blocks|key|1311609|text|这在很大程度上仍然是正确的。大多数用户仍然处于阻止传入连接的防火墙或家庭路由器之后。与2001年相比，现在可以更轻松地打开这些应用程序(例如，使用uPnP，只需要很少的用户交互和知识)，但大多数商业最终用户目标应用程序-电话(Skype、VoIP)、聊天(各种信使)、远程控制-都是绕过防火墙问题的集中式解决方案。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1311610|entityMap^0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|D|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|-4|5|6|7|E|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|C|$]]

It's still largely correct. Most users still are behind firewalls or home routers that block incoming connections. Those can be opened easier today than in 2001 (using uPnP for example, requiring little user interaction and knowledge) but most commercial end-user-targeting applications - phone (Skype, VoIP), chat (the various Messengers), remote control - are centralized solutions to circumvent firewall problems.

blocks|key|1096566|text|防火墙和NAT通常仍然会中断家用PC(以及家用PC和企业台式机)之间的直接点对点通信。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1096567|它们可以配置为允许特定的点对点协议，但这仍然是大多数不懂的用户的绊脚石。|1096568|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|F|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|G|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|D|3|-4|5|6|7|H|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|E|$]]

Firewalls and NATs still commonly disrupt direct peer-to-peer communication between home-based PCs (and also between home-based PCs and corporate desktops).

They can be configured to allow particular peer-to-peer protocols, but that remains a stumbling block for most unsavvy users.

blocks|key|1311742|text|我会说，无论是现在还是当时，这都是完全错误的。是的，您将有许多将被防火墙保护的节点，然而，您也将拥有大量未被防火墙保护的节点。因此，如果使用端到端加密来防止流量被窥探，那么您可以使用非防火墙客户端作为两个想要聊天的防火墙客户端之间的中介。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1311743|但是，您需要注意分散负载，这样一些未安装防火墙的客户端就不会有太多负载。|1311744|Skype使用了类似的想法。它们甚至允许通过中介进行文件传输，尽管它们限制了吞吐量，以免中间人过载。|1311745|话虽如此，在2010年，在防火墙上打洞要比2001年容易得多，因为大多数路由器将允许您通过UPNP自动打开端口，因此您可能会有更多的未安装防火墙的客户端可供使用。|1311746|entityMap^0|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|J|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|6|7|L|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|6|7|M|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|H|3|-4|5|6|7|N|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|I|$]]

I would say that it is just plain wrong, both now and then. Yes, you will have many nodes that will be firewalled, however, you will also have a significant number who are not. So, if end-to-end encryption is used to protect the traffic from snooping, then you can use non-firewalled clients to act as intermediaries between two firewalled clients that want to chat.

You will need to take care, however, to spread the load around, so that a few unfirewalled clients aren't given too much load.

Skype uses a similar idea. They even allow file transfers through intermediaries, though they limit the through-put so as not to over load the middle-men.

That being said, now in 2010, it is a lot easier to punch holes in firewalls than it was in 2001, as most routers will allow you to automate the opening of ports via UPNP, so you are likely to have a larger pool of unfirewalled clients to work with.

blocks|key|1096719|text|它太旧了，而且不正确。我相信有一个叫做Tribler+(新闻文章)的产品可以让BitTorrent以一种完全去中心化的方式工作。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|1096720|如果你想回到几年前(甚至在那个文档之前)，你可以看看Windows。Windows网络过去以一种完全分散的方式运行。在某些情况下，它仍然存在。|1096721|UPNP在确定本地网络上可用设备的方式上也是分散的。|1096722|为了去中心化，你需要有一种方法来定位其他同行。这可以通过扫描网络(耗时)或让客户端通过某种方式宣布它们可用来主动完成。|1096723|通告可以是简单的UDP数据包，这些数据包经常被广播到其他对等体监听的子网。另一种机制是广播到IIRC频道(最常见的是指挥和控制僵尸网络)，等等。你甚至可以使用twitter或类似的服务。在这里发挥你的想象力。|1096724|防火墙并没有真正起到作用，因为它们几乎总是开放一些端口，比如80+(http)。显然，如果关闭了网络，您将无法浏览网络。现在，如果防火墙被配置为只允许来自内部客户端的连接，那么您需要做更多的工作。但不是很多。|1096725|NAT也不是类似问题的关注点。|1096726|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://torrentfreak.com/tribler-set-to-make-bittorrent-sites-obsolete-081028/|1|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Plug_and_Play^0|J|7|0|0|0|0|4|1|0|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|Z|8|@]|9|@$A|10|B|11|1|12]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|6|7|13|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|6|7|14|8|@]|9|@$A|15|B|16|1|17]]|C|$]]|$1|H|3|I|5|6|7|18|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|J|3|K|5|6|7|19|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|L|3|M|5|6|7|1A|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|N|3|O|5|6|7|1B|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|P|3|-4|5|6|7|1C|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|Q|$R|$5|S|T|U|C|$V|W]]|X|$5|S|T|U|C|$V|Y]]]]

It's very old and not correct. I believe there is a product out called <a href="http://torrentfreak.com/tribler-set-to-make-bittorrent-sites-obsolete-081028/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Tribler</a> (news article) which enables BitTorrent to function in a fully decentralized way.

If you want to go back a few years (even before that document) you could look at Windows. Windows networking used to function in a fully decentralized way. In some cases it still does. 

<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Plug_and_Play" rel="nofollow noreferrer">UPNP</a> is also decentralized in how it determines available devices on your local network.

In order to be decentralized you need to have a way to locate other peers. This can be done proactively by scanning the network (time consuming) or by having some means of the clients announcing that they are available. 

The announcements can be simple UDP packets that get broadcast every so often to the subnet which other peers listen for. Another mechanism is broadcasting to IIRC channels (most common for command and control of botnets), etc. You might even use twitter or similar services. Use your imagination here.

Firewalls don't really play a part because they almost always leave open a few ports, such as 80 (http). Obviously you couldn't browse the network if that was closed. Now if the firewall is configured to only allow connections that originated from internal clients, then you'd have a little more work to do. But not much.

NATs are also not a concern for similiar issues.

blocks|key|1096820|text|会话信使似乎已经用一个真正去中心化的p2p信使解决了这个问题，它使用了一个受激励的混合网络来中继和存储消息。它是信号信使的一个分支，添加了一个混合网络。https://getsession.org+--白皮书：https://getsession.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Session-Whitepaper.pdf|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|1096821|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|https://getsession.org/|1|https://getsession.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Session-Whitepaper.pdf^0|24|M|0|2X|20|1|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|N|8|@]|9|@$A|O|B|P|1|Q]|$A|R|B|S|1|T]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|-4|5|6|7|U|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|E|$F|$5|G|H|I|C|$J|K]]|L|$5|G|H|I|C|$J|M]]]]

The session messenger seem to have solved the issue with a truly decentralized p2p messenger by using a incentivized mixnet to relay and store messages. Its a fork of the Signal messenger with a mixnet added in. <a href="https://getsession.org" rel="nofollow noreferrer">https://getsession.org</a> -- whitepaper: <a href="https://getsession.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Session-Whitepaper.pdf" rel="nofollow noreferrer">https://getsession.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Session-Whitepaper.pdf</a>

I’m looking at creating a P2P system. During initial research, I’m reading from Peer-to-Peer – Harnessing the Power of Disruptive Technologies. That book states “a fully decentralized approach to instant messaging would not work on today's Internet.” Mostly blaming firewalls and NATs. The copyright is 2001. Is this information old or still correct?

Fully Decentralized P2P?

翻译质量差，导致语言生硬或混乱。

没有提供实际的解决方法或示例。

解答不清晰，无法理解或解决问题。

页面排版不美观，阅读体验差。

文章

问答

视频

学习中心

腾讯云实验室

直播

竞赛

腾讯云代码分析专区

腾讯iOA零信任安全管理系统专区

腾讯云架构师技术同盟交流圈

腾讯云数据库专区

腾讯云顾问专区

腾讯云原生专区

腾讯混元专区

腾讯云TCE专区

腾讯云Lighthouse专区

腾讯云HAI专区

腾讯云Edgeone专区

腾讯云存储专区

腾讯云智能专区

腾讯轻联专区 

腾讯云开发专区

TAPD专区

腾讯轻量云游戏服专区

腾讯云最具价值专家

腾讯云架构师技术同盟

腾讯云创作之星

腾讯云开发者先锋

腾讯云代码助手

云原生构建

TAPD 敏捷项目管理

Cloud Studio

SDK中心

API中心

命令行工具

涵盖代码开发、场景应用、自动测试全流程，助你从零构建专属AI助手

一站式MCP教程库，解锁AI应用新玩法

我正在考虑创建一个P2P系统。在最初的研究中，我正在阅读Peer-to-Peer --驾驭颠覆性技术的力量。这本书说：“一种完全去中心化的即时消息传递方法在今天的互联网上是行不通的。”主要归咎于防火墙和NAT。版权是2001年。这些信息是旧的还是仍然正确的？

问完全去中心化的P2P？
EN

Stack Overflow用户

社区

活动

圈层

关于

腾讯云开发者

热门产品

热门推荐

更多推荐

问完全去中心化的P2P？EN