监视数据库的用户登录和注销会话信息

■Keyword：

audit login logon logoff audit session

■正文：

可以使用数据库的审计功能，监视数据库用户的登录和注销信息。

具体为通过使用audit session 命令，无论连接是否成功都会被审计。

例：

SQL> audit session;

通过使用audit session whenever successful 命令，成功的连接会被审计。

例：

SQL> audit session whenever successful;

通过使用audit session whenever successful 命令，失败的连接会被审计。

例：

SQL> audit session whenever not successful;

取消审计

例：

SQL> noaudit session;

可以通过dba_priv_audit_opts视图查看设定的审计。

例：

SQL> select * from sys.dba_priv_audit_opts;

可以通过DBA_AUDIT_SESSION视图查看审计结果。

例：

SQL> select * from DBA_AUDIT_SESSION;

■执行例：

SQL> conn / as sysdba

Connected.

SQL> show parameter audit

NAME TYPE VALUE

----------------------------- ----------- ------------------------------

audit_file_dest string app/12.2.0.1/oracle/admin/orcl12201/adump

audit_sys_operations boolean TRUE

audit_syslog_level string

audit_trail string DB

unified_audit_sga_queue_size integer 1048576

SQL> select * from DBA_AUDIT_SESSION;

no rows selected

SQL> audit session;

Audit succeeded.

SQL> conn a/a;

ERROR:

ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied

Warning: You are no longer connected to ORACLE.

SQL> conn / as sysdba

Connected.

SQL> select OS_USERNAME,USERNAME,TIMESTAMP,LOGOFF_TIME,RETURNCODE from DBA_AUDIT_SESSION;

OS_USERNAME USERNAME TIMESTAMP LOGOFF_TI RETURNCODE

-------------------- -------------------- --------- --------- ----------

oracle A 11-SEP-18 1017

SQL> noaudit session;

Noaudit succeeded.

SQL> select OS_USERNAME,USERNAME,TIMESTAMP,LOGOFF_TIME,RETURNCODE from DBA_AUDIT_SESSION;

OS_USERNAME USERNAME TIMESTAMP LOGOFF_TI RETURNCODE

-------------------- -------------------- --------- --------- ----------

oracle A 11-SEP-18 1017

参考：

Home/Database/Oracle/Oracle Database/Release 18

Database Reference

https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/18/refrn/DBA_AUDIT_SESSION.html

>4.116 DBA_AUDIT_SESSION

https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/18/refrn/DBA_PRIV_AUDIT_OPTS.html

>5.248 DBA_PRIV_AUDIT_OPTS