大数据背景下的中国特色智慧城市：理念、行动和风险

文章发表于JCLP期刊Volume 173, 1 February 2018, Pages 60-66

链接：https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.01.047

文章导读

中国在快速城市化过程中受到各种城市问题的挑战，包括农村土地不合理地转变为城市土地、大量失地农民成为贫困群体、城乡冲突、环境污染、交通堵塞和频繁的公共安全事件等。同时，城市化导致城乡之间存在巨大的经济差异，从而对二氧化碳排放产生了重大影响。换句话说，更高的城市化率、能源碳排放系数和能源强度将导致碳排放量增加。因此，面对日益加剧的城市环境问题，创新和改善清洁生产至关重要。智能城市被提出作为一种新的方式，可以基于大数据的收集、存储和分析有效地整合各种资源，通过这种方式可以实现资源分配的优化，并且可以有效地减少二氧化碳排放。

文章摘要

改革开放以来，中国城市化对世界产生了巨大影响。然而，在城市的管理和发展过程中也出现了诸多的城市问题，如环境污染，资源短缺和交通拥堵等，且这些问题越来越严重。智慧城市这一概念作为实现更好的城市管理的有效途径而提出，旨在通过人类智慧和信息通信技术（ICT）的紧密结合，实现市政服务、商业、交通、水、能源和其他城市子系统的整合。信息的链接和协同作用最终可以通过ICT建立，例如互联网、物联网、云计算。然而，很少有研究系统地将智慧城市与中国的大数据联系起来。本文以大数据为背景，提出了具有中国特色智慧城市的发展框架，以及在实施智慧城市发展过程中的关键行动，包括城市基础设施的合理规划、长效机制的建立和完善、城市管理职能的有效履行等。同时，本文还研究了中国特色智慧城市发展所带来的风险，如信息安全、应急响应能力弱、核心技术自主研发能力差等。这项研究可以帮助中国地方政府系统地规划智能城市。

原文信息

original paper info

ABSTRACT

Chineseurbanizationhas generated great impacts on the world since the reform and opening up. However, urban problems, e.g.,environmental pollution, resources shortage, and traffic jam, have been more and more serious for urban management and development. Smart city has been put forward as an effective approach to achieve better urban management recently. Smart city aims to realize the integration of municipal service, business, transportation, water, energy source and other urban sub-systems through close combination of human wisdom and information communication techniques (ICTs). As a result, the link and synergy of information could be ultimately established with ICTs, e.g., internet, internet of things, cloud computing. Yet, few studies have been conducted to systematically link smart city with big data in China. This paper aims to put forward a development framework of smart city with Chinese characteristics against the background of big data. Key actions, including rational planning of city infrastructures, the establishment and improvement of long-acting mechanism, the effective performance of city managerial function, are proposed to realize the development idea. Meanwhile, this paper also investigates the risks embedded in development of smart city with Chinese characteristics, e.g., information safety, weak emergency responding capacity and poor independent research and development capacity of core technology. This study can facilitate Chinese local governments to systematically plan smart city before clinging the hot concept in a rush.

Keywords

Big data;Smart city;Chinese characteristics;Action and risk

本期编辑：米志付 | 王雪超

图文排版：解伟 | 杨雪莼