blocks|key|1124895|text|使用rsync：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1124896|rsync+-av+--exclude='path1/to/exclude'+--exclude='path2/to/exclude'+source+destination|code-block|syntax|javascript|1124897|请注意，使用source和source/是不同的。尾部斜杠表示将文件夹source的内容复制到destination中。如果没有尾随的斜杠，则表示将文件夹source复制到destination中。|offset|length|style|CODE|1124898|或者，如果要排除许多目录(或文件)，则可以使用--exclude-from=FILE，其中FILE是包含要排除的文件或目录的文件名。|1124899|--exclude还可以包含通配符，如--exclude=*/.svn*|1124900|entityMap^0|0|0|6|6|D|7|Z|6|1B|B|25|6|2E|B|0|N|J|19|4|0|0|9|J|H|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|S|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|T|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|H|5|6|7|U|8|@$I|V|J|W|K|L]|$I|X|J|Y|K|L]|$I|Z|J|10|K|L]|$I|11|J|12|K|L]|$I|13|J|14|K|L]|$I|15|J|16|K|L]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|M|3|N|5|6|7|17|8|@$I|18|J|19|K|L]|$I|1A|J|1B|K|L]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|O|3|P|5|6|7|1C|8|@$I|1D|J|1E|K|L]|$I|1F|J|1G|K|L]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|Q|3|-4|5|6|7|1H|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|R|$]]

Use rsync:

<pre><code>rsync -av --exclude='path1/to/exclude' --exclude='path2/to/exclude' source destination
</code></pre>

Note that using <code>source</code> and <code>source/</code> are different. A trailing slash means to copy the contents of the folder <code>source</code> into <code>destination</code>. Without the trailing slash, it means copy the folder <code>source</code> into <code>destination</code>.

Alternatively, if you have lots of directories (or files) to exclude, you can use <code>--exclude-from=FILE</code>, where <code>FILE</code> is the name of a file containing files or directories to exclude.

<code>--exclude</code> may also contain wildcards, such as <code>--exclude=*/.svn*</code>

blocks|key|1124847|text|将焦油与管道一起使用。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1124848|cd+/source_directory
tar+cf+-+--exclude=dir_to_exclude+.+%7C+(cd+/destination+&&+tar+xvf+-+)|code-block|syntax|javascript|1124849|您甚至可以在ssh中使用这种技术。|1124850|entityMap^0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|L|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|H|5|6|7|M|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|I|3|-4|5|6|7|N|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|J|$]]

Use tar along with a pipe.

<pre><code>cd /source_directory
tar cf - --exclude=dir_to_exclude . | (cd /destination &amp;&amp; tar xvf - )
</code></pre>

You can even use this technique across ssh.

blocks|key|1339741|text|您可以使用tar和--exclude选项，然后在目标中解压它。例如|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1339742|cd+/source_directory
tar+cvf+test.tar+--exclude=dir_to_exclude+*
mv+test.tar+/destination+
cd+/destination++
tar+xvf+test.tar|code-block|syntax|javascript|1339743|有关详细信息，请参阅tar的手册页|1339744|entityMap^0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|L|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|H|5|6|7|M|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|I|3|-4|5|6|7|N|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|J|$]]

you can use tar, with --exclude option , and then untar it in destination. eg

<pre><code>cd /source_directory
tar cvf test.tar --exclude=dir_to_exclude *
mv test.tar /destination 
cd /destination 
tar xvf test.tar
</code></pre>

see the man page of tar for more info

blocks|key|1124660|text|与Jeff的想法类似(未经测试)：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1124661|find+.+-name+*+-print0+%7C+grep+-v+"exclude"+%7C+xargs+-0+-I+{}+cp+-a+{}+destination/|code-block|syntax|javascript|1124662|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|I|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|J|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|-4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|H|$]]

Similar to Jeff's idea (untested):

<pre><code>find . -name * -print0 | grep -v "exclude" | xargs -0 -I {} cp -a {} destination/
</code></pre>

blocks|key|1124670|text|EXCLUDE="foo+bar+blah+jah"+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
DEST=$1

for+i+in+*
do
++++for+x+in+$EXCLUDE
++++do++
++++++++if+[+$x+!=+$i+];+then
++++++++++++cp+-a+$i+$DEST
++++++++fi++
++++done
done|type|code-block|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|syntax|javascript|1124671|未经测试..。|unstyled|1124672|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|I|8|@]|9|@]|A|$B|C]]|$1|D|3|E|5|F|7|J|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|G|3|-4|5|F|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|H|$]]

<pre><code>EXCLUDE="foo bar blah jah" 
DEST=$1

for i in *
do
 for x in $EXCLUDE
 do 
 if [ $x != $i ]; then
 cp -a $i $DEST
 fi 
 done
done
</code></pre>

Untested...

blocks|key|1124978|text|受@SteveLazaridis的答案的启发，这里有一个POSIX外壳函数-只需复制并粘贴到您的$PATH中名为cpx的文件中，并将其设置为可执行文件(chmod+a%2Bx+cpr)。[Source现在维护在我的GitLab中。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|1124979|#!/bin/sh

#+usage:+cpx+[-n%7C--dry-run]+"from_path"+"to_path"+"newline_separated_exclude_list"
#+limitations:+only+excludes+from+"from_path",+not+it's+subdirectories

cpx()+{
#+run+in+subshell+to+avoid+collisions
++(_CopyWithExclude+"$@")
}

_CopyWithExclude()+{
++case+"$1"+in
++++-n%7C--dry-run)+{+DryRun='echo';+shift;+}+;;
++esac

++from="$1"
++to="$2"
++exclude="$3"

++$DryRun+mkdir+-p+"$to"

++if+[+-z+"$exclude"+];+then
++++++cp+"$from"+"$to"
++++++return
++fi

++ls+-A1+"$from"+\
++++%7C+while+IFS=+read+-r+f;+do
++++++++unset+excluded
++++++++if+[+-n+"$exclude"+];+then
++++++++++for+x+in+$(printf+"$exclude");+do
++++++++++if+[+"$f"+=+"$x"+];+then
++++++++++++++excluded=1
++++++++++++++break
++++++++++fi
++++++++++done
++++++++fi
++++++++f="${f#$from/}"
++++++++if+[+-z+"$excluded"+];+then
++++++++++$DryRun+cp+-R+"$f"+"$to"
++++++++else
++++++++++[+-n+"$DryRun"+]+&&+echo+"skip+'$f'"
++++++++fi
++++++done
}

#+Do+not+execute+if+being+sourced
[+"${0#*cpx}"+!=+"$0"+]+&&+cpx+"$@"|code-block|syntax|javascript|1124980|示例用法|1124981|EXCLUDE="
.git
my_secret_stuff
"
cpr+"$HOME/my_stuff"+"/media/usb"+"$EXCLUDE"|1124982|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|https://gitlab.com/go2null/shell-scripts/blob/master/cpx^0|1C|5|1K|3|24|D|2X|6|0|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|W|8|@$9|X|A|Y|B|C]|$9|Z|A|10|B|C]|$9|11|A|12|B|C]]|D|@$9|13|A|14|1|15]]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|H|7|16|8|@]|D|@]|E|$I|J]]|$1|K|3|L|5|6|7|17|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|M|3|N|5|H|7|18|8|@]|D|@]|E|$I|J]]|$1|O|3|-4|5|6|7|19|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|P|$Q|$5|R|S|T|E|$U|V]]]]

inspired by @SteveLazaridis's answer, which would fail, here is a POSIX shell function - just copy and paste into a file named <code>cpx</code> in yout <code>$PATH</code> and make it executible (<code>chmod a+x cpr</code>). [Source is now maintained in my <a href="https://gitlab.com/go2null/shell-scripts/blob/master/cpx" rel="nofollow noreferrer">GitLab</a>.

<pre><code>#!/bin/sh

# usage: cpx [-n|--dry-run] "from_path" "to_path" "newline_separated_exclude_list"
# limitations: only excludes from "from_path", not it's subdirectories

cpx() {
# run in subshell to avoid collisions
 (_CopyWithExclude "$@")
}

_CopyWithExclude() {
 case "$1" in
 -n|--dry-run) { DryRun='echo'; shift; } ;;
 esac

 from="$1"
 to="$2"
 exclude="$3"

 $DryRun mkdir -p "$to"

 if [ -z "$exclude" ]; then
 cp "$from" "$to"
 return
 fi

 ls -A1 "$from" \
 | while IFS= read -r f; do
 unset excluded
 if [ -n "$exclude" ]; then
 for x in $(printf "$exclude"); do
 if [ "$f" = "$x" ]; then
 excluded=1
 break
 fi
 done
 fi
 f="${f#$from/}"
 if [ -z "$excluded" ]; then
 $DryRun cp -R "$f" "$to"
 else
 [ -n "$DryRun" ] &amp;&amp; echo "skip '$f'"
 fi
 done
}

# Do not execute if being sourced
[ "${0#*cpx}" != "$0" ] &amp;&amp; cpx "$@"
</code></pre>

Example usage

<pre><code>EXCLUDE="
.git
my_secret_stuff
"
cpr "$HOME/my_stuff" "/media/usb" "$EXCLUDE"
</code></pre>

blocks|key|1125245|text|简单的解决方案(但我仍然更喜欢顶部注释中的bash模式匹配)：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1125246|touch+/path/to/target/.git
cp+-n+-ax+*+/path/to/target/
rm+/path/to/target/.git|code-block|syntax|javascript|1125247|这利用了cp的-n选项，该选项强制cp不覆盖现有目标。|offset|length|style|CODE|1125248|缺点:适用于GNU+cp。如果您没有GNU+cp，那么cp操作可能会返回一个错误代码(1)，这很烦人，因为这样您就无法判断它是否是真正的故障。|1125249|entityMap^0|0|0|4|2|7|2|H|2|0|A|2|M|2|R|2|17|1|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|Q|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|R|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|H|5|6|7|S|8|@$I|T|J|U|K|L]|$I|V|J|W|K|L]|$I|X|J|Y|K|L]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|M|3|N|5|6|7|Z|8|@$I|10|J|11|K|L]|$I|12|J|13|K|L]|$I|14|J|15|K|L]|$I|16|J|17|K|L]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|O|3|-4|5|6|7|18|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|P|$]]

Simple solution (but I would still prefer the bash pattern matching from the top comments):
<pre><code>touch /path/to/target/.git
cp -n -ax * /path/to/target/
rm /path/to/target/.git
</code></pre>
This exploits the <code>-n</code> option of <code>cp</code>, which forces <code>cp</code> to not overwrite existing targets.
Drawback: Works with GNU <code>cp</code>. If you don't have GNU <code>cp</code>, then the <code>cp</code> operation might return an error code (<code>1</code>), which is annoying because then you can't tell if it was a real failure.

I am trying to write a simple bash script that will copy the entire contents of a folder including hidden files and folders into another folder, but I want to exclude certain specific folders. How could I achieve this?

Copy folder recursively, excluding some folders

我正在尝试编写一个简单的bash脚本，将一个文件夹的全部内容(包括隐藏文件和文件夹)复制到另一个文件夹中，但我希望排除某些特定的文件夹。我怎样才能做到这一点呢？

问递归复制文件夹，不包括某些文件夹
EN

回答 7

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问递归复制文件夹，不包括某些文件夹EN

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