干货满满，李开复博士谈“AI如何与人类共存”

随着现代科技的突飞猛进，人工智能（Artificial Intelligence, 以下简称AI）越来越多地渗透到我们生活的方方面面，影响并改变着我们的生活。

所以，未来世界AI会取代人类吗？人类究竟该如何和AI共存呢？

李开复博士在TED演讲中对此进行了阐述：

重新审视人类价值观

面对AI，人类要重新审视自己的价值观。

李开复博士首先对自己价值观中的错误进行了坦白。1991年12月16日，李开复博士差点因工作原因而无法陪伴在待产妻子旁，见证女儿的出生。

Fortunately, my daughter was born at 11:30, sparing me from doing the unthinkable, and to this day, I am so sorry for letting my work ethnic take precedence over love for my family.

幸运的是，我的女儿在11:30出生了，这避免了我去做那些荒唐的事。直到今天，我都感到很抱歉，因为我一直把工作摆在家庭前面。

precedence['presɪd(ə)ns; prɪ'siːd(ə)ns]:优先；居先

AI重大发现---深度学习

Deep learning is a technology that can take a huge amount of data within one single domain and learn to predict or decide at superhuman accuracy.

深度学习是一种能利用海量数据，在单一领域中，学会做高度精确的预测或决策的技术。

domain[də(ʊ)'meɪn]:‍领域；域名；产业；地产

So deep learning has become the core in the era of AI discovery, and that's led by the US.

因此，深度学习已经成为人工智能发现时代的核心。美国在这一领域是领军者。

实践的时代

我们现在身处于实践的时代，被看重的是执行力、产品质量、速度和数据。

“996”

My example in the delivery room is nothing compared to how hard people work in China.

我在产房等候女儿出生的例子还远远比不上在中国辛勤工作的人们。

nothing compared to ... 比不上...

“竞争方式”

In Silicon Valley, entrepreneurs compete in a very gentlemanly fashion. But in the Chinese environment, it's truly a gladiatorial fight to the death.

在硅谷，企业家们的竞争方式很绅士。然而，中国的竞争环境简直就是一场不死不休的角斗士之战。

gladiatorial[ˌɡlædɪəˈtɔːrɪəl]：斗剑者的；格斗的

In such a brutal environment, entrepreneurs learn to grow very rapidly, learn to make their products better at lightning speed, and they learn to hone their business models until they're impregnable.

在如此残酷的竞争环境中，企业家们得以快速成长，学会如何雷厉风行地改进产品，学会如何完善商业模式，直至坚不可摧。

‍hone[həʊn]：‍磨炼，训练；提高〔技艺〕

impregnable[ɪm'pregnəb(ə)l]：坚不可摧的

“适应变化”

As a result, great Chinese products like Wechat and Weibo are arguably better than the equivalent products from Facebook and Twitter.

结果，像微信和微博这种优秀的中国产品可以说比脸书和推特等同类美国产品更好。

equivalent[ɪ'kwɪv(ə)l(ə)nt]：‍等价的，相等的；同意义的

And the Chinese market embraces this change and accelerated change and paradigm shifts. As an example, if any of you go to China, you will see it's almost cashless and credit card-less, because that thing that we all talk about, mobile payment has becom the reality in China.

中国市场欢迎这种变化，并进一步加快了变化和转型进程。比如说，如果你们任何人去中国，就会发现中国已成为无现金和无信用卡社会，因为我们都在讨论的移动支付在中国已实现。

paradigm['pærədaɪm]：模型；例子

The technology is used by 700 million people to pay each other, not just merchants, so it's peer to peer, and it's almost transaction-fee-free. And it's instantaneous.

已有7亿人使用这项技术进行交易，这不仅局限于商家，所以它是点对点的，而且几乎是无手续费的。它还是及时的。

instantaneous[,ɪnst(ə)n'teɪnɪəs]：瞬间的；即时的

AI超级大国-中国和美国

所以，随着美国引领“发现时代”，中国引领“实践时代”，我们正处于一个伟大的时代。两个超级大国的双联引擎正合作共进，驱动着我们人类从未见过的最为迅速的科技革命。

And this will bring enormous wealth, unprecedented wealth: 16 trillion dollars, according to PwC. It will also bring immense challenges in terms of potential job replacements.

这将会带来巨大的、前所未有的财富：据普华永道估计，到2030年，人工智能将全球GDP带来16万亿美元的增长。它也将在可能出现的失业再就业问题上带来巨大挑战。

Whereas in the industrial Age, it created more jobs because craftsman jobs were being decomposed into jobs in the assembly line, so more jobs were created. But AI completely replaces the individual jobs in the assembly line with robots. And it's not just in factories, but truckers, drivers, and even jobs like telesales, customer service, and hematologists as well as radiologists over the 15 years are going to be gradually replaced by artificial intelligence.

然而，在工业革命时代，它创造了更多工作，因为手工工匠的工作被分解成生产线上的各种工作，所以创造了更多工作。但是人工智能让流水线上的个体工作完全被机器人取代。这不仅发生在工厂里，而且货车司机、驾驶员、甚至于像是电话销售、客服、血液科和放射科医生的工作在未来的15年内都会慢慢被人工智能所取代。

decompose[diːkəm'pəʊz]：分解；使腐烂

And only the creative jobs are the ones that are protected, because AI can optimize but not create.

鉴于人工智能可以优化但无法创造，所以只有创造性工作才是有保障的工作。

AI时代下“工作的意义”

But what's more serious than the loss of jobs is the loss of meaning, because the work ethic in the Industrial Age has brainwashed us into thinking that work is the reason we exist, that defined the meaning of our lives.

然后，比失去工作更为严重的是意义的缺失。工业革命时代的工作伦理已把我们洗脑，让我们相信工作赋予我们存在的理由，工作赋予我们生活的意义。

brainwash['breɪnwɒʃ] ：对人洗脑；以宣传说服

And that obsession that I had with work ended abruptly a few years ago when I was diagnosed with fourth stage lymphoma.

我在几年前被确诊患上第四期淋巴瘤，因而对工作的沉迷就戛然而止了。

obsession[əb'seʃ(ə)n]：‍痴迷；困扰

lymphoma[lɪm'fəʊmə]：‍[肿瘤] 淋巴瘤

这帮我重新审视我的人生。知道我可能只剩下几个月的生命，这让我看清，把自我价值完全建立在工作强度和工作成就上是多么愚蠢。我生活中的优先级完全本末倒置。我疏于关心家庭。我父亲过世了，而我从来没机会告诉他我爱他。我母亲患上了痴呆症并从此认不出我了。我的孩子长大了。

在我化疗的过程中，我读了布朗妮·维尔的一本书，写的是人们濒临死亡时的心愿和遗憾。她发现，面临死亡时，没人遗憾自己工作的不够努力，他们只后悔自己没花更多的时间与所爱之人相伴相守，后悔没有传递自己的爱。

值得庆幸的是我现在的病情有所缓解。我搬到离母亲更近的住所，我妻子经常与我结伴旅行。当我的孩子们休假时，若他们不回家，我会去看他们。这种新的生活方式帮我认清爱对我来说是多么重要。向死而生改变了我的生活，而且让我重新审视，人工智能应该如何影响人类，如何与人类共存。

That really, AI is taking away a lot of routine jobs, but routine jobs are not what we're about. Why we exist is love. When we hold our newborn baby, love at first sight, or when we help someone in need, humans are uniquely able to give and receive love, and that's what differentiates us from AI.

确实，人工智能正淘汰很多重复性工作，但重复性工作不能代表我们人类。我们存在的原因是爱。当我们怀抱新生儿， 当我们与恋人一见钟情，当我们助人排难，唯独人类才能爱与被爱。爱使我们有别于人工智能。

‍differentiate[,dɪfə'renʃɪeɪt]：区分，区别

Depsite what science fiction may potray, I can responsibly tell you that AI has no love.

无论科幻电影如何演，我可以负责任地告诉你，人工智能没有爱。

When AlphaGo defeated the world champion Ke Jie, while Ke Jie was crying and loving the game of go, AlphaGo felt no hapiness from winning and certainly no desire to hug a loved one.

当阿尔法围棋击败围棋世界冠军柯洁时，柯洁哭了，这表明他很热爱围棋。阿尔法围棋获胜后丝毫没有任何喜悦的感觉，也不会渴望去拥抱一个心爱之人。

那我们如何在人工智能的时代里，将人类与AI区别开来？

AI will come and take away the routine jobs, and in due time, we will be thankful. AI will become great tolls for the creatives so that scientists, artists, musicians and writers can be even more creative. AI will work with humans as analytical tools that humans can wrap their warmth around for the high-compassion jobs.

人工智能将淘汰重复性工作。但与此同时，我们将感到欣慰。人工智能将成为创造者很好的工具，让科学家、艺术家、音乐家和作家们能够变得更有创造力。人工智能将通过作为人类的分析工具与人类合作，让人们可以将他们的温暖倾注于高同情性工作。

And we can always differentiate ourselves with the uniquely capable jobs that are both compassionate and creative using and leveraging our irreplaceable brains and hearts.

我们始终可以用需要独特能力才能完成的、富有同情心和创造力的工作将我们与人工智能区别开来，充分利用我们不可替代的头脑和内心。

So there you have it: a blueprint of coexistence for humans and AI.

所以这就有了：人类与人工智能共存的蓝图。

AI is serendipity. It is here to liberate us from routine jobs, and it is here to remind us what it is that makes us human.

人工智能的发展是机缘巧合。它的到来将我们从重复性工作中解放出来，它的到来也提醒我们人因何为人。

serendipity[,ser(ə)n'dɪpɪtɪ]：碰巧发现，机缘巧合

你对AI有什么看法呢？你目前从事或将来打算从事的工作会有被AI取代的风险吗？

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