blocks|key|53135|text|串行端口是非常简单的设备，可以追溯到计算硬件的石器时代。它们不支持即插即用，因此无法判断是否有人插入了设备。您唯一能做的就是发现哪些端口可用，SerialPort.GetPortNames()返回列表。一些USB模拟器可以生成一个描述性的名称来配合端口名称，你可以发现那些带有WMI，Win32_SerialPort类的。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|53136|这些都不能帮助您发现连接到特定设备的COM端口。只有人类知道，她把电缆插在了连接器上。您需要提供一个配置UI，让用户选择端口号。一个组合框可以完成这项工作。将选择保存在配置数据中，则下次程序启动时，设备很可能仍连接到相同的端口。|53137|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|F|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|G|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|D|3|-4|5|6|7|H|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|E|$]]

Serial ports are very simple devices, dating from the stone age of computing hardware. They don't support Plug &amp; Play, there is no way to tell that somebody plugged in a device. The only thing you can do is discover what ports are available, the SerialPort.GetPortNames() returns the list. Some USB emulators can generate a descriptive name to go with the port name, you can discover those with WMI, Win32_SerialPort class.

None of which helps you discover what COM port is connected to a particular device. Only a human knows, she physically plugged the cable in the connector. You'll need to provide a config UI that lets the user select the port number. A combo box gets the job done. Save the selection in your config data, it is very likely that the device is still connected to the same port the next time your program starts.

blocks|key|2537926|text|void+SelectComPort()+//added+function+to+find+the+present+serial+
{

++++TCHAR+lpTargetPath[5000];+//+buffer+to+store+the+path+of+the+COMPORTS
++++DWORD+test;
++++bool+gotPort=0;+//+in+case+the+port+is+not+found

++++for(int+i=0;+i<255;+i%2B%2B)+//+checking+ports+from+COM0+to+COM255
++++{
++++++++CString+str;
++++++++str.Format(_T("%25d"),i);
++++++++CString+ComName=CString("COM")+%2B+CString(str);+//+converting+to+COM0,+COM1,+COM2

++++++++test+=+QueryDosDevice(ComName,+(LPSTR)lpTargetPath,+5000);

++++++++++++//+Test+the+return+value+and+error+if+any
++++++++if(test!=0)+//QueryDosDevice+returns+zero+if+it+didn't+find+an+object
++++++++{
++++++++++++m_MyPort.AddString((CString)ComName);+//+add+to+the+ComboBox
++++++++++++gotPort=1;+//+found+port
++++++++}

++++++++if(::GetLastError()==ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER)
++++++++{
++++++++++++lpTargetPath[10000];+//+in+case+the+buffer+got+filled,+increase+size+of+the+buffer.
++++++++++++continue;
++++++++}

++++}

++++if(!gotPort)+//+if+not+port
++++m_MyPort.AddString((CString)"No+Active+Ports+Found");+//+to+display+error+message+incase+no+ports+found

}|type|code-block|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|syntax|javascript|2537927|unstyled|entityMap^0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|G|8|@]|9|@]|A|$B|C]]|$1|D|3|-4|5|E|7|H|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|F|$]]

<pre><code>void SelectComPort() //added function to find the present serial 
{

 TCHAR lpTargetPath[5000]; // buffer to store the path of the COMPORTS
 DWORD test;
 bool gotPort=0; // in case the port is not found

 for(int i=0; i&lt;255; i++) // checking ports from COM0 to COM255
 {
 CString str;
 str.Format(_T("%d"),i);
 CString ComName=CString("COM") + CString(str); // converting to COM0, COM1, COM2

 test = QueryDosDevice(ComName, (LPSTR)lpTargetPath, 5000);

 // Test the return value and error if any
 if(test!=0) //QueryDosDevice returns zero if it didn't find an object
 {
 m_MyPort.AddString((CString)ComName); // add to the ComboBox
 gotPort=1; // found port
 }

 if(::GetLastError()==ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER)
 {
 lpTargetPath[10000]; // in case the buffer got filled, increase size of the buffer.
 continue;
 }

 }

 if(!gotPort) // if not port
 m_MyPort.AddString((CString)"No Active Ports Found"); // to display error message incase no ports found

}
</code></pre>

blocks|key|53193|text|如果您可以访问注册表，则Windows键包含HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\HARDWARE\DEVICEMAP\SERIALCOMM当前支持的COM端口列表(在某些情况下，此信息可能已过时/不正确；我怀疑提供串行端口的即插即用设备未完成检测/安装或最近已被移除时)。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|53194|这是.NET框架的SerialPort.GetPortNames()方法报告可用COM端口的方式，上述信息派生自链接的页面。|53195|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.io.ports.serialport.getportnames.aspx^0|M|1C|0|9|P|9|P|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|P|8|@$9|Q|A|R|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|6|7|S|8|@$9|T|A|U|B|C]]|D|@$9|V|A|W|1|X]]|E|$]]|$1|H|3|-4|5|6|7|Y|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|I|$J|$5|K|L|M|E|$N|O]]]]

If you can access the registry, the <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\HARDWARE\DEVICEMAP\SERIALCOMM</code> key contains a list of COM ports Windows currently supports (in some cases, this information may be stale/incorrect; like, I suspect, when a plug &amp; play device providing serial ports has not completed detection/installation or has been recently removed).

This is the way .NET Framework's <a href="https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.io.ports.serialport.getportnames.aspx" rel="nofollow"><code>SerialPort.GetPortNames()</code></a> method reports available COM ports, and the above information is derived from the linked page.

blocks|key|54235|text|CUIntArray+ports;
EnumerateSerialPorts(ports);

for+(int+i+=+0;+i<ports.GetSize();+i%2B%2B)
{
++++CString+str;
++++str.Format(_T("COM%25d"),+ports.ElementAt(i));
++++m_ctlPort.AddString(str);
}|type|code-block|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|syntax|javascript|54236|unstyled|entityMap^0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|G|8|@]|9|@]|A|$B|C]]|$1|D|3|-4|5|E|7|H|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|F|$]]

<pre><code>CUIntArray ports;
EnumerateSerialPorts(ports);

for (int i = 0; i&lt;ports.GetSize(); i++)
{
 CString str;
 str.Format(_T("COM%d"), ports.ElementAt(i));
 m_ctlPort.AddString(str);
}
</code></pre>

blocks|key|53215|text|这是@michael-jacob-mathew答案的现代版本：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|53216|#include+<iostream>
#include+<string>
#include+<Windows.h>

bool+SelectComPort()+//added+function+to+find+the+present+serial+
{
++++char+lpTargetPath[5000];+//+buffer+to+store+the+path+of+the+COMPORTS
++++bool+gotPort+=+false;+//+in+case+the+port+is+not+found

++++for+(int+i+=+0;+i+<+255;+i%2B%2B)+//+checking+ports+from+COM0+to+COM255
++++{
++++++++std::string+str+=+"COM"+%2B+std::to_string(i);+//+converting+to+COM0,+COM1,+COM2
++++++++DWORD+test+=+QueryDosDevice(str.c_str(),+lpTargetPath,+5000);

++++++++//+Test+the+return+value+and+error+if+any
++++++++if+(test+!=+0)+//QueryDosDevice+returns+zero+if+it+didn't+find+an+object
++++++++{
++++++++++++std::cout+<<+str+<<+":+"+<<+lpTargetPath+<<+std::endl;
++++++++++++gotPort+=+true;
++++++++}

++++++++if+(::GetLastError()+==+ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER)
++++++++{
++++++++}
++++}

++++return+gotPort;
}|code-block|syntax|javascript|53217|它在我的计算机上生成以下输出：|53218|COM1:+\Device\Serial0
COM3:+\Device\VCP0|53219|entityMap^0|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|M|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|N|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|H|5|6|7|O|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|I|3|J|5|D|7|P|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|K|3|-4|5|6|7|Q|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|L|$]]

This is a modernized version of @michael-jacob-mathew's answer:

<pre><code>#include &lt;iostream&gt;
#include &lt;string&gt;
#include &lt;Windows.h&gt;

bool SelectComPort() //added function to find the present serial 
{
 char lpTargetPath[5000]; // buffer to store the path of the COMPORTS
 bool gotPort = false; // in case the port is not found

 for (int i = 0; i &lt; 255; i++) // checking ports from COM0 to COM255
 {
 std::string str = "COM" + std::to_string(i); // converting to COM0, COM1, COM2
 DWORD test = QueryDosDevice(str.c_str(), lpTargetPath, 5000);

 // Test the return value and error if any
 if (test != 0) //QueryDosDevice returns zero if it didn't find an object
 {
 std::cout &lt;&lt; str &lt;&lt; ": " &lt;&lt; lpTargetPath &lt;&lt; std::endl;
 gotPort = true;
 }

 if (::GetLastError() == ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER)
 {
 }
 }

 return gotPort;
}
</code></pre>

It produces the following output on my computer:

<pre><code>COM1: \Device\Serial0
COM3: \Device\VCP0
</code></pre>

blocks|key|52742|text|已修改@Dženan答案以使用宽字符并返回整数列表|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|52743|#include+<string>
#include+<list>

list<int>+getAvailablePorts()
{
++++wchar_t+lpTargetPath[5000];+//+buffer+to+store+the+path+of+the+COM+PORTS
++++list<int>+portList;

++++for+(int+i+=+0;+i+<+255;+i%2B%2B)+//+checking+ports+from+COM0+to+COM255
++++{
++++++++wstring+str+=+L"COM"+%2B+to_wstring(i);+//+converting+to+COM0,+COM1,+COM2
++++++++DWORD+res+=+QueryDosDevice(str.c_str(),+lpTargetPath,+5000);

++++++++//+Test+the+return+value+and+error+if+any
++++++++if+(res+!=+0)+//QueryDosDevice+returns+zero+if+it+didn't+find+an+object
++++++++{
++++++++++++portList.push_back(i);
++++++++++++//std::cout+<<+str+<<+":+"+<<+lpTargetPath+<<+std::endl;
++++++++}
++++++++if+(::GetLastError()+==+ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER)
++++++++{
++++++++}
++++}
++++return+portList;
}|code-block|syntax|javascript|52744|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|I|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|J|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|-4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|H|$]]

Modified @Dženan answer to use wide characters and returning list of ints
<pre><code>#include &lt;string&gt;
#include &lt;list&gt;

list&lt;int&gt; getAvailablePorts()
{
 wchar_t lpTargetPath[5000]; // buffer to store the path of the COM PORTS
 list&lt;int&gt; portList;

 for (int i = 0; i &lt; 255; i++) // checking ports from COM0 to COM255
 {
 wstring str = L&quot;COM&quot; + to_wstring(i); // converting to COM0, COM1, COM2
 DWORD res = QueryDosDevice(str.c_str(), lpTargetPath, 5000);

 // Test the return value and error if any
 if (res != 0) //QueryDosDevice returns zero if it didn't find an object
 {
 portList.push_back(i);
 //std::cout &lt;&lt; str &lt;&lt; &quot;: &quot; &lt;&lt; lpTargetPath &lt;&lt; std::endl;
 }
 if (::GetLastError() == ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER)
 {
 }
 }
 return portList;
}
</code></pre>

blocks|key|2538096|text|您可以检查windows注册表基以列出所有COM端口。以下是我的代码>+github+file|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|2538097|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|https://github.com/Vladivarius/short-how-to/blob/main/Enumerate%2520and%2520read%2520Windows%2520registry%2520keys%2520and%2520their%2520values/Regscan.cpp^0|10|B|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|L|8|@]|9|@$A|M|B|N|1|O]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|-4|5|6|7|P|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|E|$F|$5|G|H|I|C|$J|K]]]]

You can check the windows registry base to list all COM ports. Here is my code &gt; <a href="https://github.com/Vladivarius/short-how-to/blob/main/Enumerate%20and%20read%20Windows%20registry%20keys%20and%20their%20values/Regscan.cpp" rel="nofollow noreferrer">github file</a>

There are several ways to list serial ports under Windows but I'm not sure what is the proper way: the way that does detect all serial ports that are available.

One good code example is <a href="http://www.naughter.com/enumser.html" rel="noreferrer">http://www.naughter.com/enumser.html</a> - where there are 9 (nine!) ways of enumerating serial devices.

The question is: what is the optimal way of doing it.

Requirements:

<ul>
<li>to not open ports in order to check if they are available.</li>
<li>to be able to detect ports with different names than <code>COMx</code>.</li>
<li>to work on Windows XP SP2 or above</li>
</ul>

What is proper way to detect all available serial ports on Windows?

Windows

有几种方法可以列出Windows下的串行端口，但我不确定哪种方法是正确的:检测所有可用的串行端口的方法。一个很好的代码示例是 -其中有9(9！)枚举串行设备的方法。问题是:做这件事的最佳方式是什么。要求：要检查端口是否可用，请不要打开端口。要检测与COMx.to不同名称的端口，请在 XP SP2或更高版本的上运行

问检测Windows上所有可用串行端口的正确方法是什么？
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