blocks|key|1575888|text|在没有任何预先存在的Arduino单元测试框架的情况下，我创建了ArduinoUnit。下面是一个简单的Arduino草图，演示了它的用法：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|1575889|#include+<ArduinoUnit.h>

//+Create+test+suite
TestSuite+suite;

void+setup()+{
++++Serial.begin(9600);++++
}

//+Create+a+test+called+'addition'+in+the+test+suite
test(addition)+{
++++assertEquals(3,+1+%2B+2);
}

void+loop()+{
++++//+Run+test+suite,+printing+results+to+the+serial+port
++++suite.run();
}|code-block|syntax|javascript|1575890|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://github.com/mmurdoch/arduinounit/^0|W|B|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|Q|8|@]|9|@$A|R|B|S|1|T]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|F|7|U|8|@]|9|@]|C|$G|H]]|$1|I|3|-4|5|6|7|V|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|J|$K|$5|L|M|N|C|$O|P]]]]

In the absence of any pre-existing unit test frameworks for Arduino, I have created <a href="http://github.com/mmurdoch/arduinounit/" rel="noreferrer">ArduinoUnit</a>. Here's a simple Arduino sketch demonstrating its use:

<pre><code>#include &lt;ArduinoUnit.h&gt;

// Create test suite
TestSuite suite;

void setup() {
 Serial.begin(9600); 
}

// Create a test called 'addition' in the test suite
test(addition) {
 assertEquals(3, 1 + 2);
}

void loop() {
 // Run test suite, printing results to the serial port
 suite.run();
}
</code></pre>

blocks|key|1575995|text|我们正在使用Arduino板进行大型科学实验中的数据采集。随后，我们必须支持几个不同实现的Arduino板。我编写了Python实用程序来在单元测试期间动态加载Arduino十六进制图像。以下链接中的代码通过配置文件支持Windows和Mac+OS+X。要找出Arduino+IDE放置十六进制图像的位置，请在单击build+(play)按钮之前按shift键。在按住Shift键的同时点击upload，以找出avrdude+(命令行上传实用程序)在您的系统/+Arduino版本中的位置。或者，您可以查看包含的配置文件并使用您的安装位置(当前在Arduino+0020上)。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1575996|http://github.com/toddstavish/Python-Arduino-Unit-Testing|offset|length|1575997|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url^0|0|0|1L|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|M|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|N|8|@]|9|@$D|O|E|P|1|Q]]|A|$]]|$1|F|3|-4|5|6|7|R|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|G|$H|$5|I|J|K|A|$L|C]]]]

We are using Arduino boards for data acquisition in a large scientific experiment. Subsequently, we have to support several Arduino boards with different implementations. I wrote Python utilities to dynamically load Arduino hex images during unit testing. The code found on the link below supports Windows and Mac OS X via a configuration file. To find out where your hex images are placed by the Arduino IDE, hit the shift key before you hit the build (play) button. Hit the shift key while hitting upload to find out where your avrdude (command line upload utility) is located on your system / version of Arduino. Alternatively, you can look at the included configuration files and use your install location (currently on Arduino 0020).

<a href="http://github.com/toddstavish/Python-Arduino-Unit-Testing" rel="noreferrer">http://github.com/toddstavish/Python-Arduino-Unit-Testing</a>

blocks|key|1576050|text|将特定于硬件的代码与其他代码分开或抽象化，这样您就可以在任何您拥有良好工具且最熟悉的平台上测试和调试更大的"+rest“。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1576051|基本上，尝试从尽可能多的已知工作构建块构建最终代码。然后，剩下的特定于硬件的工作将变得更加容易和快速。您可以使用现有的仿真器和/或您自己的仿真设备来完成它。然后，当然，你需要以某种方式测试真正的东西。这取决于环境，这可能是很好的自动化，也可能不是很好的自动化(即谁或什么将按下按钮并提供其他输入？谁或什么将观察和解释各种指标和产出？)|1576052|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|F|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|G|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|D|3|-4|5|6|7|H|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|E|$]]

Keep hardware-specific code separate or abstracted away from the rest so you can test and debug that bigger "rest" on any platform for which you have good tools and with which you're familiar most.

Basically, try to build as much of the final code from as many known-to-work building blocks as possible. The remaining hardware-specific work will then be much easier and faster. You may finish it by using existing emulators and/or emulating devices on your own. And then, of course, you'll need to test the real thing somehow. Depending on circumstances, that may or may not be very well automatable (i.e. who or what will press buttons and provide other inputs? who or what will observe and interpret various indicators and outputs?).

blocks|key|1576094|text|您可以使用emulare+-您可以在图表上拖放微控制器，然后在Eclipse中运行您的代码。网站上的文档告诉您如何设置它。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|1576095|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://www.emulare.org/^0|5|7|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|L|8|@]|9|@$A|M|B|N|1|O]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|-4|5|6|7|P|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|E|$F|$5|G|H|I|C|$J|K]]]]

You can use <a href="http://www.emulare.org" rel="nofollow">emulare</a> — you can drag and drop a microcontroller on a diagram and run your code in Eclipse. The documentation on the website tells you how to set it up.

blocks|key|1576179|text|我在编写Arduino代码时使用的是Searduino。Searduino是一个Arduino模拟器和开发环境(Makefiles，C代码...)这使得在C/C%2B%2B中使用你喜欢的编辑器变得很容易。您可以导入Arduino草图并在模拟器中运行它们。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|1576180|Searduino+0.8的屏幕截图：http://searduino.files.wordpress.com/2014/01/jearduino-0-8.png|1576181|Searduino+0.9将发布，在最后一次测试完成后，将立即录制视频。一两天后。|1576182|在模拟器上的测试并不被认为是真正的测试，但它确实对我发现愚蠢的/逻辑上的错误(忘记做pinMode(xx,+OUTPUT)等)帮助很大。|style|CODE|1576183|顺便说一句:我是开发Searduino的人之一。|1576184|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://searduino.wordpress.com/|1|http://searduino.files.wordpress.com/2014/01/jearduino-0-8.png^0|I|9|0|0|J|1Q|1|0|0|16|J|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|X|8|@]|9|@$A|Y|B|Z|1|10]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|6|7|11|8|@]|9|@$A|12|B|13|1|14]]|C|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|6|7|15|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|H|3|I|5|6|7|16|8|@$A|17|B|18|J|K]]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|L|3|M|5|6|7|19|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|N|3|-4|5|6|7|1A|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|O|$P|$5|Q|R|S|C|$T|U]]|V|$5|Q|R|S|C|$T|W]]]]

I am using <a href="http://searduino.wordpress.com/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Searduino</a> when writing Arduino code. Searduino is an Arduino simulator and a development environment (Makefiles, C code ...) that makes it easy to hack in C/C++ using your favorite editor. You can import Arduino sketches and run them in the simulator.

Screenshot of Searduino 0.8: <a href="http://searduino.files.wordpress.com/2014/01/jearduino-0-8.png" rel="nofollow noreferrer">http://searduino.files.wordpress.com/2014/01/jearduino-0-8.png</a>

Searduino 0.9 will be released and a video will be recorded as soon as the lasts tests are done .... in a day or two.

Testing on the simulator is not to be considered as real tests, but it certainly have helped me a lot in finding stupid/logical mistakes (forgetting to do <code>pinMode(xx, OUTPUT)</code>, etc.).

BTW: I am one of the people developing Searduino.

blocks|key|1360991|text|使用Proteus+VSM和Arduino库来调试或测试代码。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1360992|这是将代码放在板子上之前的最佳实践，但请确保使用计时，因为模拟不会实时运行，因为它们在板子上运行。|1360993|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|F|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|G|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|D|3|-4|5|6|7|H|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|E|$]]

Use Proteus VSM with an Arduino library to debug your code or to test it.

It is a best practice before getting your code onboard, but be sure with timings because the simulation does not run realtime as they run on the board.

blocks|key|1361036|text|如果你想在MCU之外(在桌面上)对代码进行单元测试，请查看libcheck：https://libcheck.github.io/check/|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|1361037|我用它测试了几次我自己的嵌入式代码。这是一个相当健壮的框架。|1361038|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|https://libcheck.github.io/check/^0|12|X|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|N|8|@]|9|@$A|O|B|P|1|Q]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|6|7|R|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|F|3|-4|5|6|7|S|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|G|$H|$5|I|J|K|C|$L|M]]]]

If you want to unit-test code outside MCU (on desktop), check out libcheck:
<a href="https://libcheck.github.io/check/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">https://libcheck.github.io/check/</a>

I used it to test my own embedded code few times. It's pretty robust framework.

blocks|key|1361156|text|在basic中，Arduino是用C和C%2B%2B编写的，甚至arduino的库也是用C和C%2B%2B编写的。因此，简单地说，只需将代码作为C和C%2B%2B处理，并尝试进行单元测试。这里所说的“句柄”，我的意思是你要改变所有的基本语法，比如把serial.println改成sysout，把pinmode改成varaible，把void循环改成while()循环，这会在键锁或迭代后中断。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1361157|我知道这是一个有点漫长的过程，并不是那么直接的forward.On我的个人经验，一旦你能做到这一点，这会变得更可靠。|1361158|-Nandha_Frost|1361159|entityMap^0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|H|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|I|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|6|7|J|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|F|3|-4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|G|$]]

In basic Arduino is written with C and C++, even libraries of arduino are written in C and C++. So,in simple terms just handle the code as C and C++ and try doing the unit testing. Here, by the word "handle" I mean you to change all the basic syntax like serial.println to sysout, pinmode to varaibles, void loop to while() loop which breaks either in keystock or after some iteration. 

I know this is little a long process and not so straight forward.On my personal experience, once you get to do with it, this turns to be more reliable.

-Nandha_Frost

blocks|key|1361247|text|如果您对运行INO草图并检查串行输出感兴趣，我在我的Arduino+NMEA+checksum项目中有一个可用的实现。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|1361248|下面的脚本获取该文件，并使用Arduino+CLI将其编译为十六进制文件，然后将该文件加载到SimAVR中，后者对其进行计算并打印串行输出。由于所有的Arduino程序都会永远运行，实际上并没有自杀的选择(exit(0)不起作用)，所以我让草图运行几秒钟，然后将捕获的输出与预期的输出进行比较。|style|CODE|1361249|下载并解压缩Arduino+CLI+(在本例中为0.5.0版-撰写本文时的最新版本)：|1361250|curl+-L+https://github.com/arduino/arduino-cli/releases/download/0.5.0/arduino-cli_0.5.0_Linux_64bit.tar.gz+-o+arduino-cli.tar.gz
tar+-xvzf+arduino-cli.tar.gz|code-block|syntax|javascript|1361251|现在，您可以更新索引并安装相应的核心：|1361252|./arduino-cli+core+update-index
./arduino-cli+core+install+arduino:avr|1361253|假设您的草图名为nmea-checksum.ino，要获得ELF和十六进制，请运行：|1361254|./arduino-cli+compile+-b+arduino:avr:uno+nmea-checksum.ino|1361255|接下来，使用SimAVR来运行十六进制(或ELF)+-我是从源代码构建的，因为最新版本对我不起作用：|1361256|sudo+apt-get+update
sudo+apt-get+install+-y+build-essential+libelf-dev+avr-libc+gcc-avr+freeglut3-dev+libncurses5-dev+pkg-config
git+clone+https://github.com/buserror/simavr.git
cd+simavr
make|1361257|成功的编译将为您提供simavr/run_avr，您可以使用它来运行草图。就像我说的，timeout它，否则它永远不会终止：|1361258|cd+simavr
timeout+10+./run_avr+-m+atmega168+-f+16000000+../../nmea-checksum.ino.arduino.avr.uno.elf+&>+nmea-checksum.ino.clog+%7C%7C+true|1361259|生成的文件将包含包装串行输出的ANSI颜色代码控制字符，以消除这些字符：|1361260|cat+nmea-checksum.ino.clog+%7C+sed+-r+"s/\x1B\[([0-9]{1,2}(;[0-9]{1,2})?)?[mGK]//g"+>+nmea-checksum.ino.log
cat+nmea-checksum.ino.log|1361261|现在，您需要做的就是将此文件与一个已知良好的文件进行比较：|1361262|diff+nmea-checksum.ino.log+../../nmea-checksum.ino.test|1361263|如果没有差异，diff将退出并返回代码0，否则脚本将失败。|1361264|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|https://github.com/TomasHubelbauer/arduino-nmea-checksum^0|Q|L|0|0|2V|7|0|0|0|0|0|8|H|0|0|0|0|A|E|17|7|0|0|0|0|0|0|7|4|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|1M|8|@]|9|@$A|1N|B|1O|1|1P]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|6|7|1Q|8|@$A|1R|B|1S|F|G]]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|H|3|I|5|6|7|1T|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|J|3|K|5|L|7|1U|8|@]|9|@]|C|$M|N]]|$1|O|3|P|5|6|7|1V|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|Q|3|R|5|L|7|1W|8|@]|9|@]|C|$M|N]]|$1|S|3|T|5|6|7|1X|8|@$A|1Y|B|1Z|F|G]]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|U|3|V|5|L|7|20|8|@]|9|@]|C|$M|N]]|$1|W|3|X|5|6|7|21|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|Y|3|Z|5|L|7|22|8|@]|9|@]|C|$M|N]]|$1|10|3|11|5|6|7|23|8|@$A|24|B|25|F|G]|$A|26|B|27|F|G]]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|12|3|13|5|L|7|28|8|@]|9|@]|C|$M|N]]|$1|14|3|15|5|6|7|29|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|16|3|17|5|L|7|2A|8|@]|9|@]|C|$M|N]]|$1|18|3|19|5|6|7|2B|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|1A|3|1B|5|L|7|2C|8|@]|9|@]|C|$M|N]]|$1|1C|3|1D|5|6|7|2D|8|@$A|2E|B|2F|F|G]]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|1E|3|-4|5|6|7|2G|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|1F|$1G|$5|1H|1I|1J|C|$1K|1L]]]]

In case you are interested in running an INO sketch and checkout the serial output, I have a working implementation of that in my <a href="https://github.com/TomasHubelbauer/arduino-nmea-checksum" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Arduino NMEA checksum</a> project.

The following script takes the file and uses Arduino CLI to compile it to a HEX file which is then loaded to SimAVR which evaluates it and prints the serial output. Since all Arduino programs run forever without really having an option of killing themselves (<code>exit(0)</code> doesn't work), I let the sketch run for a few seconds and then diff the captured output with expected output.

Download and extract Arduino CLI (in this case version 0.5.0 - latest at the time of writing):

<pre><code>curl -L https://github.com/arduino/arduino-cli/releases/download/0.5.0/arduino-cli_0.5.0_Linux_64bit.tar.gz -o arduino-cli.tar.gz
tar -xvzf arduino-cli.tar.gz
</code></pre>

Now you can update the index and install the appropriate core:

<pre><code>./arduino-cli core update-index
./arduino-cli core install arduino:avr
</code></pre>

Assuming your sketch is named <code>nmea-checksum.ino</code>, to get ELF and HEX, run:

<pre><code>./arduino-cli compile -b arduino:avr:uno nmea-checksum.ino
</code></pre>

Next up, SimAVR to run the HEX (or ELF) - I build from source because the latest release didn't work for me:

<pre><code>sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y build-essential libelf-dev avr-libc gcc-avr freeglut3-dev libncurses5-dev pkg-config
git clone https://github.com/buserror/simavr.git
cd simavr
make
</code></pre>

Successful compilation will give you <code>simavr/run_avr</code> which you can use to run the sketch. Like I said, <code>timeout</code> it otherwise it will never terminate:

<pre><code>cd simavr
timeout 10 ./run_avr -m atmega168 -f 16000000 ../../nmea-checksum.ino.arduino.avr.uno.elf &amp;&gt; nmea-checksum.ino.clog || true
</code></pre>

The generated file will have ANSI color code control characters wrapping the serial output, to get rid of those:

<pre><code>cat nmea-checksum.ino.clog | sed -r "s/\x1B\[([0-9]{1,2}(;[0-9]{1,2})?)?[mGK]//g" &gt; nmea-checksum.ino.log
cat nmea-checksum.ino.log
</code></pre>

Now all you need to do is compared this file to a known good file:

<pre><code>diff nmea-checksum.ino.log ../../nmea-checksum.ino.test
</code></pre>

If there are no differences, <code>diff</code> will exit with code 0, otherwise the script will fail.

I'd like to be able to unit test my Arduino code. Ideally, I would be able to run any tests without having to upload the code to the Arduino. What tools or libraries can help me with this?

There is an <a href="http://radpartbrainmat.blogspot.com/search/label/arduemu" rel="noreferrer">Arduino emulator in development</a> which could be useful, but it doesn't yet seem to be ready for use.

<a href="http://www.atmel.com/dyn/Products/tools_card.asp?tool_id=2725" rel="noreferrer">AVR Studio</a> from Atmel contains a chip simulator which could be useful, but I can't see how I would use it in conjunction with the Arduino IDE.

How can I unit test Arduino code?

微控制器

单元测试

Windows

Eclipse

Python

我希望能够对我的Arduino代码进行单元测试。理想情况下，我可以在不将代码上传到Arduino的情况下运行任何测试。有什么工具或库可以帮助我做到这一点？有一个可能有用的，但它似乎还没有准备好使用。Atmel的包含一个可能有用的芯片模拟器，但我不知道如何将其与Arduino IDE结合使用。

问如何对Arduino代码进行单元测试？
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