*.ite+/media/2TB\+Data/data/music/*+/media/wd/network_sync/music/|1050233|entityMap^0|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|M|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|N|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|H|5|6|7|O|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|I|3|J|5|D|7|P|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|K|3|-4|5|6|7|Q|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|L|$]]

I use a "do while" loop to read the output of the find command. In this example, I am matching (rather than excluding) certain patterns since there are a more limited number of pattern matches that I want than that I don't want. You could reverse the logic with a -not in front of the -iname flags:

<pre><code> find . -type f -iname "*.flac" -o -print0 -iname "*.mp3" -print0 -o -iname "*.wav" -print0 -o -iname "*.aac" -print0 -o -iname "*.wma" -print0 | while read -d $'\0' file; do cp -ruv "$file" "/media/wd/network_sync/music/$file"; done
</code></pre>

I use the above to copy all music type files that are newer on my server than the files on a Western Digital TV Live Hub that I have mounted at /media/wd. I use the above because I have a lot of DVD files, mpegs, etc. that I want to exclude AND because for some reason rsync looks like it is copying, but after I look at the wd device, the files are not there despite no errors during the rsync with this command:

<pre><code> rsync -av --progress --exclude=*.VOB --exclude=*.avi --exclude=*.mkv --exclude=*.ts --exclude=*.mpg --exclude=*.iso --exclude=*ar --exclude=*.vob --exclude=*.BUP --exclude=*.cdi --exclude=*.ISO --exclude=*.shn --exclude=*.MPG --exclude=*.AVI --exclude=*.DAT --exclude=*.img --exclude=*.nrg --exclude=*.cdr --exclude=*.bin --exclude=*.MOV --exclude=*.goutputs* --exclude=*.flv --exclude=*.mov --exclude=*.m2ts --exclude=*.cdg --exclude=*.IFO --exclude=*.asf --exclude=*.ite /media/2TB\ Data/data/music/* /media/wd/network_sync/music/
</code></pre>

blocks|key|1050330|text|ls+-I+"filename1"+-I+"filename2"+%7C+xargs+cp+-rf+-t+destdir+|type|code-block|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|syntax|javascript|1050331|第一部分使用-I标记ls所有文件，但隐藏的特定文件除外。ls的输出被用作第二部分的标准输入。xargs从标准输入构建并执行命令cp+-rf+-t+destdir。标志-r表示递归复制目录，-f表示强制复制文件，将覆盖destdir中的文件，-t指定复制到的目标目录。|unstyled|offset|length|style|CODE|1050332|entityMap^0|0|6|2|A|2|S|2|1A|5|1R|H|2B|2|2M|2|30|7|3C|2|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|M|8|@]|9|@]|A|$B|C]]|$1|D|3|E|5|F|7|N|8|@$G|O|H|P|I|J]|$G|Q|H|R|I|J]|$G|S|H|T|I|J]|$G|U|H|V|I|J]|$G|W|H|X|I|J]|$G|Y|H|Z|I|J]|$G|10|H|11|I|J]|$G|12|H|13|I|J]|$G|14|H|15|I|J]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|K|3|-4|5|F|7|16|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|L|$]]

<pre><code>ls -I "filename1" -I "filename2" | xargs cp -rf -t destdir 
</code></pre>

The first part <code>ls</code> all the files but hidden specific files with flag <code>-I</code>. The output of <code>ls</code> is used as standard input for the second part. <code>xargs</code> build and execute command <code>cp -rf -t destdir</code> from standard input. the flag <code>-r</code> means copy directories recursively, <code>-f</code> means copy files forcibly which will overwrite the files in the <code>destdir</code>, <code>-t</code> specify the destination directory copy to.

blocks|key|1050419|text|晚了10年。感谢莱纳斯·克莱恩。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1050420|我讨厌rsync！;)那么为什么不使用find和cp呢？并且用这个答案也mkdir来创建一个不存在的文件夹结构。|offset|length|style|CODE|1050421|cd+/source_folder/+&&+find+.+-type+d+-not+-path+'*/not-from-here/*'+-print+-exec+mkdir+-p+'/destination_folder/{}'+\;|1050422|cd+/source_folder/+&&+find+.+-type+f+-not+-path+'*/not-from-here/*'+-print+-exec+cp+-au+'{}'+'/destination_folder/{}'+\;|1050423|看起来用find连接相对路径的cd是必要的。|1050424|mkdir+-p将创建所有子文件夹，并且不会在文件夹已经存在时发出警告。|1050425|1050426|现在我们有下一个问题了。如果有人创建了一个中间有新文件的新文件夹，会发生什么情况？确切地说:对于这些新文件，它将失败。(解决方案:只需再运行一次！:))要将所有内容放入一个find命令中似乎很难。|1050427|1050428|用于清理：https://unix.stackexchange.com/q/627218/239596|1050429|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|https://unix.stackexchange.com/q/627218/239596^0|0|3|5|J|4|O|2|10|5|0|0|39|0|0|3C|0|4|4|F|2|0|0|8|0|0|2E|4|0|0|5|1A|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|13|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|14|8|@$D|15|E|16|F|G]|$D|17|E|18|F|G]|$D|19|E|1A|F|G]|$D|1B|E|1C|F|G]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|H|3|I|5|6|7|1D|8|@$D|1E|E|1F|F|G]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|J|3|K|5|6|7|1G|8|@$D|1H|E|1I|F|G]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|L|3|M|5|6|7|1J|8|@$D|1K|E|1L|F|G]|$D|1M|E|1N|F|G]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|N|3|O|5|6|7|1O|8|@$D|1P|E|1Q|F|G]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|P|3|-4|5|6|7|1R|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|Q|3|R|5|6|7|1S|8|@$D|1T|E|1U|F|G]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|S|3|-4|5|6|7|1V|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|T|3|U|5|6|7|1W|8|@]|9|@$D|1X|E|1Y|1|1Z]]|A|$]]|$1|V|3|-4|5|6|7|20|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|W|$X|$5|Y|Z|10|A|$11|12]]]]

10 years late. Credits to Linus Kleen.
I hate <code>rsync</code>! ;) So why not use <code>find</code> and <code>cp</code>? And with this answer also <code>mkdir</code> to create a non-existent folder structure.
<code>cd /source_folder/ &amp;&amp; find . -type d -not -path '*/not-from-here/*' -print -exec mkdir -p '/destination_folder/{}' \;</code>
<code>cd /source_folder/ &amp;&amp; find . -type f -not -path '*/not-from-here/*' -print -exec cp -au '{}' '/destination_folder/{}' \;</code>
It looks like <code>cd</code> ìs necessary to concat relative paths with <code>find</code>.
<code>mkdir -p</code> will create all subfolders and will not complain when a folder already exists.
<hr />
Housten we have the next problem. What happens when someone creates a new folder with a new file in the middle of it? Exactly: it will fail for these new files. (Solution: just run it again! :)) The solution to put everything into one <code>find</code> command seems difficult.
<hr />
For clean-up: <a href="https://unix.stackexchange.com/q/627218/239596">https://unix.stackexchange.com/q/627218/239596</a>

I want to copy all files in a directory except some files in a specific sub-directory.
I have noticed that <code>cp</code> command didn't have the <code>--exclude</code> option.
So, how can I achieve this?

How to use 'cp' command to exclude a specific directory?

服务器

我想要复制一个目录中的所有文件，除了特定子目录中的一些文件。我注意到cp命令没有--exclude选项。那么，我如何才能做到这一点呢？

问如何使用'cp‘命令排除特定目录？
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问如何使用'cp‘命令排除特定目录？
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