blocks|key|1541918|text|尝试HttpUnit，尽管您最终可能会编写更多的“集成测试”(模块的)而不是“单元测试”(单个类的)的自动化测试。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|1541919|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://httpunit.sourceforge.net/^0|2|8|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|L|8|@]|9|@$A|M|B|N|1|O]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|-4|5|6|7|P|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|E|$F|$5|G|H|I|C|$J|K]]]]

Try <a href="http://httpunit.sourceforge.net/" rel="noreferrer">HttpUnit</a>, although you are likely to end up writing automated tests that are more 'integration tests' (of a module) than 'unit tests' (of a single class).

blocks|key|1756916|text|您是否在单元测试中手动调用doPost和doGet方法？如果是这样的话，您可以覆盖HttpServletRequest方法来提供模拟对象。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1756917|myServlet.doGet(new+HttpServletRequestWrapper()+{
+++++public+HttpSession+getSession()+{
+++++++++return+mockSession;
+++++}

+++++...
}|code-block|syntax|javascript|1756918|HttpServletRequestWrapper是一个方便的Java类。我建议您在单元测试中创建一个实用程序方法来创建模拟http请求：|offset|length|1756919|public+void+testSomething()+{
++++myServlet.doGet(createMockRequest(),+createMockResponse());
}

protected+HttpServletRequest+createMockRequest()+{
+++HttpServletRequest+request+=+new+HttpServletRequestWrapper()+{
++++++++//overrided+methods+++
+++}
}|1756920|更好的做法是将模拟创建方法放在一个基本的servlet超类中，并进行所有servlet单元测试来扩展它。|1756921|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://java.sun.com/j2ee/sdk_1.3/techdocs/api/javax/servlet/http/HttpServletRequestWrapper.html^0|0|0|0|P|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|W|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|X|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|H|5|6|7|Y|8|@]|9|@$I|Z|J|10|1|11]]|A|$]]|$1|K|3|L|5|D|7|12|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|M|3|N|5|6|7|13|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|O|3|-4|5|6|7|14|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|P|$Q|$5|R|S|T|A|$U|V]]]]

Are you calling the doPost and doGet methods manually in the unit tests? If so you can override the HttpServletRequest methods to provide mock objects.

<pre><code>myServlet.doGet(new HttpServletRequestWrapper() {
 public HttpSession getSession() {
 return mockSession;
 }

 ...
}
</code></pre>

The <a href="http://java.sun.com/j2ee/sdk_1.3/techdocs/api/javax/servlet/http/HttpServletRequestWrapper.html" rel="noreferrer">HttpServletRequestWrapper</a> is a convenience Java class. I suggest you to create a utility method in your unit tests to create the mock http requests:

<pre><code>public void testSomething() {
 myServlet.doGet(createMockRequest(), createMockResponse());
}

protected HttpServletRequest createMockRequest() {
 HttpServletRequest request = new HttpServletRequestWrapper() {
 //overrided methods 
 }
}
</code></pre>

It's even better to put the mock creation methods in a base servlet superclass and make all servlets unit tests to extend it.

blocks|key|1756996|text|Mockrunner+(http://mockrunner.sourceforge.net/index.html)可以做到这一点。它提供了一个模拟的J2EE容器，可用于测试Servlets。它还可以用于对其他服务器端代码进行单元测试，如EJB、JDBC、JMS、Struts。我自己只使用过JDBC和EJB功能。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|1756997|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://mockrunner.sourceforge.net/index.html^0|C|18|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|L|8|@]|9|@$A|M|B|N|1|O]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|-4|5|6|7|P|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|E|$F|$5|G|H|I|C|$J|K]]]]

Mockrunner (<a href="http://mockrunner.sourceforge.net/index.html" rel="noreferrer">http://mockrunner.sourceforge.net/index.html</a>) can do this. It provides a mock J2EE container that can be used to test Servlets. It can also be used to unit test other server-side code like EJBs, JDBC, JMS, Struts. I've only used the JDBC and EJB capabilities myself.

blocks|key|1757100|text|更新2018年2月：OpenBrace+Limited+has+closed+down，不再支持其ObMimic产品。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|1757101|另一种解决方案是使用我的ObMimic库，它是专门为servlet的单元测试而设计的。它提供了所有Servlet+API类的完整纯Java实现，您可以根据测试需要配置和检查这些实现。|1757102|您确实可以使用它从JUnit或TestNG测试中直接调用doGet/doPost方法，并测试任何内部方法，即使它们引用ServletContext或使用会话参数(或任何其他Servlet+API特性)。|1757103|这不需要外部或嵌入式容器，不会限制您进行更广泛的基于HTTP的“集成”测试，而且与通用mock不同，它具有“烘焙”的完整Servlet+API行为，因此您的测试可以是“状态”-based而不是“交互”-based(例如，您的测试不必依赖于代码发出的Servlet+API调用的精确序列，也不必依赖于您自己对Servlet+API将如何响应每个调用的期望)。|1757104|在我对How+to+test+my+servlet+using+JUnit的回答中有一个简单的例子。有关详细信息和免费下载，请访问ObMimic网站。|1757105|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|https://closingbraces.net/openbrace/|1|http://www.openbrace.com/|2|https://stackoverflow.com/questions/5434419/how-to-test-my-servlet-using-junit|3^0|A|X|0|0|C|7|1|0|0|0|3|Y|2|1T|7|3|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|Y|8|@]|9|@$A|Z|B|10|1|11]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|6|7|12|8|@]|9|@$A|13|B|14|1|15]]|C|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|6|7|16|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|H|3|I|5|6|7|17|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|J|3|K|5|6|7|18|8|@]|9|@$A|19|B|1A|1|1B]|$A|1C|B|1D|1|1E]]|C|$]]|$1|L|3|-4|5|6|7|1F|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|M|$N|$5|O|P|Q|C|$R|S]]|T|$5|O|P|Q|C|$R|U]]|V|$5|O|P|Q|C|$R|W]]|X|$5|O|P|Q|C|$R|U]]]]

Updated Feb 2018: <a href="https://closingbraces.net/openbrace/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">OpenBrace Limited has closed down</a>, and its ObMimic product is no longer supported.

Another solution is to use my <a href="http://www.openbrace.com" rel="nofollow noreferrer">ObMimic</a> library, which is specifically designed for unit testing of servlets. It provides complete plain-Java implementations of all the Servlet API classes, and you can configure and inspect these as necessary for your tests.

You can indeed use it to directly call doGet/doPost methods from JUnit or TestNG tests, and to test any internal methods even if they refer to the ServletContext or use session parameters (or any other Servlet API features).

This doesn't need an external or embedded container, doesn't limit you to broader HTTP-based "integration" tests, and unlike general-purpose mocks it has the full Servlet API behaviour "baked in", so your tests can be "state"-based rather than "interaction"-based (e.g. your tests don't have to rely on the precise sequence of Servlet API calls made by your code, nor on your own expectations of how the Servlet API will respond to each call).

There's a simple example in my answer to <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/5434419/how-to-test-my-servlet-using-junit">How to test my servlet using JUnit</a>. For full details and a free download see the <a href="http://www.openbrace.com" rel="nofollow noreferrer">ObMimic</a> website.

blocks|key|1757136|text|servlet+doPost()方法的JUnit测试的实现仅依赖于模拟HttpRequest、HttpResponse、HttpSession、ServletResponse和RequestDispatcher实例的Mockito库。将参数键和JavaBean实例替换为与调用doPost()的关联JSP文件中引用的值相对应的值。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|1757137|Mockito+Maven依赖：|1757138|<dependency>
++++++<groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
++++++<artifactId>mockito-all</artifactId>
++++++<version>1.9.5</version>
</dependency>|code-block|syntax|javascript|1757139|JUnit测试：|1757140|import+javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher;
import+javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import+javax.servlet.ServletException;
import+javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import+javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import+javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import+javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;

import+java.io.IOException;

import+static+org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
import+static+org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
import+static+org.mockito.Mockito.*;

/**
+*+Unit+tests+for+the+{@code+StockSearchServlet}+class.
+*+@author+Bob+Basmaji
+*/
public+class+StockSearchServletTest+extends+HttpServlet+{
++++//+private+fields+of+this+class
++++private+static+HttpServletRequest+request;
++++private+static+HttpServletResponse+response;
++++private+static+StockSearchServlet+servlet;
++++private+static+final+String+SYMBOL_PARAMETER_KEY+=+"symbol";
++++private+static+final+String+STARTRANGE_PARAMETER_KEY+=+"startRange";
++++private+static+final+String+ENDRANGE_PARAMETER_KEY+=+"endRange";
++++private+static+final+String+INTERVAL_PARAMETER_KEY+=+"interval";
++++private+static+final+String+SERVICETYPE_PARAMETER_KEY+=+"serviceType";

++++/**
+++++*+Sets+up+the+logic+common+to+each+test+in+this+class
+++++*/
++++@Before
++++public+final+void+setUp()+{
++++++++request+=+mock(HttpServletRequest.class);
++++++++response+=+mock(HttpServletResponse.class);

++++++++when(request.getParameter("symbol"))
++++++++++++++++.thenReturn("AAPL");

++++++++when(request.getParameter("startRange"))
++++++++++++++++.thenReturn("2016-04-23+00:00:00");

++++++++when(request.getParameter("endRange"))
++++++++++++++++.thenReturn("2016-07-23+00:00:00");

++++++++when(request.getParameter("interval"))
++++++++++++++++.thenReturn("DAY");

++++++++when(request.getParameter("serviceType"))
++++++++++++++++.thenReturn("WEB");

++++++++String+symbol+=+request.getParameter(SYMBOL_PARAMETER_KEY);
++++++++String+startRange+=+request.getParameter(STARTRANGE_PARAMETER_KEY);
++++++++String+endRange+=+request.getParameter(ENDRANGE_PARAMETER_KEY);
++++++++String+interval+=+request.getParameter(INTERVAL_PARAMETER_KEY);
++++++++String+serviceType+=+request.getParameter(SERVICETYPE_PARAMETER_KEY);

++++++++HttpSession+session+=+mock(HttpSession.class);
++++++++when(request.getSession()).thenReturn(session);
++++++++final+ServletContext+servletContext+=+mock(ServletContext.class);
++++++++RequestDispatcher+dispatcher+=+mock(RequestDispatcher.class);
++++++++when(servletContext.getRequestDispatcher("/stocksearchResults.jsp")).thenReturn(dispatcher);
++++++++servlet+=+new+StockSearchServlet()+{
++++++++++++public+ServletContext+getServletContext()+{
++++++++++++++++return+servletContext;+//+return+the+mock
++++++++++++}
++++++++};

++++++++StockSearchBean+search+=+new+StockSearchBean(symbol,+startRange,+endRange,+interval);
++++++++try+{
++++++++++++switch+(serviceType)+{
++++++++++++++++case+("BASIC"):
++++++++++++++++++++search.processData(ServiceType.BASIC);
++++++++++++++++++++break;
++++++++++++++++case+("DATABASE"):
++++++++++++++++++++search.processData(ServiceType.DATABASE);
++++++++++++++++++++break;
++++++++++++++++case+("WEB"):
++++++++++++++++++++search.processData(ServiceType.WEB);
++++++++++++++++++++break;
++++++++++++++++default:
++++++++++++++++++++search.processData(ServiceType.WEB);
++++++++++++}
++++++++}+catch+(StockServiceException+e)+{
++++++++++++throw+new+RuntimeException(e.getMessage());
++++++++}
++++++++session.setAttribute("search",+search);
++++}

++++/**
+++++*+Verifies+that+the+doPost+method+throws+an+exception+when+passed+null+arguments
+++++*+@throws+ServletException
+++++*+@throws+IOException
+++++*/
++++@Test(expected+=+NullPointerException.class)
++++public+final+void+testDoPostPositive()+throws+ServletException,+IOException+{
++++++++servlet.doPost(null,+null);
++++}

++++/**
+++++*+Verifies+that+the+doPost+method+runs+without+exception
+++++*+@throws+ServletException
+++++*+@throws+IOException
+++++*/
++++@Test
++++public+final+void+testDoPostNegative()+throws+ServletException,+IOException+{
++++++++boolean+throwsException+=+false;
++++++++try+{
++++++++++++servlet.doPost(request,+response);
++++++++}+catch+(Exception+e)+{
++++++++++++throwsException+=+true;
++++++++}
++++++++assertFalse("doPost+throws+an+exception",+throwsException);
++++}
}|1757141|entityMap^0|Z|B|1B|C|1O|B|20|F|2G|H|0|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|S|8|@$9|T|A|U|B|C]|$9|V|A|W|B|C]|$9|X|A|Y|B|C]|$9|Z|A|10|B|C]|$9|11|A|12|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|6|7|13|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|H|3|I|5|J|7|14|8|@]|D|@]|E|$K|L]]|$1|M|3|N|5|6|7|15|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|O|3|P|5|J|7|16|8|@]|D|@]|E|$K|L]]|$1|Q|3|-4|5|6|7|17|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|R|$]]

This implementation of a JUnit test for servlet doPost() method relies only on the Mockito library for mocking up instances of <code>HttpRequest</code>, <code>HttpResponse</code>, <code>HttpSession</code>, <code>ServletResponse</code> and <code>RequestDispatcher</code>. Replace parameter keys and JavaBean instance with those that correspond to values referenced in the associated JSP file from which doPost() is called.

Mockito Maven dependency:

<pre><code>&lt;dependency&gt;
 &lt;groupId&gt;org.mockito&lt;/groupId&gt;
 &lt;artifactId&gt;mockito-all&lt;/artifactId&gt;
 &lt;version&gt;1.9.5&lt;/version&gt;
&lt;/dependency&gt;
</code></pre>

JUnit test:

<pre><code>import javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;

import java.io.IOException;

import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.*;

/**
 * Unit tests for the {@code StockSearchServlet} class.
 * @author Bob Basmaji
 */
public class StockSearchServletTest extends HttpServlet {
 // private fields of this class
 private static HttpServletRequest request;
 private static HttpServletResponse response;
 private static StockSearchServlet servlet;
 private static final String SYMBOL_PARAMETER_KEY = "symbol";
 private static final String STARTRANGE_PARAMETER_KEY = "startRange";
 private static final String ENDRANGE_PARAMETER_KEY = "endRange";
 private static final String INTERVAL_PARAMETER_KEY = "interval";
 private static final String SERVICETYPE_PARAMETER_KEY = "serviceType";

 /**
 * Sets up the logic common to each test in this class
 */
 @Before
 public final void setUp() {
 request = mock(HttpServletRequest.class);
 response = mock(HttpServletResponse.class);

 when(request.getParameter("symbol"))
 .thenReturn("AAPL");

 when(request.getParameter("startRange"))
 .thenReturn("2016-04-23 00:00:00");

 when(request.getParameter("endRange"))
 .thenReturn("2016-07-23 00:00:00");

 when(request.getParameter("interval"))
 .thenReturn("DAY");

 when(request.getParameter("serviceType"))
 .thenReturn("WEB");

 String symbol = request.getParameter(SYMBOL_PARAMETER_KEY);
 String startRange = request.getParameter(STARTRANGE_PARAMETER_KEY);
 String endRange = request.getParameter(ENDRANGE_PARAMETER_KEY);
 String interval = request.getParameter(INTERVAL_PARAMETER_KEY);
 String serviceType = request.getParameter(SERVICETYPE_PARAMETER_KEY);

 HttpSession session = mock(HttpSession.class);
 when(request.getSession()).thenReturn(session);
 final ServletContext servletContext = mock(ServletContext.class);
 RequestDispatcher dispatcher = mock(RequestDispatcher.class);
 when(servletContext.getRequestDispatcher("/stocksearchResults.jsp")).thenReturn(dispatcher);
 servlet = new StockSearchServlet() {
 public ServletContext getServletContext() {
 return servletContext; // return the mock
 }
 };

 StockSearchBean search = new StockSearchBean(symbol, startRange, endRange, interval);
 try {
 switch (serviceType) {
 case ("BASIC"):
 search.processData(ServiceType.BASIC);
 break;
 case ("DATABASE"):
 search.processData(ServiceType.DATABASE);
 break;
 case ("WEB"):
 search.processData(ServiceType.WEB);
 break;
 default:
 search.processData(ServiceType.WEB);
 }
 } catch (StockServiceException e) {
 throw new RuntimeException(e.getMessage());
 }
 session.setAttribute("search", search);
 }

 /**
 * Verifies that the doPost method throws an exception when passed null arguments
 * @throws ServletException
 * @throws IOException
 */
 @Test(expected = NullPointerException.class)
 public final void testDoPostPositive() throws ServletException, IOException {
 servlet.doPost(null, null);
 }

 /**
 * Verifies that the doPost method runs without exception
 * @throws ServletException
 * @throws IOException
 */
 @Test
 public final void testDoPostNegative() throws ServletException, IOException {
 boolean throwsException = false;
 try {
 servlet.doPost(request, response);
 } catch (Exception e) {
 throwsException = true;
 }
 assertFalse("doPost throws an exception", throwsException);
 }
}
</code></pre>

blocks|key|1757179|text|这个问题有一个解决方案，提出了Mockito+How+to+test+my+servlet+using+JUnit，它将任务限制为简单的单元测试，而不需要设置任何类似服务器的环境。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|1757180|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|https://stackoverflow.com/questions/5434419/how-to-test-my-servlet-using-junit^0|N|Y|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|L|8|@]|9|@$A|M|B|N|1|O]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|-4|5|6|7|P|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|E|$F|$5|G|H|I|C|$J|K]]]]

This Question has a solution proposing Mockito <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/5434419/how-to-test-my-servlet-using-junit">How to test my servlet using JUnit</a>
This limits the task to simple unit testing, without setting up any server-like environment.

I would like to know what would be the best way to do unit testing of a servlet. 

Testing internal methods is not a problem as long as they don't refer to the servlet context, but what about testing the doGet/doPost methods as well as the internal method that refer to the context or make use of session parameters?

Is there a way to do this simply using classical tools such as JUnit, or preferrably TestNG? Did I need to embed a tomcat server or something like that?

Unit testing a Java Servlet

单元测试

集成测试

服务器

容器

Java

我想知道对servlet进行单元测试的最佳方法是什么。只要不引用servlet上下文，测试内部方法就不是问题，但是测试doGet/doPost方法以及引用上下文或使用会话参数的内部方法又如何呢？有没有一种方法可以简单地使用经典的工具，比如JUnit，或者最好是TestNG？我需要嵌入tomcat服务器或类似的东西吗？

问对Java Servlet进行单元测试
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