blocks|key|4600487|text|首先，打开终端会话并运行：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|4600488|cd+/usr/local/
git+status|code-block|syntax|javascript|4600489|看看家酿是不是干净的。|4600490|如果它是脏的，请运行：|4600491|git+reset+--hard+&&+git+clean+-df|4600492|然后|4600493|brew+doctor
brew+update|4600494|如果它仍然是坏的，在你的会话中试试这个：|4600495|sudo+rm+/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/Current
sudo+ln+-s+/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/1.8+/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/Current|4600496|这将迫使Homebrew在系统安装中使用Ruby1.8。|4600497|entityMap^0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|Y|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|Z|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|H|5|6|7|10|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|I|3|J|5|6|7|11|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|K|3|L|5|D|7|12|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|M|3|N|5|6|7|13|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|O|3|P|5|D|7|14|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|Q|3|R|5|6|7|15|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|S|3|T|5|D|7|16|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|U|3|V|5|6|7|17|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|W|3|-4|5|6|7|18|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|X|$]]

First, open a terminal session and run:

<pre><code>cd /usr/local/
git status
</code></pre>

to see if Homebrew is clean.

If it's dirty, run:

<pre><code>git reset --hard &amp;&amp; git clean -df
</code></pre>

then

<pre><code>brew doctor
brew update
</code></pre>

If it's still broken, try this in your session:

<pre><code>sudo rm /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/Current
sudo ln -s /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/1.8 /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/Current
</code></pre>

This will force Homebrew to use Ruby 1.8 from the system's installation.

blocks|key|94385|text|此问题应在最新版本的Homebrew中修复。尝试重新安装它，如Homebrew主页所述。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|94386|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://brew.sh/^0|V|8|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|L|8|@]|9|@$A|M|B|N|1|O]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|-4|5|6|7|P|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|E|$F|$5|G|H|I|C|$J|K]]]]

This issue should be fixed in the newest version of Homebrew. Try reinstalling it, which is described on the <a href="http://brew.sh/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Homebrew</a> home page.

blocks|key|94407|text|更新到El+Capitan后，/usr/local拥有root:wheel权限。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|94408|使用以下命令将权限更改回用户：|94409|sudo+chown+-R+$(whoami):admin+/usr/local|code-block|syntax|javascript|94410|和：|94411|brew+doctor+&&+brew+update|94412|这帮助我让Homebrew再次工作。|94413|entityMap^0|F|A|R|A|0|0|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|U|8|@$9|V|A|W|B|C]|$9|X|A|Y|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|6|7|Z|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|H|3|I|5|J|7|10|8|@]|D|@]|E|$K|L]]|$1|M|3|N|5|6|7|11|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|O|3|P|5|J|7|12|8|@]|D|@]|E|$K|L]]|$1|Q|3|R|5|6|7|13|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|S|3|-4|5|6|7|14|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|T|$]]

After updating to El Capitan, <code>/usr/local</code> has <code>root:wheel</code> rights.

Change the rights back to the user using:

<pre><code>sudo chown -R $(whoami):admin /usr/local
</code></pre>

and:

<pre><code>brew doctor &amp;&amp; brew update
</code></pre>

This helped me to get Homebrew working again.

blocks|key|4600579|text|原始答案|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|4600580|该问题主要发生在将OS+X更新到El+Capitan+(OS+X+10.11)或macOS+Sierra+(macOS+10.12)之后。|4600581|这是因为El+Capitan或更高版本的macOS的new+SIP+process存在文件权限问题。尝试更改/usr/local目录的权限：|offset|length|style|CODE|4600582|$+sudo+chown+-R+$(whoami):admin+/usr/local++|code-block|syntax|javascript|4600583|如果它仍然不起作用，那么在终端会话中使用以下步骤，一切都会好起来的：|4600584|cd+/usr/local/Homebrew
git+reset+--hard+origin/master
brew+update|4600585|如果/usr/local/Library/Homebrew不起作用，可以试试/usr/local/Homebrew。问题可能是Homebrew已经过时了。|4600586|Apr+2021更新|4600587|上面的命令不适用于macOS高山或更高版本，如本GitHub+issue中所述。你必须运行下面的代码：|4600588|sudo+chown+-R+$(whoami)+$(brew+--prefix)/*|4600589|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://coolestguidesontheplanet.com/what-is-sip-in-osx-10-11-el-capitan/|1|https://github.com/Homebrew/brew/issues/3228#issuecomment-332679274^0|0|0|1I|A|Q|F|0|0|0|0|0|2|R|12|J|0|0|O|C|1|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|1A|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|1B|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|6|7|1C|8|@$F|1D|G|1E|H|I]]|9|@$F|1F|G|1G|1|1H]]|A|$]]|$1|J|3|K|5|L|7|1I|8|@]|9|@]|A|$M|N]]|$1|O|3|P|5|6|7|1J|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|Q|3|R|5|L|7|1K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$M|N]]|$1|S|3|T|5|6|7|1L|8|@$F|1M|G|1N|H|I]|$F|1O|G|1P|H|I]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|U|3|V|5|6|7|1Q|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|W|3|X|5|6|7|1R|8|@]|9|@$F|1S|G|1T|1|1U]]|A|$]]|$1|Y|3|Z|5|L|7|1V|8|@]|9|@]|A|$M|N]]|$1|10|3|-4|5|6|7|1W|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|11|$12|$5|13|14|15|A|$16|17]]|18|$5|13|14|15|A|$16|19]]]]

<h2>Original Answer</h2>
The problem mainly occurs after updating OS X to El Capitan (OS X 10.11) or macOS Sierra (macOS 10.12).
This is because of file permission issues with El Capitan’s or later macOS's <a href="http://coolestguidesontheplanet.com/what-is-sip-in-osx-10-11-el-capitan/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">new SIP process</a>. Try changing the permissions for the <code>/usr/local</code> directory:
<pre><code>$ sudo chown -R $(whoami):admin /usr/local 
</code></pre>
If it still doesn't work, use these steps inside a terminal session and everything will be fine:
<pre class="lang-sh prettyprint-override"><code>cd /usr/local/Homebrew
git reset --hard origin/master
brew update
</code></pre>
If <code>/usr/local/Library/Homebrew</code> doesn't work, try <code>/usr/local/Homebrew</code>. The problem might be that Homebrew is outdated.
<h2>Apr 2021 Update</h2>
The command above doesn't work for macOS High Sierra or above, as explained in this <a href="https://github.com/Homebrew/brew/issues/3228#issuecomment-332679274" rel="nofollow noreferrer">GitHub issue</a>. You have to run this instead:
<pre class="lang-sh prettyprint-override"><code>sudo chown -R $(whoami) $(brew --prefix)/*
</code></pre>

blocks|key|94502|text|首先，我执行了：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|94503|sudo+chown+-R+$(whoami):admin+/usr/local|code-block|syntax|javascript|94504|然后：|94505|cd+$(brew+--prefix)+&&+git+fetch+origin+&&+git+reset+--hard+origin/master|94506|entityMap^0|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|M|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|N|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|H|5|6|7|O|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|I|3|J|5|D|7|P|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|K|3|-4|5|6|7|Q|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|L|$]]

First I executed:

<pre><code>sudo chown -R $(whoami):admin /usr/local
</code></pre>

Then:

<pre><code>cd $(brew --prefix) &amp;&amp; git fetch origin &amp;&amp; git reset --hard origin/master
</code></pre>

blocks|key|94585|text|在我看来，您缺少popen的头文件，这是一个C系统库。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|94586|检查您是否使用命令行工具成功安装了xcode，并接受了许可证。|94587|有关更多信息，请参阅此线程：How+to+install+Xcode+Command+Line+Tools|offset|length|94588|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|https://stackoverflow.com/questions/9329243/xcode-install-command-line-tools^0|0|0|E|13|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|P|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|Q|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|6|7|R|8|@]|9|@$F|S|G|T|1|U]]|A|$]]|$1|H|3|-4|5|6|7|V|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|I|$J|$5|K|L|M|A|$N|O]]]]

To me it feels like you have missing header files for popen, which is a C system library.

Check if you have installed xcode successful with the command line tools and have accepted the license.

See this thread for more information: <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/9329243/xcode-install-command-line-tools">How to install Xcode Command Line Tools</a>

blocks|key|4600699|text|要恢复您的Homebrew设置，请尝试执行以下操作：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|4600700|cd+/usr/local/Homebrew/Library+&&+git+stash+&&+git+clean+-d+-f+&&+git+reset+--hard+&&+git+pull|code-block|syntax|javascript|4600701|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|I|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|J|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|-4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|H|$]]

To restore your Homebrew setup try this:

<pre><code>cd /usr/local/Homebrew/Library &amp;&amp; git stash &amp;&amp; git clean -d -f &amp;&amp; git reset --hard &amp;&amp; git pull
</code></pre>

I'm getting an error when I run <code>brew</code> in the terminal:

<pre><code> /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.0/usr/lib/ruby/2.0.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:55:in `require': cannot load such file -- utils/popen (LoadError)
from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.0/usr/lib/ruby/2.0.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:55:in `require'
from /usr/local/Library/Homebrew/utils.rb:6:in `&lt;top (required)&gt;'
from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.0/usr/lib/ruby/2.0.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:55:in `require'
from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.0/usr/lib/ruby/2.0.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:55:in `require'
from /usr/local/Library/Homebrew/global.rb:9:in `&lt;top (required)&gt;'
from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.0/usr/lib/ruby/2.0.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:55:in `require'
from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.0/usr/lib/ruby/2.0.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:55:in `require'
from /usr/local/Library/brew.rb:16:in `&lt;main&gt;'
</code></pre>

These are my gem settings:

<pre><code>- RUBYGEMS VERSION: 2.0.14
- RUBY VERSION: 2.0.0 (2014-02-24 patchlevel 451) [universal.x86_64-darwin13]
- INSTALLATION DIRECTORY: /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0
- RUBY EXECUTABLE: /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.0/usr/bin/ruby
- EXECUTABLE DIRECTORY: /usr/bin
- RUBYGEMS PLATFORMS:
 - ruby
 - universal-darwin-13
- GEM PATHS:
 - /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0
 - /Users/ronaldkwan/.gem/ruby/2.0.0
 - /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.0/usr/lib/ruby/gems/2.0.0
- GEM CONFIGURATION:
 - :update_sources =&gt; true
 - :verbose =&gt; true
 - :backtrace =&gt; false
 - :bulk_threshold =&gt; 1000
</code></pre>

How to avoid "cannot load such file -- utils/popen" from homebrew on OSX

命令行工具

当我在终端运行brew时，我得到一个错误： /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.0/usr/lib/ruby/2.0.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:55:in `require': cannot load...

问如何避免OSX上的homebrew出现“无法加载此类文件-- utils/popen”
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