blocks|key|1077569|text|看起来源代码有一些更新。ApplicationController指定在任何请求之前需要运行authenticate_user!筛选器。这个帖子提供了一些关于它的问题的背景：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|1077570|http://groups.google.com/group/plataformatec-devise/browse_thread/thread/f7260ebe2d9f7316?fwc=1|1077571|从本质上讲，authenticate_user!函数是Rails3的一部分(使用新的devise特性，我对它知之甚少)。如果应用程序找不到用户模型(无论是由于名称空间问题还是其他原因)，那么该方法将失败。您链接到的"enki“应用程序现在是一个Rails+3应用程序。在转换的过程中，它可能会经历一些成长的痛苦。|1077572|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url^0|1A|I|0|0|2N|0|0|6|I|16|6|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|Q|8|@$9|R|A|S|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|6|7|T|8|@]|D|@$9|U|A|V|1|W]]|E|$]]|$1|H|3|I|5|6|7|X|8|@$9|Y|A|Z|B|C]|$9|10|A|11|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|J|3|-4|5|6|7|12|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|K|$L|$5|M|N|O|E|$P|G]]]]

It looks like there are some updates to the source code. The ApplicationController specifies that there needs to be an <code>authenticate_user!</code> filter run before any request. This thread provides some background on issues with it:

<a href="http://groups.google.com/group/plataformatec-devise/browse_thread/thread/f7260ebe2d9f7316?fwc=1" rel="nofollow">http://groups.google.com/group/plataformatec-devise/browse_thread/thread/f7260ebe2d9f7316?fwc=1</a>

Essentially, the <code>authenticate_user!</code> function is part of Rails 3 (using the new <code>devise</code> feature, of which I know little about). If the app can't find the User model (either because of namespace issues or whatever reason) then the method will fail. The "enki" application you linked to is now a Rails 3 application. It could be experiencing a few growing pains as it converts over.

blocks|key|1077606|text|我知道您使用的是Rspec，但是使用Test::Unit也会遇到同样的问题。您只需将设计的测试助手添加到test/test_helper.rb|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|1077607|class+ActiveSupport::TestCase
++include+Devise::TestHelpers
end|code-block|syntax|javascript|1077608|entityMap^0|I|A|1G|J|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|M|8|@$9|N|A|O|B|C]|$9|P|A|Q|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|H|7|R|8|@]|D|@]|E|$I|J]]|$1|K|3|-4|5|6|7|S|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|L|$]]

I'm aware you're using Rspec but you can run into this same issue with <code>Test::Unit</code>. You just need to add the devise test helpers to <code>test/test_helper.rb</code>

<pre><code>class ActiveSupport::TestCase
 include Devise::TestHelpers
end
</code></pre>

blocks|key|1077639|text|Ruby告诉你，nil上还没有定义#authenticate方法。您可以通过以下方式轻松完成此操作：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|1077640|def+nil.authenticate!
++puts+"Bingo!+Nil+is+now+authentic!"
end|code-block|syntax|javascript|1077641|错误就会消失。|1077642|entityMap^0|8|3|H|D|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|O|8|@$9|P|A|Q|B|C]|$9|R|A|S|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|H|7|T|8|@]|D|@]|E|$I|J]]|$1|K|3|L|5|6|7|U|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|M|3|-4|5|6|7|V|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|N|$]]

Ruby is telling you, that method <code>#authenticate</code> has not been definded on <code>nil</code> yet. You can do it easily by:

<pre><code>def nil.authenticate!
 puts "Bingo! Nil is now authentic!"
end
</code></pre>

And the error will go away.

blocks|key|863034|text|上面的答案对我不起作用(RSpec+3.1)|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|863035|请参阅https://stackoverflow.com/a/21166482/1161743，以获得适合我的解决方案。|offset|length|863036|在设置变量之前，您需要注销匿名用户：|863037|before+:each+do
++sign_out+:user
end|code-block|syntax|javascript|863038|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|https://stackoverflow.com/a/21166482/1161743^0|0|3|18|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|U|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|V|8|@]|9|@$D|W|E|X|1|Y]]|A|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|6|7|Z|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|H|3|I|5|J|7|10|8|@]|9|@]|A|$K|L]]|$1|M|3|-4|5|6|7|11|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|N|$O|$5|P|Q|R|A|$S|T]]]]

The above answer did not work for me (RSpec 3.1)

See <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/a/21166482/1161743">https://stackoverflow.com/a/21166482/1161743</a> for a solution that worked for me.

You will need to log out an anonymous user before setting up variables:

<pre><code>before :each do
 sign_out :user
end
</code></pre>

blocks|key|863079|text|在RSpec中|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|863080|正如Jeffrey+W.在他的answer+above+->中提到的，将此设置为所有控制器：|offset|length|863081|RSpec.configure+do+%7Cconfig%7C
++#+...
++config.include+Devise::TestHelpers,+type:+:controller
++#+...
end|code-block|syntax|javascript|863082|但是，如果这只与一个规范相关，那么您不一定需要在所有控制器规范中都包含设计帮助器，您只需在一个控制器描述块中显式地包含这些帮助器：|863083|require+'spec_helper'
describe+MyCoolController
++include+Devise::TestHelpers

++it+{+}+
end|863084|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|https://stackoverflow.com/a/4308872/473040^0|0|F|C|0|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|W|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|X|8|@]|9|@$D|Y|E|Z|1|10]]|A|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|H|7|11|8|@]|9|@]|A|$I|J]]|$1|K|3|L|5|6|7|12|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|M|3|N|5|H|7|13|8|@]|9|@]|A|$I|J]]|$1|O|3|-4|5|6|7|14|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|P|$Q|$5|R|S|T|A|$U|V]]]]

in RSpec

as Jeffrey W. mentioned, in his <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/a/4308872/473040">answer above</a> -> to set this to all controllers:

<pre><code>RSpec.configure do |config|
 # ...
 config.include Devise::TestHelpers, type: :controller
 # ...
end
</code></pre>

however, if this is relevant to just one spec, you don't necessarily need to include devise helpers to all your controllers specs, you can just explicitly include those helpers in that one controller describe block:

<pre><code>require 'spec_helper'
describe MyCoolController
 include Devise::TestHelpers

 it { } 
end
</code></pre>

blocks|key|863141|text|如果你正在使用视图规范，你可以使用current_user的存根。这有效地覆盖了从视图中调用的current_user帮助器。以下是rspec-3.2.3的使用方法：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|863142|RSpec.describe+"projects/show",+type:+:view+do
++before(:each)+do
++++allow(view).to+receive(:current_user).and_return(FactoryGirl.create(:user))
++end

++it+"renders+attributes+in+"+do
++++render
++++expect(rendered).to+match(/whatever+you+want+to+regex+match+here/)
++end
end|code-block|syntax|javascript|863143|entityMap^0|H|C|1B|C|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|M|8|@$9|N|A|O|B|C]|$9|P|A|Q|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|H|7|R|8|@]|D|@]|E|$I|J]]|$1|K|3|-4|5|6|7|S|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|L|$]]

If you're working with view spec, you can stub of <code>current_user</code>. This effectively overrides the <code>current_user</code> helper called from your view with whatever is returned. Here's how with rspec-3.2.3:

<pre><code>RSpec.describe "projects/show", type: :view do
 before(:each) do
 allow(view).to receive(:current_user).and_return(FactoryGirl.create(:user))
 end

 it "renders attributes in &lt;p&gt;" do
 render
 expect(rendered).to match(/whatever you want to regex match here/)
 end
end
</code></pre>

blocks|key|1077923|text|我在我的一个项目中经历了同样的失败。它使用的是Ruby2.0.0-p598，Rails+3.2.21，RSpec+2.99。当我一起运行所有规范时，出现了问题。当我单独运行这些规范时，它们都通过了。我的spec/spec_helper.rb中包含了以下内容：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1077924|RSpec.configure+do+%7Cconfig%7C
++#+...
++config.include+Devise::TestHelpers,+type:+:controller
++#+...
end|code-block|syntax|javascript|1077925|我在每个失败的规范文件的第一个描述中添加了以下内容。这并没有解决问题：|1077926|before+:each+do
++sign_out+:user
end|1077927|也没有：|1077928|after+:each+do
++sign_out+:user
end|1077929|从rspec堆栈溢出问题的答案中获得灵感，我将不同的this目录组合运行在一起，以找出哪些目录可能会相互干扰。最后，我发现我在打电话：|offset|length|1077930|before()+do+#note+no+:each+passed+to+before
++:
end|1077931|当我将所有这种情况更改为：|1077932|before(:each)+do
++:
end|1077933|所有的规范都通过了，没有失败：|1077934|undefined+method+`authenticate'+for+nil:NilClass|1077935|我希望这对其他人有帮助。|1077936|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3637362/individual-spec-passes-when-run-alone-but-fails-when-all-specs-are-run^0|0|0|0|0|0|0|Q|4|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|1C|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|1D|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|H|5|6|7|1E|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|I|3|J|5|D|7|1F|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|K|3|L|5|6|7|1G|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|M|3|N|5|D|7|1H|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|O|3|P|5|6|7|1I|8|@]|9|@$Q|1J|R|1K|1|1L]]|A|$]]|$1|S|3|T|5|D|7|1M|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|U|3|V|5|6|7|1N|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|W|3|X|5|D|7|1O|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|Y|3|Z|5|6|7|1P|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|10|3|11|5|D|7|1Q|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|12|3|13|5|6|7|1R|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|14|3|-4|5|6|7|1S|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|15|$16|$5|17|18|19|A|$1A|1B]]]]

I was experiencing the same failures in one of my projects.
It is using Ruby 2.0.0-p598, Rails 3.2.21, RSpec 2.99.
When I run all specs together the problem occurred.
When I ran the specs individually, they passed.
I have the following included in my spec/spec_helper.rb:

<pre><code>RSpec.configure do |config|
 # ...
 config.include Devise::TestHelpers, type: :controller
 # ...
end
</code></pre>

I added the following to the first describe in each failing spec file. This did not resolve the problem:

<pre><code>before :each do
 sign_out :user
end
</code></pre>

Neither did:

<pre><code>after :each do
 sign_out :user
end
</code></pre>

Taking inspiration from the answer to <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3637362/individual-spec-passes-when-run-alone-but-fails-when-all-specs-are-run">this</a> stackoverflow question, I ran different combinations of rspec directories together to find out which ones could be interfering with each other.
In the end I discovered I was calling:

<pre><code>before() do #note no :each passed to before
 :
end
</code></pre>

when I changed all occurrences of this to:

<pre><code>before(:each) do
 :
end
</code></pre>

All the specs passed without the failure:

<pre><code>undefined method `authenticate' for nil:NilClass
</code></pre>

I hope this is of help to others.

Most of my tests are raising the following and I don't understand why. All methods call raise the 'authenticate' error. I've checked the code if there was a method called "authenticate" but there is no such method.

<pre><code> 1) Admin::CommentsController handling GET to index is successful
 Failure/Error: get :index
 undefined method `authenticate!' for nil:NilClass
 # ./spec/controllers/admin/comments_controller_spec.rb:9:in `block (3 levels) in &lt;top (required)&gt;'


 124) PostsController handling GET for a single post should render show template
 Failure/Error: get :show, :year =&gt; '2008', :month =&gt; '01', :day =&gt; '01', :slug =&gt; 'a-post'
 undefined method `authenticate' for nil:NilClass
 # ./app/controllers/application_controller.rb:18:in `set_current_user_for_model'
 # ./spec/controllers/posts_controller_spec.rb:131:in `do_get'
 # ./spec/controllers/posts_controller_spec.rb:140:in `block (3 levels) in &lt;top (required)&gt;'
</code></pre>

The project can be found over there => <a href="https://github.com/agilepandas/enki" rel="noreferrer">https://github.com/agilepandas/enki</a> in case you'd like to run the tests your self.

All Ruby tests raising: undefined method `authenticate' for nil:NilClass

我的大多数测试都提出了以下问题，我不明白为什么。所有方法调用都会引发“authenticate”错误。我检查了代码中是否有名为"authenticate“的方法，但没有这样的方法。  1) Admin::CommentsController handling GET to index is successful    ...

问所有Ruby测试都会引发: nil:NilClass的未定义方法‘`authenticate’
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