blocks|key|1398745|text|我试着用Ruby编写了一个GUI库，只用了一点C，主要是Ruby。它最终变得如此缓慢，我放弃了，从来没有发布过它。但是我为它写了一个事件系统，我试着让它比C#的更容易。我重写了几次，使它更容易使用。我希望它能有所帮助。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1398746|class+EventHandlerArray+<+Array
++def+add_handler(code=nil,+&block)
++++if(code)
++++++push(code)
++++else
++++++push(block)
++++end
++end
++def+add
++++raise+"error"
++end
++def+remove_handler(code)
++++delete(code)
++end
++def+fire(e)
++++reverse_each+{+%7Chandler%7C+handler.call(e)+}
++end
end

#+with+this,+you+can+do:
#++event.add_handler
#++event.remove_handler
#++event.fire+(usually+never+used)
#++fire_event
#++when_event
#+You+just+need+to+call+the+events+method+and+call+super+to+initialize+the+events:
#++class+MyControl
#++++events+:mouse_down,+:mouse_up,
#+++++++++++:mouse_enter,+:mouse_leave
#++++def+initialize
#++++++super
#++++end
#++++def+when_mouse_up(e)
#++++++#+do+something
#++++end
#++end
#++control+=+MyControl.new
#++control.mouse_down.add_handler+{
#++++puts+"Mouse+down"
#++}
#+As+you+can+see,+you+can+redefine+when_event+in+a+class+to+handle+the+event.
#+The+handlers+are+called+first,+and+then+the+when_event+method+if+a+handler+didn't
#+set+e.handled+to+true.+If+you+need+when_event+to+be+called+before+the+handlers,
#+override+fire_event+and+call+when_event+before+event.fire.+This+is+what+painting
#+does,+for+handlers+should+paint+after+the+control.
#++class+SubControl+<+MyControl
#++++def+when_mouse_down(e)
#++++++super
#++++++#+do+something
#++++end
#++end
def+events(*symbols)
++#+NOTE:+Module#method_added

++#+create+a+module+and+'include'+it
++modName+=+name%2B"Events"
++initStr+=+Array.new
++readerStr+=+Array.new
++methodsStr+=+Array.new
++symbols.each+{+%7Csym%7C
++++name+=+sym.to_s
++++initStr+<<+%25Q{
++++++@#{name}+=+EventHandlerArray.new
++++}
++++readerStr+<<+":#{name}"
++++methodsStr+<<+%25Q{
++++++def+fire_#{name}(e)
++++++++@#{name}.fire(e)
++++++++when_#{name}(e)+if(!e.handled?)
++++++end
++++++def+when_#{name}(e)
++++++end
++++}
++}
++eval+%25Q{
++++module+#{modName}
++++++def+initialize(*args)
++++++++begin
++++++++++super(*args)
++++++++rescue+NoMethodError;+end
++++++++#{initStr.join}
++++++end
++++++#{"attr_reader+"%2BreaderStr.join(',+')}
++++++#{methodsStr.join}
++++end
++++include+#{modName}
++}
end

class+Event
++attr_writer+:handled
++def+initialize(sender)
++++@sender+=+@sender
++++@handled+=+false
++end
++def+handled?;+@handled;+end
end|code-block|syntax|javascript|1398747|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|I|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|J|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|-4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|H|$]]

I tried writing a GUI library in Ruby with a little C and primarily Ruby. It ended up being so slow I gave up and never released it. But I wrote an event system for it that I tried to make easier than C#'s. I rewrote it a couple times to make it easier to use. I hope it is somewhat helpful.

<pre><code>class EventHandlerArray &lt; Array
 def add_handler(code=nil, &amp;block)
 if(code)
 push(code)
 else
 push(block)
 end
 end
 def add
 raise "error"
 end
 def remove_handler(code)
 delete(code)
 end
 def fire(e)
 reverse_each { |handler| handler.call(e) }
 end
end

# with this, you can do:
# event.add_handler
# event.remove_handler
# event.fire (usually never used)
# fire_event
# when_event
# You just need to call the events method and call super to initialize the events:
# class MyControl
# events :mouse_down, :mouse_up,
# :mouse_enter, :mouse_leave
# def initialize
# super
# end
# def when_mouse_up(e)
# # do something
# end
# end
# control = MyControl.new
# control.mouse_down.add_handler {
# puts "Mouse down"
# }
# As you can see, you can redefine when_event in a class to handle the event.
# The handlers are called first, and then the when_event method if a handler didn't
# set e.handled to true. If you need when_event to be called before the handlers,
# override fire_event and call when_event before event.fire. This is what painting
# does, for handlers should paint after the control.
# class SubControl &lt; MyControl
# def when_mouse_down(e)
# super
# # do something
# end
# end
def events(*symbols)
 # NOTE: Module#method_added

 # create a module and 'include' it
 modName = name+"Events"
 initStr = Array.new
 readerStr = Array.new
 methodsStr = Array.new
 symbols.each { |sym|
 name = sym.to_s
 initStr &lt;&lt; %Q{
 @#{name} = EventHandlerArray.new
 }
 readerStr &lt;&lt; ":#{name}"
 methodsStr &lt;&lt; %Q{
 def fire_#{name}(e)
 @#{name}.fire(e)
 when_#{name}(e) if(!e.handled?)
 end
 def when_#{name}(e)
 end
 }
 }
 eval %Q{
 module #{modName}
 def initialize(*args)
 begin
 super(*args)
 rescue NoMethodError; end
 #{initStr.join}
 end
 #{"attr_reader "+readerStr.join(', ')}
 #{methodsStr.join}
 end
 include #{modName}
 }
end

class Event
 attr_writer :handled
 def initialize(sender)
 @sender = @sender
 @handled = false
 end
 def handled?; @handled; end
end
</code></pre>

blocks|key|1613489|text|我不确定你到底是什么意思，但你可能会在你的类中使用异常，并在某些“事件”中引发它们。如果GUI开发需要事件，那么大多数GUI框架都会定义自己的事件处理方式。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1613490|希望这在一定程度上回答了你的问题。|1613491|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|F|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|G|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|D|3|-4|5|6|7|H|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|E|$]]

I'm not sure of exactly what you mean but you could probably use exceptions in your classes and raise them on certain "events". If you need event for GUI development then most GUI frameworks define their own event handling style. 

Hope this somewhat answers you're question.

blocks|key|1398818|text|这个问题已经得到了回答，但是如果你想看一下，标准库中有一个内置的observer。我过去曾在一个小游戏项目中使用过它，它运行得非常好。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|1398819|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://www.ruby-doc.org/stdlib/libdoc/observer/rdoc/index.html^0|W|8|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|L|8|@]|9|@$A|M|B|N|1|O]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|-4|5|6|7|P|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|E|$F|$5|G|H|I|C|$J|K]]]]

The question has already been answered, but there's an <a href="http://www.ruby-doc.org/stdlib/libdoc/observer/rdoc/index.html" rel="noreferrer">observer</a> built right into the standard library if you want to give that a look. I've used it in the past for a small game project, and it works very well.

blocks|key|1398862|text|非常简单的Ruby监听器。这并不完全是.NET事件的替代品，但这是一个非常简单的侦听器的一个非常简单的示例。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1398863|module+Listenable

++++def+listeners()+@listeners+%7C%7C=+[]+end

++++def+add_listener(listener)
++++++++listeners+<<+listener
++++end

++++def+remove_listener(listener)
++++++++listeners.delete+listener
++++end

++++def+notify_listeners(event_name,+*args)
++++++++listeners.each+do+%7Clistener%7C
++++++++++++if+listener.respond_to?+event_name
++++++++++++++++listener.__send__+event_name,+*args
++++++++++++end
++++++++end
++++end

end|code-block|syntax|javascript|1398864|要使用以下命令：|1398865|class+CowListenable
++++include+Listenable

++++def+speak
++++++++notify_listeners+:spoken,+'moooo!'
++++end

end

class+CowListener

++++def+initialize(cow_listenable)
++++++++cow_listenable.add_listener+self
++++end

++++def+spoken(message)
++++++++puts+"The+cow+said+'#{message}'"
++++end

end

cow_listenable+=+CowListenable.new
CowListener.new(cow_listenable)
cow_listenable.speak|1398866|输出：|1398867|The+cow+said+'moooo!'|1398868|entityMap^0|0|0|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|Q|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|R|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|H|5|6|7|S|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|I|3|J|5|D|7|T|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|K|3|L|5|6|7|U|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|M|3|N|5|D|7|V|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|O|3|-4|5|6|7|W|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|P|$]]

Extremely simple Ruby listener. This is not exactly a replacement for .NET events, but this one is an extremely simple example of a very simple listener.

<pre><code>module Listenable

 def listeners() @listeners ||= [] end

 def add_listener(listener)
 listeners &lt;&lt; listener
 end

 def remove_listener(listener)
 listeners.delete listener
 end

 def notify_listeners(event_name, *args)
 listeners.each do |listener|
 if listener.respond_to? event_name
 listener.__send__ event_name, *args
 end
 end
 end

end
</code></pre>

To use:

<pre><code>class CowListenable
 include Listenable

 def speak
 notify_listeners :spoken, 'moooo!'
 end

end

class CowListener

 def initialize(cow_listenable)
 cow_listenable.add_listener self
 end

 def spoken(message)
 puts "The cow said '#{message}'"
 end

end

cow_listenable = CowListenable.new
CowListener.new(cow_listenable)
cow_listenable.speak
</code></pre>

Output:

<pre><code>The cow said 'moooo!'
</code></pre>

I come from a C# background, and have just started programming in Ruby. The thing is, that I need to know how I can raise events in my classes so that various observers can be triggered when things need to happen.

The problem is the books I have on Ruby don't even mention events, let alone provide examples. Is anyone able to help me?

How to do Events in Ruby?

Ruby语言

我有C#背景，刚刚开始用Ruby语言编程。问题是，我需要知道如何在我的类中引发事件，以便在需要发生事情时触发各种观察器。问题是我写的关于Ruby的书甚至没有提到事件，更不用说提供例子了。有人能帮我吗？

问如何在Ruby中做事件？
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