如何使用Jasmine测试AngularJS服务？
如何使用Jasmine测试AngularJS服务？
提问于 2012-10-22 22:38:49
(这里有一个相关的问题：Jasmine test does not see AngularJS module)
我只想在没有引导Angular的情况下测试一个服务。
我已经看了一些例子和教程，但我哪里也不去。
我只有三个文件：
- myService.js:在这里我定义了一个AngularJS测试，在这里我定义了一个带有普通Jasmine配置的service.
- specRunner.html:文件的Angularjs测试，并且在这里我导入了前面的两个文件以及Jasmine、Angularjs和angular-mocks.js.
这是服务的代码(当我不在测试时，它可以正常工作)：
var myModule = angular.module('myModule', []);
myModule.factory('myService', function(){
var serviceImplementation = {};
serviceImplementation.one = 1;
serviceImplementation.two = 2;
serviceImplementation.three = 3;
return serviceImplementation
});当我试图在隔离中测试服务时，我应该能够访问它并检查他们的方法。我的问题是:如何在不引导AngularJS的情况下在测试中注入服务？
例如，如何使用Jasmine测试服务方法的返回值，如下所示：
describe('myService test', function(){
describe('when I call myService.one', function(){
it('returns 1', function(){
myModule = angular.module('myModule');
//something is missing here..
expect( myService.one ).toEqual(1);
})
})
});回答 4
Stack Overflow用户
回答已采纳
发布于 2012-10-23 22:36:53
问题是，在上面的示例中没有调用实例化服务的工厂方法(只创建模块不会实例化服务)。
为了实例化服务，必须使用定义我们的服务的模块调用angular.injector。然后，我们可以请求服务的新注入器对象，只有在服务最终实例化时才会这样。
类似这样的东西是有效的：
describe('myService test', function(){
describe('when I call myService.one', function(){
it('returns 1', function(){
var $injector = angular.injector([ 'myModule' ]);
var myService = $injector.get( 'myService' );
expect( myService.one ).toEqual(1);
})
})
});另一种方法是使用‘invoke’将服务传递给函数：
describe('myService test', function(){
describe('when I call myService.one', function(){
it('returns 1', function(){
myTestFunction = function(aService){
expect( aService.one ).toEqual(1);
}
//we only need the following line if the name of the
//parameter in myTestFunction is not 'myService' or if
//the code is going to be minify.
myTestFunction.$inject = [ 'myService' ];
var myInjector = angular.injector([ 'myModule' ]);
myInjector.invoke( myTestFunction );
})
})
});最后，正确的做法是在'beforeEach‘jasmine块中使用'inject’和'module‘。在这样做的时候，我们必须意识到'inject‘函数它不在标准的angularjs包中，而是在ngMock模块中，并且它只能与jasmine一起工作。
describe('myService test', function(){
describe('when I call myService.one', function(){
beforeEach(module('myModule'));
it('returns 1', inject(function(myService){ //parameter name = service name
expect( myService.one ).toEqual(1);
}))
})
});Stack Overflow用户
发布于 2016-12-30 07:35:58
虽然上面的答案可能工作得很好(我还没有尝试过: )，但我经常有更多的测试要运行，所以我不会自己注入测试。我将it()案例分组到describe块中，并在每个describe块中的beforeEach()或beforeAll()中运行注入。
罗伯特也是正确的，他说你必须使用Angular $injector来使测试感知服务或工厂。Angular也在你的应用程序中使用这个注入器本身来告诉应用程序什么是可用的。但是，它可以在多个地方调用，也可以隐式调用而不是显式调用。您将注意到，在下面的示例规范测试文件中，beforeEach()块隐式调用注入器，以便在测试中分配可用内容。
回到分组和使用之前的块，这里有一个小例子。我正在创建一个Cat服务，并希望对其进行测试，因此我编写和测试该服务的简单设置如下所示：
app.js
var catsApp = angular.module('catsApp', ['ngMockE2E']);
angular.module('catsApp.mocks', [])
.value('StaticCatsData', function() {
return [{
id: 1,
title: "Commando",
name: "Kitty MeowMeow",
score: 123
}, {
id: 2,
title: "Raw Deal",
name: "Basketpaws",
score: 17
}, {
id: 3,
title: "Predator",
name: "Noseboops",
score: 184
}];
});
catsApp.factory('LoggingService', ['$log', function($log) {
// Private Helper: Object or String or what passed
// for logging? Let's make it String-readable...
function _parseStuffIntoMessage(stuff) {
var message = "";
if (typeof stuff !== "string") {
message = JSON.stringify(stuff)
} else {
message = stuff;
}
return message;
}
/**
* @summary
* Write a log statement for debug or informational purposes.
*/
var write = function(stuff) {
var log_msg = _parseStuffIntoMessage(stuff);
$log.log(log_msg);
}
/**
* @summary
* Write's an error out to the console.
*/
var error = function(stuff) {
var err_msg = _parseStuffIntoMessage(stuff);
$log.error(err_msg);
}
return {
error: error,
write: write
};
}])
catsApp.factory('CatsService', ['$http', 'LoggingService', function($http, Logging) {
/*
response:
data, status, headers, config, statusText
*/
var Success_Callback = function(response) {
Logging.write("CatsService::getAllCats()::Success!");
return {"status": status, "data": data};
}
var Error_Callback = function(response) {
Logging.error("CatsService::getAllCats()::Error!");
return {"status": status, "data": data};
}
var allCats = function() {
console.log('# Cats.allCats()');
return $http.get('/cats')
.then(Success_Callback, Error_Callback);
}
return {
getAllCats: allCats
};
}]);
var CatsController = function(Cats, $scope) {
var vm = this;
vm.cats = [];
// ========================
/**
* @summary
* Initializes the controller.
*/
vm.activate = function() {
console.log('* CatsCtrl.activate()!');
// Get ALL the cats!
Cats.getAllCats().then(
function(litter) {
console.log('> ', litter);
vm.cats = litter;
console.log('>>> ', vm.cats);
}
);
}
vm.activate();
}
CatsController.$inject = ['CatsService', '$scope'];
catsApp.controller('CatsCtrl', CatsController);规范: Cats控制器
'use strict';
describe('Unit Tests: Cats Controller', function() {
var $scope, $q, deferred, $controller, $rootScope, catsCtrl, mockCatsData, createCatsCtrl;
beforeEach(module('catsApp'));
beforeEach(module('catsApp.mocks'));
var catsServiceMock;
beforeEach(inject(function(_$q_, _$controller_, $injector, StaticCatsData) {
$q = _$q_;
$controller = _$controller_;
deferred = $q.defer();
mockCatsData = StaticCatsData();
// ToDo:
// Put catsServiceMock inside of module "catsApp.mocks" ?
catsServiceMock = {
getAllCats: function() {
// Just give back the data we expect.
deferred.resolve(mockCatsData);
// Mock the Promise, too, so it can run
// and call .then() as expected
return deferred.promise;
}
};
}));
// Controller MOCK
var createCatsController;
// beforeEach(inject(function (_$rootScope_, $controller, FakeCatsService) {
beforeEach(inject(function (_$rootScope_, $controller, CatsService) {
$rootScope = _$rootScope_;
$scope = $rootScope.$new();
createCatsController = function() {
return $controller('CatsCtrl', {
'$scope': $scope,
CatsService: catsServiceMock
});
};
}));
// ==========================
it('should have NO cats loaded at first', function() {
catsCtrl = createCatsController();
expect(catsCtrl.cats).toBeDefined();
expect(catsCtrl.cats.length).toEqual(0);
});
it('should call "activate()" on load, but only once', function() {
catsCtrl = createCatsController();
spyOn(catsCtrl, 'activate').and.returnValue(mockCatsData);
// *** For some reason, Auto-Executing init functions
// aren't working for me in Plunkr?
// I have to call it once manually instead of relying on
// $scope creation to do it... Sorry, not sure why.
catsCtrl.activate();
$rootScope.$digest(); // ELSE ...then() does NOT resolve.
expect(catsCtrl.activate).toBeDefined();
expect(catsCtrl.activate).toHaveBeenCalled();
expect(catsCtrl.activate.calls.count()).toEqual(1);
// Test/Expect additional conditions for
// "Yes, the controller was activated right!"
// (A) - there is be cats
expect(catsCtrl.cats.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
});
// (B) - there is be cats SUCH THAT
// can haz these properties...
it('each cat will have a NAME, TITLE and SCORE', function() {
catsCtrl = createCatsController();
spyOn(catsCtrl, 'activate').and.returnValue(mockCatsData);
// *** and again...
catsCtrl.activate();
$rootScope.$digest(); // ELSE ...then() does NOT resolve.
var names = _.map(catsCtrl.cats, function(cat) { return cat.name; })
var titles = _.map(catsCtrl.cats, function(cat) { return cat.title; })
var scores = _.map(catsCtrl.cats, function(cat) { return cat.score; })
expect(names.length).toEqual(3);
expect(titles.length).toEqual(3);
expect(scores.length).toEqual(3);
});
});规范: Cats服务
'use strict';
describe('Unit Tests: Cats Service', function() {
var $scope, $rootScope, $log, cats, logging, $httpBackend, mockCatsData;
beforeEach(module('catsApp'));
beforeEach(module('catsApp.mocks'));
describe('has a method: getAllCats() that', function() {
beforeEach(inject(function($q, _$rootScope_, _$httpBackend_, _$log_, $injector, StaticCatsData) {
cats = $injector.get('CatsService');
$rootScope = _$rootScope_;
$httpBackend = _$httpBackend_;
// We don't want to test the resolving of *actual data*
// in a unit test.
// The "proper" place for that is in Integration Test, which
// is basically a unit test that is less mocked - you test
// the endpoints and responses and APIs instead of the
// specific service behaviors.
mockCatsData = StaticCatsData();
// For handling Promises and deferrals in our Service calls...
var deferred = $q.defer();
deferred.resolve(mockCatsData); // always resolved, you can do it from your spec
// jasmine 2.0
// Spy + Promise Mocking
// spyOn(obj, 'method'), (assumes obj.method is a function)
spyOn(cats, 'getAllCats').and.returnValue(deferred.promise);
/*
To mock $http as a dependency, use $httpBackend to
setup HTTP calls and expectations.
*/
$httpBackend.whenGET('/cats').respond(200, mockCatsData);
}));
afterEach(function() {
$httpBackend.verifyNoOutstandingExpectation();
$httpBackend.verifyNoOutstandingRequest();
})
it(' exists/is defined', function() {
expect( cats.getAllCats ).toBeDefined();
expect( typeof cats.getAllCats ).toEqual("function");
});
it(' returns an array of Cats, where each cat has a NAME, TITLE and SCORE', function() {
cats.getAllCats().then(function(data) {
var names = _.map(data, function(cat) { return cat.name; })
var titles = _.map(data, function(cat) { return cat.title; })
var scores = _.map(data, function(cat) { return cat.score; })
expect(names.length).toEqual(3);
expect(titles.length).toEqual(3);
expect(scores.length).toEqual(3);
})
});
})
describe('has a method: getAllCats() that also logs', function() {
var cats, $log, logging;
beforeEach(inject(
function(_$log_, $injector) {
cats = $injector.get('CatsService');
$log = _$log_;
logging = $injector.get('LoggingService');
spyOn(cats, 'getAllCats').and.callThrough();
}
))
it('that on SUCCESS, $logs to the console a success message', function() {
cats.getAllCats().then(function(data) {
expect(logging.write).toHaveBeenCalled();
expect( $log.log.logs ).toContain(["CatsService::getAllCats()::Success!"]);
})
});
})
});编辑基于一些评论，我已经更新了我的答案，使其稍微复杂一些，我还制作了一个Plunkr演示单元测试。具体地说，其中一条评论提到了“如果控制器的服务本身有一个简单的依赖关系，比如$log呢？”--它包含在带有测试用例的示例中。希望它能帮上忙！测试或黑进地球！
Stack Overflow用户
发布于 2016-02-23 02:55:09
我需要测试一个需要另一个指令Google Places Autocomplete的指令，我正在考虑是否应该直接模拟它……无论如何，这并没有为需要gPlacesAutocomplete的指令抛出任何错误。
describe('Test directives:', function() {
beforeEach(module(...));
beforeEach(module(...));
beforeEach(function() {
angular.module('google.places', [])
.directive('gPlacesAutocomplete',function() {
return {
require: ['ngModel'],
restrict: 'A',
scope:{},
controller: function() { return {}; }
};
});
});
beforeEach(module('google.places'));
});页面原文内容由Stack Overflow提供。腾讯云小微IT领域专用引擎提供翻译支持
原文链接：
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/13013772
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