blocks|key|1825639|text|在1-2小时的时间里讲到的模块完全取决于你的听众的兴趣或关注点。他们还选修了哪些课程？他们准备立即利用什么？|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1825640|一定要提到math、decimal和datetime以及time和re。|offset|length|style|CODE|1825641|面向将要执行面向文件的工作的IT类型：glob、fnmatch、os、os.path、tempfile和shutil。|1825642|数据库人员一定听说过sqlite和json。|1825643|模拟观众可能想要了解random。|1825644|网站开发人员必须从客户端的角度了解urllib2。还有Beautiful+Soup和您选择的XML解析器。|1825645|Web开发人员必须从服务器的角度了解logging和wsgiref。|1825646|entityMap^0|0|5|4|A|7|I|8|S|4|X|2|0|J|4|O|7|W|2|Z|7|17|8|1G|6|0|A|6|H|4|0|A|6|0|H|7|0|I|7|Q|7|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|T|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|U|8|@$D|V|E|W|F|G]|$D|X|E|Y|F|G]|$D|Z|E|10|F|G]|$D|11|E|12|F|G]|$D|13|E|14|F|G]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|H|3|I|5|6|7|15|8|@$D|16|E|17|F|G]|$D|18|E|19|F|G]|$D|1A|E|1B|F|G]|$D|1C|E|1D|F|G]|$D|1E|E|1F|F|G]|$D|1G|E|1H|F|G]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|J|3|K|5|6|7|1I|8|@$D|1J|E|1K|F|G]|$D|1L|E|1M|F|G]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|L|3|M|5|6|7|1N|8|@$D|1O|E|1P|F|G]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|N|3|O|5|6|7|1Q|8|@$D|1R|E|1S|F|G]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|P|3|Q|5|6|7|1T|8|@$D|1U|E|1V|F|G]|$D|1W|E|1X|F|G]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|R|3|-4|5|6|7|1Y|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|S|$]]

Modules to cover in a 1-2 hour slot entirely depend on your audience's interest or focus. What other classes are they taking? What are they prepared to make use of immediately?

Be sure to mention <code>math</code>, <code>decimal</code> and <code>datetime</code> and <code>time</code> and <code>re</code>.

For IT-types who will be doing file-oriented work: <code>glob</code>, <code>fnmatch</code>, <code>os</code>, <code>os.path</code>, <code>tempfile</code>, and <code>shutil</code>.

Database folks must hear about <code>sqlite</code> and <code>json</code>.

Simulation audience may want to hear about <code>random</code>.

Web developers must hear about <code>urllib2</code> from a client point of view. Also Beautiful Soup and an XML parser of your choice.

Web developers must hear about <code>logging</code> and <code>wsgiref</code> from a server point of view.

blocks|key|1825367|text|我会提供itertools和functools。这些模块在编程中随处可见的抽象上运行，所以我认为它们对学习很有用。在更实际的事情中，xml模块(xml.dom、xml.sax)可能非常有用。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|1825368|entityMap^0|4|9|E|9|20|7|28|7|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|H|8|@$9|I|A|J|B|C]|$9|K|A|L|B|C]|$9|M|A|N|B|C]|$9|O|A|P|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|-4|5|6|7|Q|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|G|$]]

I'd offer <code>itertools</code> and <code>functools</code>. These modules operate over abstractions that are found everywhere in programming, so I think they are useful to study. Among more practical things, xml modules (<code>xml.dom</code>, <code>xml.sax</code>) can be very useful.

blocks|key|1825374|text|看看PyMOTW+(Python+Module+Of+The+Week)。尽管它不是严格意义上的stdlib，但它是python+stdlib中显而易见和不那么明显的精华的重要资源。更重要的是，它还可以作为引入模块的优秀文档。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|1825375|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://www.doughellmann.com/PyMOTW/contents.html^0|2|6|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|L|8|@]|9|@$A|M|B|N|1|O]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|-4|5|6|7|P|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|E|$F|$5|G|H|I|C|$J|K]]]]

Have a look at <a href="http://www.doughellmann.com/PyMOTW/contents.html" rel="noreferrer">PyMOTW</a> (Python Module Of The Week). Although it is not strictly stdlib, it's a great resource of obvious and not so obvious gems of the python stdlib. What's more, it also serves as excellent documentation of the introduced modules.

blocks|key|2039497|text|我只记得一个非常实用的模块:复制。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|2039498|我经常使用它的深度拷贝()。|2039499|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|F|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|G|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|D|3|-4|5|6|7|H|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|E|$]]

I just remember a very practical module: copy. 
I use the deepcopy() from it quite often.

blocks|key|1825502|text|我会将urllib2添加到列表中。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1825503|entityMap^0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|D|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|-4|5|6|7|E|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|C|$]]

blocks|key|1825595|text|在一个两小时的时间里，我将介绍easy_install和PyPI+repository：即使它们不在标准库中，它们也使您能够安装许多其他外部模块，并且当您在标准库中找不到它们时，它是第一个要查看的地方。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|1825596|除此之外，我还会介绍numpy、re、doctest/unittest，也许还有pickle。|1825597|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://peak.telecommunity.com/DevCenter/EasyInstall|1|http://pypi.python.org/pypi^0|F|C|0|S|F|1|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|P|8|@]|9|@$A|Q|B|R|1|S]|$A|T|B|U|1|V]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|6|7|W|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|F|3|-4|5|6|7|X|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|G|$H|$5|I|J|K|C|$L|M]]|N|$5|I|J|K|C|$L|O]]]]

In only a one-two hour slot, I would introduce <a href="http://peak.telecommunity.com/DevCenter/EasyInstall" rel="noreferrer">easy_install</a> and the <a href="http://pypi.python.org/pypi" rel="noreferrer">PyPI repository</a>: even if they are not in the standard lib, they enable you to install many other external modules, and it is the first place where to look when you can't find in the standard lib.

Apart from that, I would introduce numpy, re, doctest/unittest, and maybe pickle.

blocks|key|1825608|text|operator，在前面已经提到的内容旁边。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|1825609|entityMap^0|0|8|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|H|8|@$9|I|A|J|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|-4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|G|$]]

<code>operator</code>, next to what's already mentioned.

blocks|key|1825602|text|别忘了datetime，weakref，pickle，StringIO，heapq，可能是线程化的。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1825603|而numpy也值得一提，尽管它不是来自标准库。|1825604|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|F|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|G|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|D|3|-4|5|6|7|H|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|E|$]]

Don't forget about datetime, weakref, pickle, StringIO, heapq, may be threading.

And numpy also worths mentioning, although it is not from the standard library.

blocks|key|2039477|text|os和os.path:因为它们是任何人用Python语言编写平台无关代码所需要的核心模块，学生们可以在学习os和os.path之后从shell脚本切换到python脚本。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|2039478|entityMap^0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|D|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|-4|5|6|7|E|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|C|$]]

os and os.path: because those are the core modules which anyone will require to write platform independent code in python and students can switch from shell script to python script after learning os and os.path.

blocks|key|1825669|text|我想这里的每个人都得到了所有重要的东西，除了sys。如果您查看实际的Python代码，sys可能是最常用的模块之一(通常是因为sys.version)。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|1825670|另外，它并不是一个真正的模块，但我想提一下__future__。|1825671|没有人应该在不使用import+this的情况下使用Python。|1825672|entityMap^0|M|3|17|3|1R|B|0|L|A|0|9|B|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|L|8|@$9|M|A|N|B|C]|$9|O|A|P|B|C]|$9|Q|A|R|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|6|7|S|8|@$9|T|A|U|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|H|3|I|5|6|7|V|8|@$9|W|A|X|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|J|3|-4|5|6|7|Y|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|K|$]]

I think everyone here got all the important ones, except for <code>sys</code>. If you look at actual Python code, <code>sys</code> is probably one of the most commonly used modules (usually because of <code>sys.version</code>). 

Also, it's not really a module, but I would mention <code>__future__</code>.

And nobody should use Python without doing <code>import this</code>.

blocks|key|2039188|text|除了你提到的那些，我发现子进程和sqlite3模块特别有用。但我当然会建议学生们自己看看标准库模块的列表。另外，在标准库之外的模块中，我会提到numpy+(或numarray)和pyparsing。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|2039189|entityMap^0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|D|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|-4|5|6|7|E|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|C|$]]

Aside from those you mentioned, I found subprocess and sqlite3 modules particularly useful. But I would certainly advice to students to take a look at the list of standard library modules themselves. Also, from modules outside of standard library, I would mention numpy (or numarray) and pyparsing.

blocks|key|1825477|text|我会在decimal模块上增加一些权重。如果他们是编程新手，他们肯定不会意识到floating+point+accuracy的含义。如果使用货币或其他单位时，必须通过几次数学运算保持精确的小数精度，则decimal模块非常有价值。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|1825478|当然，当你不需要那么准确的时候，你可能会想要触及一些情况。|1825479|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://docs.python.org/library/decimal.html|1|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floating_point#Accuracy_problems^0|3|7|2S|7|3|7|0|13|N|1|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|R|8|@$9|S|A|T|B|C]|$9|U|A|V|B|C]]|D|@$9|W|A|X|1|Y]|$9|Z|A|10|1|11]]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|6|7|12|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|H|3|-4|5|6|7|13|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|I|$J|$5|K|L|M|E|$N|O]]|P|$5|K|L|M|E|$N|Q]]]]

I'd place some weight on the <a href="http://docs.python.org/library/decimal.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><code>decimal</code></a> module. If they are beginners at programming, they certainly won't be aware of the implications of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floating_point#Accuracy_problems" rel="nofollow noreferrer">floating point accuracy</a>. The <code>decimal</code> module is extremely valuable if working with currency or other units that must retain exact decimal precision through several mathematic operations.

Of course, you'd probably want to touch on situations when you don't need to be that accurate as well.

blocks|key|1825676|text|对于理科学生来说，一个鲜为人知但功能强大的模块'networkx‘将是有价值的。但他们需要先安装它。这个模块有很好的文档记录：http://networkx.lanl.gov/index.html|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|1825677|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://networkx.lanl.gov/index.html^0|1R|Z|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|L|8|@]|9|@$A|M|B|N|1|O]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|-4|5|6|7|P|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|E|$F|$5|G|H|I|C|$J|K]]]]

For science student, a rarely heard but powerful module 'networkx' will be valuable. But they need to install it first. This module is well documented: <a href="http://networkx.lanl.gov/index.html" rel="nofollow">http://networkx.lanl.gov/index.html</a>

blocks|key|2039518|text|没有timeit很难活下去|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|2039519|>>>+#+Python+shell+usage
...+import+timeit
>>>+tt+=+timeit.Timer("foo+=+'time+this'",+"print+'setup+with+this+arg'")
>>>+tt.timeit(number=1000)
setup+with+this+arg
0.00021100044250488281
>>>

[mpenning@Bucksnort+~]$+#+Bash+shell+usage
[mpenning@Bucksnort+~]$+#+5+runs+with+1000+samples+each.
[mpenning@Bucksnort+~]$+python+-m+timeit+-n+1000+-r+5+-s+"print+'setup+w/+this+arg'"+\
++++"foo+=+'time+this'"
setup+w/+this+arg
setup+w/+this+arg
setup+w/+this+arg
setup+w/+this+arg
setup+w/+this+arg
1000+loops,+best+of+5:+0.173+usec+per+loop
[mpenning@Bucksnort+~]$|code-block|syntax|javascript|2039520|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://docs.python.org/library/timeit.html^0|2|6|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|Q|8|@]|9|@$A|R|B|S|1|T]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|F|7|U|8|@]|9|@]|C|$G|H]]|$1|I|3|-4|5|6|7|V|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|J|$K|$5|L|M|N|C|$O|P]]]]

It is hard to live without <a href="http://docs.python.org/library/timeit.html" rel="nofollow">timeit</a>

<pre><code>&gt;&gt;&gt; # Python shell usage
... import timeit
&gt;&gt;&gt; tt = timeit.Timer("foo = 'time this'", "print 'setup with this arg'")
&gt;&gt;&gt; tt.timeit(number=1000)
setup with this arg
0.00021100044250488281
&gt;&gt;&gt;

[mpenning@Bucksnort ~]$ # Bash shell usage
[mpenning@Bucksnort ~]$ # 5 runs with 1000 samples each.
[mpenning@Bucksnort ~]$ python -m timeit -n 1000 -r 5 -s "print 'setup w/ this arg'" \
 "foo = 'time this'"
setup w/ this arg
setup w/ this arg
setup w/ this arg
setup w/ this arg
setup w/ this arg
1000 loops, best of 5: 0.173 usec per loop
[mpenning@Bucksnort ~]$
</code></pre>

I am teaching a graduate level Python class at the University of Paris, and the students need to be introduced to the standard library. I want to discuss with them about some of the most important standard modules.

What modules do you think are absolute musts? Even though responses probably vary depending on your field (web programming, science, etc.), I feel that some modules are commonly needed: <code>math</code>, <code>sys</code>, <code>re</code>, <code>os</code>, <code>os.path</code>, <code>logging</code>,… and maybe: <code>collections</code>, <code>struct</code>,…

What modules would you suggest I present, in a 1 or 2 hour slot?

Most useful Python modules from the standard library?

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我在巴黎大学教授研究生水平的Python课程，需要向学生介绍标准库。我想和他们讨论一些最重要的标准模块。您认为哪些模块是绝对必需的？尽管响应可能会因您的领域(web编程、科学等)而有所不同，但我觉得一些模块是常用的：math、sys、re、os、os.path、logging、…也许还有：collections，struct，…你建议我在1到2个小时的时间里展示哪些模块？

问标准库中最有用的Python模块？
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回答 14

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