区块链应该由什么来控制？

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本文原文内容链接来自于https://medium.com/@brendanblumer/who-should-control-a-blockchain-306f4fec2395，作者Brendan Blumer，由本号“EOS技术爱好者”翻译。

Who Should Control A Blockchain?

区块链应该由什么来控制?

Recently the topic of voting and control has been discussed by multiple blockchain projects.

EOS, Ethereum, Bitcoin, and others all agree that blockchains must be controlled by voting,but who should do the voting?

最近有几个区块链项目讨论关于投票和控制的话题。

EOS、以太坊、比特币和其他项目都认为区块链的控制权必须通过投票来实现。但应该由谁来投票呢?

Token Holders

This model adopted by EOS is straight forward and creates 100% alignment and accountability for the voters and voting outcomes respectively; this is the most successful and widely used voting model throughout the world today, in and out of technology.

By combining a Constitution with Token Holder Voting, EOS defines the scope of the miners to a degree that manages everyone’s expectations equally and restores control of the networkto those affected by the decision making.

代币持有者

EOS采用直接了当的方式为选民和投票结果分别确保了100%的一致性和问责制；在技术方面，这是目前世界上最成功、使用最广泛的投票模式。

结合宪法与代币持有人的投票，EOS在一定程度上定义了矿工的权利范围，来平等管理每个人的预期，并将网络的控制权交给受决策影响的人。

Not the Token Holders

If you don’t allow token holders to vote, it means someone else is voting for them.

This model splits the beneficiaries and the decision makers and results in outcomes that may not be in the best interest of the token holders. This structure is analogous to U.K. citizens voting on behalf of US citizens for government; a connection can be argued, but they are not the direct beneficiaries of the outcome. This is how both Bitcoin and Ethereum are structured today.

非代币持有者

如果你不允许代币持有者投票，就意味着其他人为他们投票。

这种模式将受益人和决策者分开，结果可能不符合代币持有者的最大利益。这种结构类似于英国公民代表美国公民投票给政府；某种程度上来看这是一种连接，但他们并不是投票结果的直接受益者。这就是目前比特币和以太坊的结构。

Proof of work voting has shown to quickly centralize; both hardware and electricity are cheaper in bulk which results in controlling mining pools; this creates an oligarchy that has little to no accountability for their actions and are not directly affected by their decisions.

The following examples have taught us the dangers of having others vote on our behalf:

工作量证明的投票方式容易很快形成中心化状态；大量购买硬件和电力相比之下会比较便宜，这就导致了对矿池的控制；寡头就这么产生了，几乎没有办法对他们的行为问责，也不能约束他们的决策。

以下例子让我们知道别人替我们投票的危险:

Bitcoin Scaling — From 2015–2017 block producers refused to increase the block size limited while the network was at capacity, so that higher transaction fees could be charged.

比特币扩容—从2015年到2017年，为了保持收取较高的交易费用，矿工拒绝在网络容量有限的情况下增加区块规模。

Ethereum and The DAO — Dominant mining pools isolated the information and decision making to a few. The lack of transparency or public framework for making such decisions gave inequitable trading opportunities to decision makers with little to no exposure to ramifications of their decisions; this taught us that code was not law, but the pool operators/voters were.

以太坊的DAO事件— 信息和决策权被分配到少数几个占主导地位的矿池。缺乏透明度或公共框架的情况下作出这样的决定，让决策者有机会进行不公平的交易，并几乎不会曝光；这告诉我们，代码不是法律，但矿池操作者和投票者是。

Taxation without Representation — in the 1750’s the British government began taxing American colonies without allowing them to vote in parliament. This ultimately led to the American revolution and the creation of the U.S.A.

没有代表权的税收——1750年，英国政府开始对美国殖民地征税，但美国人民在议会上没有投票权。这最终导致了美国的革命和诞生。

Voting Cartels

All Blockchains are susceptible to large influencers, regardless of the voting model. Token Holder voting models however are far more resilient than Miner/Non Token Holder Voting Models.

Token Holder Voting subjects the Cartels to the outcome of the vote. Their tokens are also affected by the perceived healthiness of the network due to the size of their stake.

投票中的Cartel

不管投票模式如何，所有的区块链都容易受到大庄家的影响。然而，代币持有者投票模式比矿场主和非代币持有者投票模式适应性更强。

代币持有人投票使 Cartel这些巨头被选出。他们的代币也因其所持权益的大小而影响到网络的健康程度。

Cartel网络解释，即垄断者、巨头

In models where voting power is given to other parties, Cartels become unable to be impeded and quickly consume the decision making of the network in such a way that does not hold them accountable for, or affect them by their decisions; Bitcoin and Ethereum have shown this unintended outcome.

在将投票权交给其他政党的模式中， Cartel还是存在的，并很快利用网络作出决策，做到不被问责也不影响决定的程度；比特币和以太坊已经展示了这一意想不到的结果。

Healthy Debate

We encourage an open healthy debate on this issue and will continue to leverage good ideas from the ecosystem no matter where they come from.

意见交流

我们鼓励在这一问题上展开一场公开的良性辩论，并将继续利用来自社区的好建议，无论它们来自哪里。

本号翻译转述，

文中观点不代表本号任何立场

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本文原文内容链接来自于https://medium.com/@brendanblumer/who-should-control-a-blockchain-306f4fec2395，作者Brendan Blumer，由Fred、Lochaiching翻译。转载请参照本文文首说明。

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