我真的希望能够为我的应用程序打印出有效的SQL,包括值,而不是绑定参数,但是在SQLAlchemy中如何做到这一点并不明显(根据设计,我相当确定)。
有没有人用一般的方法解决了这个问题?
发布于 2011-04-18 11:53:49
这在Python2和Python3中都可以工作,并且比以前更干净一些,但需要SA>=1.0。
from sqlalchemy.engine.default import DefaultDialect
from sqlalchemy.sql.sqltypes import String, DateTime, NullType
# python2/3 compatible.
PY3 = str is not bytes
text = str if PY3 else unicode
int_type = int if PY3 else (int, long)
str_type = str if PY3 else (str, unicode)
class StringLiteral(String):
"""Teach SA how to literalize various things."""
def literal_processor(self, dialect):
super_processor = super(StringLiteral, self).literal_processor(dialect)
def process(value):
if isinstance(value, int_type):
return text(value)
if not isinstance(value, str_type):
value = text(value)
result = super_processor(value)
if isinstance(result, bytes):
result = result.decode(dialect.encoding)
return result
return process
class LiteralDialect(DefaultDialect):
colspecs = {
# prevent various encoding explosions
String: StringLiteral,
# teach SA about how to literalize a datetime
DateTime: StringLiteral,
# don't format py2 long integers to NULL
NullType: StringLiteral,
}
def literalquery(statement):
"""NOTE: This is entirely insecure. DO NOT execute the resulting strings."""
import sqlalchemy.orm
if isinstance(statement, sqlalchemy.orm.Query):
statement = statement.statement
return statement.compile(
dialect=LiteralDialect(),
compile_kwargs={'literal_binds': True},
).string
演示:
# coding: UTF-8
from datetime import datetime
from decimal import Decimal
from literalquery import literalquery
def test():
from sqlalchemy.sql import table, column, select
mytable = table('mytable', column('mycol'))
values = (
5,
u'snowman: ☃',
b'UTF-8 snowman: \xe2\x98\x83',
datetime.now(),
Decimal('3.14159'),
10 ** 20, # a long integer
)
statement = select([mytable]).where(mytable.c.mycol.in_(values)).limit(1)
print(literalquery(statement))
if __name__ == '__main__':
test()
给出这样的输出:(在python 2.7和3.4中测试)
SELECT mytable.mycol
FROM mytable
WHERE mytable.mycol IN (5, 'snowman: ☃', 'UTF-8 snowman: ☃',
'2015-06-24 18:09:29.042517', 3.14159, 100000000000000000000)
LIMIT 1
发布于 2015-05-12 18:17:28
因此,基于@zzzeek对@bukzor代码的评论,我想出了一个简单的“可打印的”查询:
def prettyprintable(statement, dialect=None, reindent=True):
"""Generate an SQL expression string with bound parameters rendered inline
for the given SQLAlchemy statement. The function can also receive a
`sqlalchemy.orm.Query` object instead of statement.
can
WARNING: Should only be used for debugging. Inlining parameters is not
safe when handling user created data.
"""
import sqlparse
import sqlalchemy.orm
if isinstance(statement, sqlalchemy.orm.Query):
if dialect is None:
dialect = statement.session.get_bind().dialect
statement = statement.statement
compiled = statement.compile(dialect=dialect,
compile_kwargs={'literal_binds': True})
return sqlparse.format(str(compiled), reindent=reindent)
我个人很难读懂没有缩进的代码,所以我使用了sqlparse
来重新压缩SQL。它可以与pip install sqlparse
一起安装。
发布于 2012-03-28 05:41:07
这段代码基于@bukzor的brilliant existing answer。我刚刚在Oracle的TO_DATE()
中添加了datetime.datetime
类型的自定义呈现。
随时更新代码以适合您的数据库:
import decimal
import datetime
def printquery(statement, bind=None):
"""
print a query, with values filled in
for debugging purposes *only*
for security, you should always separate queries from their values
please also note that this function is quite slow
"""
import sqlalchemy.orm
if isinstance(statement, sqlalchemy.orm.Query):
if bind is None:
bind = statement.session.get_bind(
statement._mapper_zero_or_none()
)
statement = statement.statement
elif bind is None:
bind = statement.bind
dialect = bind.dialect
compiler = statement._compiler(dialect)
class LiteralCompiler(compiler.__class__):
def visit_bindparam(
self, bindparam, within_columns_clause=False,
literal_binds=False, **kwargs
):
return super(LiteralCompiler, self).render_literal_bindparam(
bindparam, within_columns_clause=within_columns_clause,
literal_binds=literal_binds, **kwargs
)
def render_literal_value(self, value, type_):
"""Render the value of a bind parameter as a quoted literal.
This is used for statement sections that do not accept bind paramters
on the target driver/database.
This should be implemented by subclasses using the quoting services
of the DBAPI.
"""
if isinstance(value, basestring):
value = value.replace("'", "''")
return "'%s'" % value
elif value is None:
return "NULL"
elif isinstance(value, (float, int, long)):
return repr(value)
elif isinstance(value, decimal.Decimal):
return str(value)
elif isinstance(value, datetime.datetime):
return "TO_DATE('%s','YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS')" % value.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
else:
raise NotImplementedError(
"Don't know how to literal-quote value %r" % value)
compiler = LiteralCompiler(dialect, statement)
print compiler.process(statement)
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/5631078
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