blocks|key|631972|text|您应该看看shelve和pickle模块。如果需要存储大量数据，最好使用数据库|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|631973|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://docs.python.org/library/shelve.html#module-shelve|1|http://docs.python.org/library/pickle.html#module-pickle^0|5|6|0|C|6|1|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|N|8|@]|9|@$A|O|B|P|1|Q]|$A|R|B|S|1|T]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|-4|5|6|7|U|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|E|$F|$5|G|H|I|C|$J|K]]|L|$5|G|H|I|C|$J|M]]]]

You should look at the <a href="http://docs.python.org/library/shelve.html#module-shelve">shelve</a> and <a href="http://docs.python.org/library/pickle.html#module-pickle">pickle</a> modules. If you need to store a lot of data it may be better to use a database

blocks|key|848411|text|有一个名为pickle的内置库。使用pickle，您可以将对象转储到文件中，并在以后加载它们。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|848412|import+pickle

f+=+open('store.pckl',+'wb')
pickle.dump(obj,+f)
f.close()

f+=+open('store.pckl',+'rb')
obj+=+pickle.load(f)
f.close()|code-block|syntax|javascript|848413|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://docs.python.org/library/pickle.html|1^0|5|6|I|6|5|6|0|I|6|1|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|T|8|@$9|U|A|V|B|C]|$9|W|A|X|B|C]]|D|@$9|Y|A|Z|1|10]|$9|11|A|12|1|13]]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|H|7|14|8|@]|D|@]|E|$I|J]]|$1|K|3|-4|5|6|7|15|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|L|$M|$5|N|O|P|E|$Q|R]]|S|$5|N|O|P|E|$Q|R]]]]

There is a built-in library called <a href="http://docs.python.org/library/pickle.html" rel="noreferrer"><code>pickle</code></a>. Using <a href="http://docs.python.org/library/pickle.html" rel="noreferrer"><code>pickle</code></a> you can dump objects to a file and load them later.

<pre><code>import pickle

f = open('store.pckl', 'wb')
pickle.dump(obj, f)
f.close()

f = open('store.pckl', 'rb')
obj = pickle.load(f)
f.close()
</code></pre>

blocks|key|632057|text|如果需要保存多个对象，可以简单地将它们放在单个列表或元组中，例如：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|632058|import+pickle

#+obj0,+obj1,+obj2+are+created+here...

#+Saving+the+objects:
with+open('objs.pkl',+'w')+as+f:++#+Python+3:+open(...,+'wb')
++++pickle.dump([obj0,+obj1,+obj2],+f)

#+Getting+back+the+objects:
with+open('objs.pkl')+as+f:++#+Python+3:+open(...,+'rb')
++++obj0,+obj1,+obj2+=+pickle.load(f)|code-block|syntax|javascript|632059|如果您有大量数据，可以通过将protocol=-1传递给dump()来减小文件大小；然后，pickle将使用最佳可用协议，而不是默认的历史协议(以及更向后兼容的协议)。在这种情况下，必须以二进制模式(分别为wb和rb+)打开文件。|offset|length|style|CODE|632060|二进制模式也应该与Python3一起使用，因为它的默认协议生成二进制(即非文本)数据(写入模式'wb'和读取模式'rb')。|632061|entityMap^0|0|0|E|B|S|6|19|6|2V|2|2Y|2|0|1B|4|1K|4|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|Q|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|R|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|H|5|6|7|S|8|@$I|T|J|U|K|L]|$I|V|J|W|K|L]|$I|X|J|Y|K|L]|$I|Z|J|10|K|L]|$I|11|J|12|K|L]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|M|3|N|5|6|7|13|8|@$I|14|J|15|K|L]|$I|16|J|17|K|L]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|O|3|-4|5|6|7|18|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|P|$]]

If you need to save multiple objects, you can simply put them in a single list, or tuple, for instance:

<pre><code>import pickle

# obj0, obj1, obj2 are created here...

# Saving the objects:
with open('objs.pkl', 'w') as f: # Python 3: open(..., 'wb')
 pickle.dump([obj0, obj1, obj2], f)

# Getting back the objects:
with open('objs.pkl') as f: # Python 3: open(..., 'rb')
 obj0, obj1, obj2 = pickle.load(f)
</code></pre>

If you have a lot of data, you can reduce the file size by passing <code>protocol=-1</code> to <code>dump()</code>; <code>pickle</code> will then use the best available protocol instead of the default historical (and more backward-compatible) protocol. In this case, the file must be opened in binary mode (<code>wb</code> and <code>rb</code>, respectively).

The binary mode should also be used with Python 3, as its default protocol produces binary (i.e. non-text) data (writing mode <code>'wb'</code> and reading mode <code>'rb'</code>).

blocks|key|848511|text|您可以使用klepto，它提供对内存、磁盘或数据库的持久缓存。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|848512|dude@hilbert>$+python
Python+2.7.6+(default,+Nov+12+2013,+13:26:39)+
[GCC+4.2.1+Compatible+Apple+Clang+4.1+((tags/Apple/clang-421.11.66))]+on+darwin
Type+"help",+"copyright",+"credits"+or+"license"+for+more+information.
>>>+from+klepto.archives+import+file_archive
>>>+db+=+file_archive('foo.txt')
>>>+db['1']+=+1
>>>+db['max']+=+max
>>>+squared+=+lambda+x:+x**2
>>>+db['squared']+=+squared
>>>+def+add(x,y):
...+++return+x%2By
...+
>>>+db['add']+=+add
>>>+class+Foo(object):
...+++y+=+1
...+++def+bar(self,+x):
...+++++return+self.y+%2B+x
...+
>>>+db['Foo']+=+Foo
>>>+f+=+Foo()
>>>+db['f']+=+f++
>>>+db.dump()
>>>+|code-block|syntax|javascript|848513|然后，在解释器重新启动后...|848514|dude@hilbert>$+python
Python+2.7.6+(default,+Nov+12+2013,+13:26:39)+
[GCC+4.2.1+Compatible+Apple+Clang+4.1+((tags/Apple/clang-421.11.66))]+on+darwin
Type+"help",+"copyright",+"credits"+or+"license"+for+more+information.
>>>+from+klepto.archives+import+file_archive
>>>+db+=+file_archive('foo.txt')
>>>+db
file_archive('foo.txt',+{},+cached=True)
>>>+db.load()
>>>+db
file_archive('foo.txt',+{'1':+1,+'add':+<function+add+at+0x10610a0c8>,+'f':+<__main__.Foo+object+at+0x10510ced0>,+'max':+<built-in+function+max>,+'Foo':+<class+'__main__.Foo'>,+'squared':+<function+<lambda>+at+0x10610a1b8>},+cached=True)
>>>+db['add'](2,3)
5
>>>+db['squared'](3)
9
>>>+db['f'].bar(4)
5
>>>+|848515|从这里获取代码：https://github.com/uqfoundation|848516|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|https://github.com/uqfoundation^0|5|6|0|0|0|0|8|V|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|Y|8|@$9|Z|A|10|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|H|7|11|8|@]|D|@]|E|$I|J]]|$1|K|3|L|5|6|7|12|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|M|3|N|5|H|7|13|8|@]|D|@]|E|$I|J]]|$1|O|3|P|5|6|7|14|8|@]|D|@$9|15|A|16|1|17]]|E|$]]|$1|Q|3|-4|5|6|7|18|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|R|$S|$5|T|U|V|E|$W|X]]]]

You could use <code>klepto</code>, which provides persistent caching to memory, disk, or database.

<pre><code>dude@hilbert&gt;$ python
Python 2.7.6 (default, Nov 12 2013, 13:26:39) 
[GCC 4.2.1 Compatible Apple Clang 4.1 ((tags/Apple/clang-421.11.66))] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
&gt;&gt;&gt; from klepto.archives import file_archive
&gt;&gt;&gt; db = file_archive('foo.txt')
&gt;&gt;&gt; db['1'] = 1
&gt;&gt;&gt; db['max'] = max
&gt;&gt;&gt; squared = lambda x: x**2
&gt;&gt;&gt; db['squared'] = squared
&gt;&gt;&gt; def add(x,y):
... return x+y
... 
&gt;&gt;&gt; db['add'] = add
&gt;&gt;&gt; class Foo(object):
... y = 1
... def bar(self, x):
... return self.y + x
... 
&gt;&gt;&gt; db['Foo'] = Foo
&gt;&gt;&gt; f = Foo()
&gt;&gt;&gt; db['f'] = f 
&gt;&gt;&gt; db.dump()
&gt;&gt;&gt; 
</code></pre>

Then, after interpreter restart...

<pre><code>dude@hilbert&gt;$ python
Python 2.7.6 (default, Nov 12 2013, 13:26:39) 
[GCC 4.2.1 Compatible Apple Clang 4.1 ((tags/Apple/clang-421.11.66))] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
&gt;&gt;&gt; from klepto.archives import file_archive
&gt;&gt;&gt; db = file_archive('foo.txt')
&gt;&gt;&gt; db
file_archive('foo.txt', {}, cached=True)
&gt;&gt;&gt; db.load()
&gt;&gt;&gt; db
file_archive('foo.txt', {'1': 1, 'add': &lt;function add at 0x10610a0c8&gt;, 'f': &lt;__main__.Foo object at 0x10510ced0&gt;, 'max': &lt;built-in function max&gt;, 'Foo': &lt;class '__main__.Foo'&gt;, 'squared': &lt;function &lt;lambda&gt; at 0x10610a1b8&gt;}, cached=True)
&gt;&gt;&gt; db['add'](2,3)
5
&gt;&gt;&gt; db['squared'](3)
9
&gt;&gt;&gt; db['f'].bar(4)
5
&gt;&gt;&gt; 
</code></pre>

Get the code here:
 <a href="https://github.com/uqfoundation" rel="nofollow">https://github.com/uqfoundation</a>

blocks|key|632151|text|以下方法看起来很简单，可以与不同大小的变量一起使用：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|632152|import+hickle+as+hkl
#+write+variables+to+filename+[a,b,c+can+be+of+any+size]
hkl.dump([a,b,c],+filename)

#+load+variables+from+filename
a,b,c+=+hkl.load(filename)|code-block|syntax|javascript|632153|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|I|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|J|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|-4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|H|$]]

The following approach seems simple and can be used with variables of different size:

<pre><code>import hickle as hkl
# write variables to filename [a,b,c can be of any size]
hkl.dump([a,b,c], filename)

# load variables from filename
a,b,c = hkl.load(filename)
</code></pre>

blocks|key|632185|text|将多个变量保存到pickle文件的另一种方法是：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|632186|import+pickle

a+=+3;+b+=+[11,223,435];
pickle.dump([a,b],+open("trial.p",+"wb"))

c,d+=+pickle.load(open("trial.p","rb"))

print(c,d)+##+To+verify|code-block|syntax|javascript|632187|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|I|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|J|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|-4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|H|$]]

Another approach to saving multiple variables to a pickle file is:

<pre><code>import pickle

a = 3; b = [11,223,435];
pickle.dump([a,b], open("trial.p", "wb"))

c,d = pickle.load(open("trial.p","rb"))

print(c,d) ## To verify
</code></pre>

I need to save about a dozen objects to a file and then restore them later.
I've tried to use a for loop with pickle and shelve but it didn't work right.
Edit. 
All of the objects that I was trying to save were in the same class (I should have mentioned this before), and I didn't realize that I could just save the whole class like this:
<pre><code>import pickle
def saveLoad(opt):
 global calc
 if opt == &quot;save&quot;:
 f = file(filename, 'wb')
 pickle.dump(calc, f, 2)
 f.close
 print 'data saved'
 elif opt == &quot;load&quot;:
 f = file(filename, 'rb')
 calc = pickle.load(f)
 else:
 print 'Invalid saveLoad option'
</code></pre>

How do I save and restore multiple variables in python?

翻译质量差，导致语言生硬或混乱。

没有提供实际的解决方法或示例。

解答不清晰，无法理解或解决问题。

页面排版不美观，阅读体验差。

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我需要将大约12个对象保存到一个文件中，然后在稍后恢复它们。我试着使用for循环和酸菜和搁板，但它不能正常工作。编辑。我试图保存的所有对象都在同一个类中(我之前应该提到这一点)，我没有意识到我可以像这样保存整个类：import pickledef saveLoad(opt):    global calc    if ...

问如何在python中保存和恢复多个变量？
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