blocks|key|2850001|text|MS最近为.NET+4.5打了补丁，以在某些情况下恢复与.NET+4.0的向后兼容性(请参阅http://blogs.msdn.com/b/dotnet/archive/2012/10/17/net-framework-4-5-off-to-a-great-start.aspx)。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|2850002|有可能是微软更新了安装程序的这些更改(这样升级到.NET+4.5的用户就不会遇到麻烦)，尽管我不知道他们为什么不更改安装程序的版本号。|2850003|另外，请注意System.Environment.Version报告的.NET版本号和运行时版本号之间存在差异。后者仍然是4.0.30319。*对于.NET+4.5，只有修订版号更改(随着.NET+4.5更新，以及每个安全更新)。|style|CODE|2850004|以下是一些在野外观察到的运行时版本的示例：|2850005|Base+4.0|BOLD|2850006|2850007|4.0.30319.1+=+.NET+4.0+RTM|unordered-list-item|2850008|4.0.30319.269+=+Windows+XP+SP3，7，7+SP1上的.NET+4.0+(使用.NET+GDR安全update)|2850009|4.0.30319.276+=+Windows+XP+SP3上的.NET+4.0+(4.0.3运行时update)|2850010|4.0.30319.276=+Windows+XP+SP3上的.NET+4.0，7(使用MS12-074+GDR安全update)|2850011|4.0.30319.1008+=+Windows+XP+SP3，7，7+SP1上的.NET+4.0+(使用MS12-035+LDR安全update)|2850012|4.0.30319.1008=+Windows+XP+SP3，7，7+SP1上的.NET+4.0+)(使用MS13-052+GDR安全update)|2850013|4.0.30319.1022+=+Windows+XP+SP3，7，7+SP1+(具有MS14-009+GDR安全update)|2850014|4.0.30319.1026+=+Windows+XP+SP3上的.NET+4.0、7、7+SP1+(具有MS14-057+GDR安全update)|2850015|4.0.30319.2034+=+Windows+XP+SP3上的.NET+4.0、7、7+SP1+(具有MS14-009+LDR安全更新))|2850016|2850017|4.5|2850018|2850019|4.0.30319.17626+=+RC|2850020|4.0.30319.17929+4.5+RTM|2850021|4.0.30319.18010+=+.NET+4.5+RTM|2850022|4.0.30319.18010=+.NET+4.5在Windows+8上64-bit|2850023|4.0.30319.18063+=+SP1+4.5在Windows+7上.NET+4.5+64-bit|2850024|4.0.30319.18063=+.NET+4.5在Windows+7+SP1+64位(带MS14-009安全更新)|2850025|2850026|4.5.1|2850027|Windows+7上的|2850028|4.0.30319.18408+=+.NET+4.5.1+SP1+update)|2850029|4.0.30319.34014+=+Windows+7+SP1+64位上的MS14-009+4.5.1+(在Windows+8.1+64位|2850030|上使用MS14-009安全性update)|2850031|4.0.30319.34014=+.NET+4.5.1|2850032|2850033|4.5.2|2850034|2850035|4.0.30319.34209+=+.NET+4.5.2+on+Windows+7+SP1+64-bit|2850036|4.0.30319.34209+=+.NET+4.5.2+on+Windows+8.1+64位|2850037|2850038|4.6及更高版本的|2850039|2850040|4.0.30319.42000|2850041|2850042|我在Windows+Update历史记录中没有看到任何.NET更新，所以我猜v18010的更新是作为KB+2756872的一部分安装的。|2850043|更新:显然微软更新了.NET+4.5设置，因为原始下载中的数字签名有错误。KB+2770445。|2850044|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://blogs.msdn.com/b/dotnet/archive/2012/10/17/net-framework-4-5-off-to-a-great-start.aspx|1|https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/2729449|2|https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/2604121|3|https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/2835393|4|https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/2898855|5|https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/2972106|6|7|https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/2898864|8|https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/2898869|9|10|http://support.microsoft.com/kb/2756872|11|http://support.microsoft.com/kb/2770445^0|1A|2L|0|0|0|6|Q|0|0|0|8|0|0|0|0|0|18|8|1|0|1H|8|2|0|1H|8|3|0|17|8|4|0|1H|8|5|0|1H|8|6|0|0|0|3|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|19|8|7|0|0|0|5|0|0|0|11|8|8|0|3|8|9|0|0|0|0|5|0|0|0|0|0|0|9|0|0|0|0|1E|A|A|0|11|A|B|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|3C|8|@]|9|@$A|3D|B|3E|1|3F]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|6|7|3G|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|6|7|3H|8|@$A|3I|B|3J|H|I]]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|J|3|K|5|6|7|3K|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|L|3|M|5|6|7|3L|8|@$A|3M|B|3N|H|N]]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|O|3|-4|5|6|7|3O|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|P|3|Q|5|R|7|3P|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|S|3|T|5|R|7|3Q|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|U|3|V|5|R|7|3R|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|W|3|X|5|R|7|3S|8|@]|9|@$A|3T|B|3U|1|3V]]|C|$]]|$1|Y|3|Z|5|R|7|3W|8|@]|9|@$A|3X|B|3Y|1|3Z]]|C|$]]|$1|10|3|11|5|R|7|40|8|@]|9|@$A|41|B|42|1|43]]|C|$]]|$1|12|3|13|5|R|7|44|8|@]|9|@$A|45|B|46|1|47]]|C|$]]|$1|14|3|15|5|R|7|48|8|@]|9|@$A|49|B|4A|1|4B]]|C|$]]|$1|16|3|17|5|R|7|4C|8|@]|9|@$A|4D|B|4E|1|4F]]|C|$]]|$1|18|3|-4|5|6|7|4G|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|19|3|1A|5|6|7|4H|8|@$A|4I|B|4J|H|N]]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|1B|3|-4|5|6|7|4K|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|1C|3|1D|5|R|7|4L|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|1E|3|1F|5|R|7|4M|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|1G|3|1H|5|R|7|4N|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|1I|3|1J|5|R|7|4O|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|1K|3|1L|5|R|7|4P|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|1M|3|1N|5|R|7|4Q|8|@]|9|@$A|4R|B|4S|1|4T]]|C|$]]|$1|1O|3|-4|5|6|7|4U|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|1P|3|1Q|5|6|7|4V|8|@$A|4W|B|4X|H|N]]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|1R|3|1S|5|6|7|4Y|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|1T|3|1U|5|R|7|4Z|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|1V|3|1W|5|R|7|50|8|@]|9|@$A|51|B|52|1|53]]|C|$]]|$1|1X|3|1Y|5|6|7|54|8|@]|9|@$A|55|B|56|1|57]]|C|$]]|$1|1Z|3|20|5|R|7|58|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|21|3|-4|5|6|7|59|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|22|3|23|5|6|7|5A|8|@$A|5B|B|5C|H|N]]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|24|3|-4|5|6|7|5D|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|25|3|26|5|R|7|5E|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|27|3|28|5|R|7|5F|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|29|3|-4|5|6|7|5G|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|2A|3|2B|5|6|7|5H|8|@$A|5I|B|5J|H|N]]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|2C|3|-4|5|6|7|5K|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|2D|3|2E|5|R|7|5L|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|2F|3|-4|5|6|7|5M|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|2G|3|2H|5|6|7|5N|8|@]|9|@$A|5O|B|5P|1|5Q]]|C|$]]|$1|2I|3|2J|5|6|7|5R|8|@]|9|@$A|5S|B|5T|1|5U]]|C|$]]|$1|2K|3|-4|5|6|7|5V|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|2L|$2M|$5|2N|2O|2P|C|$2Q|2R]]|2S|$5|2N|2O|2P|C|$2Q|2T]]|2U|$5|2N|2O|2P|C|$2Q|2V]]|2W|$5|2N|2O|2P|C|$2Q|2X]]|2Y|$5|2N|2O|2P|C|$2Q|2Z]]|30|$5|2N|2O|2P|C|$2Q|31]]|32|$5|2N|2O|2P|C|$2Q|2Z]]|33|$5|2N|2O|2P|C|$2Q|34]]|35|$5|2N|2O|2P|C|$2Q|36]]|37|$5|2N|2O|2P|C|$2Q|36]]|38|$5|2N|2O|2P|C|$2Q|39]]|3A|$5|2N|2O|2P|C|$2Q|3B]]]]

MS recently patched .NET 4.5 to restore backwards compatibility with .NET 4.0 in some scenarios (see <a href="http://blogs.msdn.com/b/dotnet/archive/2012/10/17/net-framework-4-5-off-to-a-great-start.aspx" rel="noreferrer">http://blogs.msdn.com/b/dotnet/archive/2012/10/17/net-framework-4-5-off-to-a-great-start.aspx</a>).

It's possible that MS updated the setup with these changes (so that users upgrading to .NET 4.5 don't run into compat trouble), though I don't know why they wouldn't change the version number on the setup.

Also, note that there's a difference between the .NET version number and the runtime version number as reported by <code>System.Environment.Version</code>. The latter still is 4.0.30319.* for .NET 4.5, only the revision number changes (with the .NET 4.5 update, and also with every security update).

Here are some examples of runtime versions observed in the wild:

Base 4.0

<ul>
<li>4.0.30319.1 = .NET 4.0 RTM</li>
<li>4.0.30319.269 = .NET 4.0 on Windows XP SP3, 7, 7 SP1 (with <a href="https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/2604121" rel="noreferrer">MS12-035</a> GDR security update)</li>
<li>4.0.30319.276 = .NET 4.0 on Windows XP SP3 (4.0.3 Runtime update)</li>
<li>4.0.30319.296 = .NET 4.0 on Windows XP SP3, 7 (with <a href="https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/2729449" rel="noreferrer">MS12-074</a> GDR security update)</li>
<li>4.0.30319.544 = .NET 4.0 on Windows XP SP3, 7, 7 SP1 (with <a href="https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/2604121" rel="noreferrer">MS12-035</a> LDR security update)</li>
<li>4.0.30319.1008 = .NET 4.0 on Windows XP SP3, 7, 7 SP1 (with <a href="https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/2835393" rel="noreferrer">MS13-052</a> GDR security update)</li>
<li>4.0.30319.1022 = .NET 4.0 on Windows XP SP3, 7, 7 SP1 (with <a href="https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/2898855" rel="noreferrer">MS14-009</a> GDR security update)</li>
<li>4.0.30319.1026 = .NET 4.0 on Windows XP SP3, 7, 7 SP1 (with <a href="https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/2972106" rel="noreferrer">MS14-057</a> GDR security update)</li>
<li>4.0.30319.2034 = .NET 4.0 on Windows XP SP3, 7, 7 SP1 (with <a href="https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/2898855" rel="noreferrer">MS14-009</a> LDR security update)</li>
</ul>

4.5

<ul>
<li>4.0.30319.17626 = .NET 4.5 RC</li>
<li>4.0.30319.17929 = .NET 4.5 RTM</li>
<li>4.0.30319.18010 = .NET 4.5 on Windows 8 </li>
<li>4.0.30319.18052 = .NET 4.5 on Windows 7 SP1 64-bit</li>
<li>4.0.30319.18063 = .NET 4.5 on Windows 7 SP1 64-bit (with <a href="https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/2898864" rel="noreferrer">MS14-009</a> security update)</li>
</ul>

4.5.1

<ul>
<li>4.0.30319.18408 = .NET 4.5.1 on Windows 7 SP1 64-bit</li>
<li>4.0.30319.18444 = .NET 4.5.1 on Windows 7 SP1 64-bit (with <a href="https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/2898869" rel="noreferrer">MS14-009</a> security update)</li>
<li>4.0.30319.34014 = .NET 4.5.1 on Windows 8.1 64-bit</li>
</ul>

4.5.2

<ul>
<li>4.0.30319.34209 = .NET 4.5.2 on Windows 7 SP1 64-bit</li>
<li>4.0.30319.34209 = .NET 4.5.2 on Windows 8.1 64-bit</li>
</ul>

4.6 and later

<ul>
<li>4.0.30319.42000</li>
</ul>

I don't see any .NET updates in my Windows Update history, so I guess the update to v18010 got installed as part of <a href="http://support.microsoft.com/kb/2756872" rel="noreferrer">KB 2756872</a>.

Update: apparently Microsoft updated the .NET 4.5 setup due a mistake with the digital signatures in the original download. <a href="http://support.microsoft.com/kb/2770445" rel="noreferrer">KB 2770445</a>.

blocks|key|211951|text|public+class+DA+{
++++public+static+class+VersionNetFramework+{
++++++++public+static+string+Get45or451FromRegistry()
++++++++{//https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/hh925568(v=vs.110).aspx
++++++++++++using+(RegistryKey+ndpKey+=+RegistryKey.OpenBaseKey(RegistryHive.LocalMachine,+RegistryView.Registry32).OpenSubKey("SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\NET+Framework+Setup\\NDP\\v4\\Full\\"))
++++++++++++{
++++++++++++++++int+releaseKey+=+Convert.ToInt32(ndpKey.GetValue("Release"));
++++++++++++++++if+(true)
++++++++++++++++{
++++++++++++++++++++return+(@"Version:+"+%2B+CheckFor45DotVersion(releaseKey));
++++++++++++++++}
++++++++++++}
++++++++}
++++++++//+Checking+the+version+using+>=+will+enable+forward+compatibility,+
++++++++//+however+you+should+always+compile+your+code+on+newer+versions+of
++++++++//+the+framework+to+ensure+your+app+works+the+same.
++++++++private+static+string+CheckFor45DotVersion(int+releaseKey)
++++++++{//https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/hh925568(v=vs.110).aspx
++++++++++++if+(releaseKey+>=+394271)
++++++++++++++++return+"4.6.1+installed+on+all+other+Windows+OS+versions+or+later";
++++++++++++if+(releaseKey+>=+394254)
++++++++++++++++return+"4.6.1+installed+on+Windows+10+or+later";
++++++++++++if+(releaseKey+>=+393297)
++++++++++++++++return+"4.6+installed+on+all+other+Windows+OS+versions+or+later";
++++++++++++if+(releaseKey+>=+393295)
++++++++++++++++return+"4.6+installed+with+Windows+10+or+later";
++++++++++++if+(releaseKey+>=+379893)
++++++++++++++++return+"4.5.2+or+later";
++++++++++++if+(releaseKey+>=+378758)
++++++++++++++++return+"4.5.1+installed+on+Windows+8,+Windows+7+SP1,+or+Windows+Vista+SP2+or+later";
++++++++++++if+(releaseKey+>=+378675)
++++++++++++++++return+"4.5.1+installed+with+Windows+8.1+or+later";
++++++++++++if+(releaseKey+>=+378389)
++++++++++++++++return+"4.5+or+later";

++++++++++++return+"No+4.5+or+later+version+detected";
++++++++}
++++++++public+static+string+GetVersionFromRegistry()
++++++++{//https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/hh925568(v=vs.110).aspx
++++++++++++string+res+=+@"";
++++++++++++//+Opens+the+registry+key+for+the+.NET+Framework+entry.
++++++++++++using+(RegistryKey+ndpKey+=
++++++++++++++++RegistryKey.OpenRemoteBaseKey(RegistryHive.LocalMachine,+"").
++++++++++++++++OpenSubKey(@"SOFTWARE\Microsoft\NET+Framework+Setup\NDP\"))
++++++++++++{
++++++++++++++++//+As+an+alternative,+if+you+know+the+computers+you+will+query+are+running+.NET+Framework+4.5+
++++++++++++++++//+or+later,+you+can+use:
++++++++++++++++//+using+(RegistryKey+ndpKey+=+RegistryKey.OpenBaseKey(RegistryHive.LocalMachine,+
++++++++++++++++//+RegistryView.Registry32).OpenSubKey(@"SOFTWARE\Microsoft\NET+Framework+Setup\NDP\"))
++++++++++++++++foreach+(string+versionKeyName+in+ndpKey.GetSubKeyNames())
++++++++++++++++{
++++++++++++++++++++if+(versionKeyName.StartsWith("v"))
++++++++++++++++++++{

++++++++++++++++++++++++RegistryKey+versionKey+=+ndpKey.OpenSubKey(versionKeyName);
++++++++++++++++++++++++string+name+=+(string)versionKey.GetValue("Version",+"");
++++++++++++++++++++++++string+sp+=+versionKey.GetValue("SP",+"").ToString();
++++++++++++++++++++++++string+install+=+versionKey.GetValue("Install",+"").ToString();
++++++++++++++++++++++++if+(install+==+"")+//no+install+info,+must+be+later.
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++res+%2B=+(versionKeyName+%2B+"++"+%2B+name)+%2B+Environment.NewLine;
++++++++++++++++++++++++else
++++++++++++++++++++++++{
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++if+(sp+!=+""+&&+install+==+"1")
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++{
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++res+%2B=+(versionKeyName+%2B+"++"+%2B+name+%2B+"++SP"+%2B+sp)+%2B+Environment.NewLine;
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++}

++++++++++++++++++++++++}
++++++++++++++++++++++++if+(name+!=+"")
++++++++++++++++++++++++{
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++continue;
++++++++++++++++++++++++}
++++++++++++++++++++++++foreach+(string+subKeyName+in+versionKey.GetSubKeyNames())
++++++++++++++++++++++++{
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++RegistryKey+subKey+=+versionKey.OpenSubKey(subKeyName);
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++name+=+(string)subKey.GetValue("Version",+"");
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++if+(name+!=+"")
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++sp+=+subKey.GetValue("SP",+"").ToString();
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++install+=+subKey.GetValue("Install",+"").ToString();
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++if+(install+==+"")+//no+install+info,+must+be+later.
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++res+%2B=+(versionKeyName+%2B+"++"+%2B+name)+%2B+Environment.NewLine;
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++else
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++{
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++if+(sp+!=+""+&&+install+==+"1")
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++{
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++res+%2B=+("++"+%2B+subKeyName+%2B+"++"+%2B+name+%2B+"++SP"+%2B+sp)+%2B+Environment.NewLine;
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++}
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++else+if+(install+==+"1")
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++{
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++res+%2B=+("++"+%2B+subKeyName+%2B+"++"+%2B+name)+%2B+Environment.NewLine;
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++}
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++}
++++++++++++++++++++++++}
++++++++++++++++++++}
++++++++++++++++}
++++++++++++}
++++++++++++return+res;
++++++++}
++++++++public+static+string+GetUpdateHistory()
++++++++{//https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/hh925567(v=vs.110).aspx
++++++++++++string+res=@"";
++++++++++++using+(RegistryKey+baseKey+=+RegistryKey.OpenBaseKey(RegistryHive.LocalMachine,+RegistryView.Registry32).OpenSubKey(@"SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Updates"))
++++++++++++{
++++++++++++++++foreach+(string+baseKeyName+in+baseKey.GetSubKeyNames())
++++++++++++++++{
++++++++++++++++++++if+(baseKeyName.Contains(".NET+Framework")+%7C%7C+baseKeyName.StartsWith("KB")+%7C%7C+baseKeyName.Contains(".NETFramework"))
++++++++++++++++++++{

++++++++++++++++++++++++using+(RegistryKey+updateKey+=+baseKey.OpenSubKey(baseKeyName))
++++++++++++++++++++++++{
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++string+name+=+(string)updateKey.GetValue("PackageName",+"");
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++res+%2B=+baseKeyName+%2B+"++"+%2B+name+%2B+Environment.NewLine;
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++foreach+(string+kbKeyName+in+updateKey.GetSubKeyNames())
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++{
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++using+(RegistryKey+kbKey+=+updateKey.OpenSubKey(kbKeyName))
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++{
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++name+=+(string)kbKey.GetValue("PackageName",+"");
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++res+%2B=+("++"+%2B+kbKeyName+%2B+"++"+%2B+name)+%2B+Environment.NewLine;

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++if+(kbKey.SubKeyCount+>+0)
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++{
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++foreach+(string+sbKeyName+in+kbKey.GetSubKeyNames())
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++{
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++using+(RegistryKey+sbSubKey+=+kbKey.OpenSubKey(sbKeyName))
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++{
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++name+=+(string)sbSubKey.GetValue("PackageName",+"");
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++if+(name+==+"")
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++name+=+(string)sbSubKey.GetValue("Description",+"");
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++res+%2B=+("++++"+%2B+sbKeyName+%2B+"++"+%2B+name)+%2B+Environment.NewLine;
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++}
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++}
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++}
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++}
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++}
++++++++++++++++++++++++}

++++++++++++++++++++}
++++++++++++++++}
++++++++++++}
++++++++++++return+res;
++++++++}
++++}
}|type|code-block|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|syntax|javascript|211952|unstyled|entityMap^0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|G|8|@]|9|@]|A|$B|C]]|$1|D|3|-4|5|E|7|H|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|F|$]]

<pre><code>public class DA {
 public static class VersionNetFramework {
 public static string Get45or451FromRegistry()
 {//https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/hh925568(v=vs.110).aspx
 using (RegistryKey ndpKey = RegistryKey.OpenBaseKey(RegistryHive.LocalMachine, RegistryView.Registry32).OpenSubKey("SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\NET Framework Setup\\NDP\\v4\\Full\\"))
 {
 int releaseKey = Convert.ToInt32(ndpKey.GetValue("Release"));
 if (true)
 {
 return (@"Version: " + CheckFor45DotVersion(releaseKey));
 }
 }
 }
 // Checking the version using &gt;= will enable forward compatibility, 
 // however you should always compile your code on newer versions of
 // the framework to ensure your app works the same.
 private static string CheckFor45DotVersion(int releaseKey)
 {//https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/hh925568(v=vs.110).aspx
 if (releaseKey &gt;= 394271)
 return "4.6.1 installed on all other Windows OS versions or later";
 if (releaseKey &gt;= 394254)
 return "4.6.1 installed on Windows 10 or later";
 if (releaseKey &gt;= 393297)
 return "4.6 installed on all other Windows OS versions or later";
 if (releaseKey &gt;= 393295)
 return "4.6 installed with Windows 10 or later";
 if (releaseKey &gt;= 379893)
 return "4.5.2 or later";
 if (releaseKey &gt;= 378758)
 return "4.5.1 installed on Windows 8, Windows 7 SP1, or Windows Vista SP2 or later";
 if (releaseKey &gt;= 378675)
 return "4.5.1 installed with Windows 8.1 or later";
 if (releaseKey &gt;= 378389)
 return "4.5 or later";

 return "No 4.5 or later version detected";
 }
 public static string GetVersionFromRegistry()
 {//https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/hh925568(v=vs.110).aspx
 string res = @"";
 // Opens the registry key for the .NET Framework entry.
 using (RegistryKey ndpKey =
 RegistryKey.OpenRemoteBaseKey(RegistryHive.LocalMachine, "").
 OpenSubKey(@"SOFTWARE\Microsoft\NET Framework Setup\NDP\"))
 {
 // As an alternative, if you know the computers you will query are running .NET Framework 4.5 
 // or later, you can use:
 // using (RegistryKey ndpKey = RegistryKey.OpenBaseKey(RegistryHive.LocalMachine, 
 // RegistryView.Registry32).OpenSubKey(@"SOFTWARE\Microsoft\NET Framework Setup\NDP\"))
 foreach (string versionKeyName in ndpKey.GetSubKeyNames())
 {
 if (versionKeyName.StartsWith("v"))
 {

 RegistryKey versionKey = ndpKey.OpenSubKey(versionKeyName);
 string name = (string)versionKey.GetValue("Version", "");
 string sp = versionKey.GetValue("SP", "").ToString();
 string install = versionKey.GetValue("Install", "").ToString();
 if (install == "") //no install info, must be later.
 res += (versionKeyName + " " + name) + Environment.NewLine;
 else
 {
 if (sp != "" &amp;&amp; install == "1")
 {
 res += (versionKeyName + " " + name + " SP" + sp) + Environment.NewLine;
 }

 }
 if (name != "")
 {
 continue;
 }
 foreach (string subKeyName in versionKey.GetSubKeyNames())
 {
 RegistryKey subKey = versionKey.OpenSubKey(subKeyName);
 name = (string)subKey.GetValue("Version", "");
 if (name != "")
 sp = subKey.GetValue("SP", "").ToString();
 install = subKey.GetValue("Install", "").ToString();
 if (install == "") //no install info, must be later.
 res += (versionKeyName + " " + name) + Environment.NewLine;
 else
 {
 if (sp != "" &amp;&amp; install == "1")
 {
 res += (" " + subKeyName + " " + name + " SP" + sp) + Environment.NewLine;
 }
 else if (install == "1")
 {
 res += (" " + subKeyName + " " + name) + Environment.NewLine;
 }
 }
 }
 }
 }
 }
 return res;
 }
 public static string GetUpdateHistory()
 {//https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/hh925567(v=vs.110).aspx
 string res=@"";
 using (RegistryKey baseKey = RegistryKey.OpenBaseKey(RegistryHive.LocalMachine, RegistryView.Registry32).OpenSubKey(@"SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Updates"))
 {
 foreach (string baseKeyName in baseKey.GetSubKeyNames())
 {
 if (baseKeyName.Contains(".NET Framework") || baseKeyName.StartsWith("KB") || baseKeyName.Contains(".NETFramework"))
 {

 using (RegistryKey updateKey = baseKey.OpenSubKey(baseKeyName))
 {
 string name = (string)updateKey.GetValue("PackageName", "");
 res += baseKeyName + " " + name + Environment.NewLine;
 foreach (string kbKeyName in updateKey.GetSubKeyNames())
 {
 using (RegistryKey kbKey = updateKey.OpenSubKey(kbKeyName))
 {
 name = (string)kbKey.GetValue("PackageName", "");
 res += (" " + kbKeyName + " " + name) + Environment.NewLine;

 if (kbKey.SubKeyCount &gt; 0)
 {
 foreach (string sbKeyName in kbKey.GetSubKeyNames())
 {
 using (RegistryKey sbSubKey = kbKey.OpenSubKey(sbKeyName))
 {
 name = (string)sbSubKey.GetValue("PackageName", "");
 if (name == "")
 name = (string)sbSubKey.GetValue("Description", "");
 res += (" " + sbKeyName + " " + name) + Environment.NewLine;
 }
 }
 }
 }
 }
 }

 }
 }
 }
 return res;
 }
 }
}
</code></pre>

blocks|key|2850056|text|您可以随时访问Window/Microsoft.Net/Framework4.0.30319并查看system.dll+file...right的单击属性，然后查看go+to+details..should显示版本...system.dll+for+4.5.2|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|2850057|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://i.stack.imgur.com/FRAXY.jpg^0|32|K|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|L|8|@]|9|@$A|M|B|N|1|O]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|-4|5|6|7|P|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|E|$F|$5|G|H|I|C|$J|K]]]]

you can always go to the Windows/Microsoft.net/Framework/4.0.30319 and look at the system.dll file...right click properties and see go to details..should show you the version...
<a href="http://i.stack.imgur.com/FRAXY.jpg" rel="nofollow">system.dll for 4.5.2</a>

blocks|key|2850079|text|如果有人需要在表格中排列的.net版本的System.Environment.Version值(需要使用excel执行=Vlookup等)|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|2850080|这是我为此创建的plunker。|2850081|输入上面的链接，您将能够复制此表映像：|2850082|​|2850083|📷|atomic|2850084|2850085|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|https://plnkr.co/edit/PHa7g18G8bN2Q9FQ4pDz?p=preview|1|IMAGE|IMMUTABLE|imageUrl|https://ask.qcloudimg.com/http-save/yehe-900000/0e4c92c206bcca87a17ab6680153a6e4.png|imageAlt^0|K|Q|1N|8|0|8|7|0|0|0|0|0|1|1|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|13|8|@$9|14|A|15|B|C]|$9|16|A|17|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|6|7|18|8|@]|D|@$9|19|A|1A|1|1B]]|E|$]]|$1|H|3|I|5|6|7|1C|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|J|3|K|5|6|7|1D|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|L|3|M|5|N|7|1E|8|@]|D|@$9|1F|A|1G|1|1H]]|E|$]]|$1|O|3|K|5|6|7|1I|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|P|3|-4|5|6|7|1J|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|Q|$R|$5|S|T|U|E|$V|W]]|X|$5|Y|T|Z|E|$10|11|12|-4]]]]

If someone needs the <code>System.Environment.Version</code> value against the .net version, arranged in a table (need to perform <code>=Vlookup</code> with excel etc...) 
here is a <a href="https://plnkr.co/edit/PHa7g18G8bN2Q9FQ4pDz?p=preview" rel="nofollow noreferrer">plunker</a> I have created for that. 
 
enter the link above and you will be able to copy the this table image:

<a href="https://i.stack.imgur.com/A0LDC.png" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><img src="https://i.stack.imgur.com/A0LDC.png" alt="enter image description here"></a>

blocks|key|2850087|text|您可以使用powershell安装所有版本：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|2850088|Get-ChildItem+'HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\NET+Framework+Setup\NDP'+-Recurse+%7C+Get-ItemProperty+-Name+Version,Release+-EA+0+%7C+where+{+$_.PSChildName+-match+'%5E(?!S)\p{L}'}+%7C+select+PSChildName,+Version,+Release+%7C+Select+-ExpandProperty+Version+%7C+Sort-Object+Version|code-block|syntax|javascript|2850089|前面的powershell命令将查看注册表项，并按version+descendent将它们全部打印出来|2850090|输出示例：|2850091|4.8.03761
3.5.30729.4926
4.0.0.0
4.8.03761
3.0.30729.4926
2.0.50727.4927
3.0.6920.4902
3.0.4506.4926|2850092|entityMap^0|0|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|O|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|P|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|H|5|6|7|Q|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|I|3|J|5|6|7|R|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|K|3|L|5|D|7|S|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|M|3|-4|5|6|7|T|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|N|$]]

You can use powershell to get all the versions installed:
<pre><code>Get-ChildItem 'HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\NET Framework Setup\NDP' -Recurse | Get-ItemProperty -Name Version,Release -EA 0 | where { $_.PSChildName -match '^(?!S)\p{L}'} | select PSChildName, Version, Release | Select -ExpandProperty Version | Sort-Object Version
</code></pre>
The previous powershell command will look into the registry key and print them all sorted by version descendent
Output example:
<pre><code>4.8.03761
3.5.30729.4926
4.0.0.0
4.8.03761
3.0.30729.4926
2.0.50727.4927
3.0.6920.4902
3.0.4506.4926
</code></pre>

My actual problem is that I have encountered two versions of .NET 4.5 full setups:

<ul>
<li>a (possibly) older one, which is also available when downloading SQL Server Data Tools
<ul>
<li>size: <code>50,349,920</code></li>
<li>md5: <code>a5e81d1b3905ada0a6e35fd6c6a2e1f4</code></li>
</ul></li>
<li>a (possibly) newer one downloaded this morning from here: <a href="http://www.microsoft.com/visualstudio/eng/downloads">http://www.microsoft.com/visualstudio/eng/downloads</a>
<ul>
<li>size: <code>50,352,408</code></li>
<li>md5: <code>d02dc8b69a702a47c083278938c4d2f1</code></li>
</ul></li>
</ul>

The version for both setups is <code>4.5.50709.17929</code>. Inside, the main difference is the <code>netfx_Full.mzz</code> file, but after extracting the content with 7-zip I end up with a lot of files with the same version, even if the file content is different (I have checked about 20 random files from about 426), so I can't really tell which one is newer.

Is there a way to reliably detect the actual version of the installed .NET 4.5 runtime, so I can run the setup only if it's really required?

Update

I have checked all the 426 files that have different content, and all of them are having the same ProductVersion and FileVersion in both setups. So, registry or file checksums are the next step.

Update 2

The version listed in the registry is the same for both setups: <code>4.5.50709</code>

Update 3

<a href="http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=42642">.NET 4.5.2</a> is now available:

<blockquote>
 This version of the .NET Framework runs side-by-side with the .NET Framework 3.5 SP1 and earlier versions, but performs an in-place update for the .NET Framework 4, .NET Framework 4.5 and .NET Framework 4.5.1. 
</blockquote>

How to reliably detect the actual .NET 4.5 version installed?

数字签名

SQL Server

Windows

我的实际问题是，我遇到了两个版本的.NET 4.5完整设置：是(可能)较旧的版本，在下载SQL Server Data Tools 时也可以使用该版本大小：50,349,920md5：a5e81d1b3905ada0a6e35fd6c6a2e1f4​今天上午从这里下载了一个(可能)更新的： 大小：50,352,408m...

问如何可靠地检测实际安装的.NET 4.5版本？
EN

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问如何可靠地检测实际安装的.NET 4.5版本？
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