动手实现一个迷你区块链

迷你区块链（ mini blockchain in python ）

项目演示：

Github 地址：

https://github.com/guanchao/mini_blockchain

一、介绍

该项目主要是通过实践的方法来加深学习和理解区块链的相关原理知识，覆盖区块链的所有核心功能：

网络节点通讯

挖矿

钱包

交易和验证

共识机制

链式结构

涉及的如下知识点：

密码学基础

数字证书

Merkle 树和 SPV 机制

Kademlia 算法、P2P 技术

区块链共识机制

比特币交易原理

区块链网络设计

参考我写的文章：

区块链学习指南: https://shuwoom.com/?p=916

二、项目组成

1、迷你区块链客户端

2、迷你区块链浏览器（独立）

三、使用方法

Step1：启动迷你区块链客户端（模拟 3 个节点）

测试 demo 中一共使用 3 个节点，大家可以根据需要自己调节。

python run.py -p 5000 &

python run.py -p 5001 &

python run.py -p 5002 &

Step2：模拟交易

执行：python simulation_test.py

模拟节点之间的交易行为，启动后大家可以看到有交易输出。

Step3：迷你区块链的 json api 接口调用

区块链客户端实现了 json api，可以直接通过 api 调用来获取各个节点之间的信息： （ 1 ）获取区块链高度

请求：

http://127.0.0.1:5001/height

返回：

{"code": 0, "value": 2}

（ 2 ）获取钱包余额

请求：

http://127.0.0.1:5001/balance?address=3Q7KKThJr5qcT7hM189AkVtqYLS8

返回：

{"address":"3Q7KKThJr5qcT7hM189AkVtqYLS8","balance":24}

（ 3 ）获取区块信息

请求：

http://127.0.0.1:5001/block_info?height=1

返回：

{"current_hash":"00003b4ff8851ab57625b8d6a432c9288659ce91f52a5b1854b37a34c07ffee8","difficulty":4,"index":,"merkleroot":"24b486df77c70ba076f92e1ccd078f8073d596c73a29baf0a8f3aea948a54815","nonce":7534,"previous_hash":"00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000","timestamp":1496518102,"transactions": [ {"amount":,"receivers": [ {"receiver":"23DvZ2MzRoGhQk4vSUDcVsvJDEVb","value":100} ],"senders": [],"timestamp":1496518102,"txid":"ab9d943d8c126189f80484a0c8ade846038797968bf90fd1ed9e88f2f46f54fa"} ] }

（ 4 ）创建一笔交易 请求： http://127.0.0.1:5000/transactions/new

{'amount':1,'sender':u'23DvZ2MzRoGhQk4vSUDcVsvJDEVb','receiver':u'2dgzLQJgWKhdt3ETnf3tFA9m4ZpK'}

返回：

{"message":"new transaction been created successfully!","current_transactions": [ {"timestamp":1538373019,"txouts": [ {"value":30,"scriptPubKey": ["OP_DUP","OP_HASH160","752f3a7934aa60d041250346e24b1d7a2886dbb0","OP_EQUALVERIFY","OP_CHECKSIG"] }, {"value":14,"scriptPubKey": ["OP_DUP","OP_HASH160","ac280f709f81ec4eca086f1abfd0f3bec8baf395","OP_EQUALVERIFY","OP_CHECKSIG"] } ],"txins": [ {"prev_tx_out_idx":1,"pubkey_hash":"ac280f709f81ec4eca086f1abfd0f3bec8baf395","prev_txid":"2f096e332b2371cd141d1f279c35fb820e3e5256c1a071c5a49636c2fcd9be3d","signature":"e751d626ef0c147455ef0487b85f108ba56be57575f5133341e5e638dc697f94"} ],"txid":"8851e30bd03cd81b396df1904a17a87b89a30092a92572f7a66fce7a25a634c4"}, {"timestamp":1538373058,"txouts": [ {"value":9,"scriptPubKey": ["OP_DUP","OP_HASH160","752f3a7934aa60d041250346e24b1d7a2886dbb0","OP_EQUALVERIFY","OP_CHECKSIG"] }, {"value":46,"scriptPubKey": ["OP_DUP","OP_HASH160","4a879c658a42fc162f8cb3c740a4e0c4b63e80de","OP_EQUALVERIFY","OP_CHECKSIG"] } ],"txins": [ {"prev_tx_out_idx":,"pubkey_hash":"4a879c658a42fc162f8cb3c740a4e0c4b63e80de","prev_txid":"2f096e332b2371cd141d1f279c35fb820e3e5256c1a071c5a49636c2fcd9be3d","signature":"0ff0b888d0dd468f1c6e37d1ab13d17f63747346dc0105b5e4974be71023079f"}, {"prev_tx_out_idx":,"pubkey_hash":"4a879c658a42fc162f8cb3c740a4e0c4b63e80de","prev_txid":"72fb55e194e4d7dc71ab020483c61737c6a5b2e2474480cac4187f0633961423","signature":"de72585b9c7c6a47d1adc2851244232581cc5f3e0a4633d754736677bdea0a57"}, {"prev_tx_out_idx":1,"pubkey_hash":"4a879c658a42fc162f8cb3c740a4e0c4b63e80de","prev_txid":"3bc92a17262ce2cc1fe7f34ef946fd10e0b9667f223b697bfaf520e5f443be11","signature":"2871832295c53372ee44d9950676cb4675506676a9dce04db54e48b72b40a2b1"} ],"txid":"252d4e493ff514e87f3c00d9adcb635aba5f7c3b7890b7ccc1e17d73c23d1bf4"}, {"timestamp":1538373093,"txouts": [ {"value":10,"scriptPubKey": ["OP_DUP","OP_HASH160","ac280f709f81ec4eca086f1abfd0f3bec8baf395","OP_EQUALVERIFY","OP_CHECKSIG"] }, {"value":36,"scriptPubKey": ["OP_DUP","OP_HASH160","4a879c658a42fc162f8cb3c740a4e0c4b63e80de","OP_EQUALVERIFY","OP_CHECKSIG"] } ],"txins": [ {"prev_tx_out_idx":1,"pubkey_hash":"4a879c658a42fc162f8cb3c740a4e0c4b63e80de","prev_txid":"252d4e493ff514e87f3c00d9adcb635aba5f7c3b7890b7ccc1e17d73c23d1bf4","signature":"fc33dea5c178d38c4d98623e7a0fe881b9c6268088788b34c81b4b49a1cbe385"} ],"txid":"31cabe8dd4c9b7b03b9159409bc1929acbcefe361099bad5839c17cce497af8e"}, {"timestamp":1538373570,"txouts": [ {"value":1,"scriptPubKey": ["OP_DUP","OP_HASH160","752f3a7934aa60d041250346e24b1d7a2886dbb0","OP_EQUALVERIFY","OP_CHECKSIG"] }, {"value":35,"scriptPubKey": ["OP_DUP","OP_HASH160","4a879c658a42fc162f8cb3c740a4e0c4b63e80de","OP_EQUALVERIFY","OP_CHECKSIG"] } ],"txins": [ {"prev_tx_out_idx":1,"pubkey_hash":"4a879c658a42fc162f8cb3c740a4e0c4b63e80de","prev_txid":"31cabe8dd4c9b7b03b9159409bc1929acbcefe361099bad5839c17cce497af8e","signature":"adf76d1f32fb122fe2551b3e3059d64d9d11787f58cea37ec8e7ff1b3b540dd7"} ],"txid":"5bc1e91e8156710706934ee109976a71bdbac04b0d83e081844decb2a4d6ed15"} ]}

Step4：迷你区块链浏览器

当然，如果不想用接口来查看去快练心性，可以通过区块链浏览器来查看，只需将 mini_blockchain 下的 browser 文件夹移到 nginx 的 www 目录下，打开如下网址即可： http://127.0.0.1/browser