有了Google Guice,这个问题便简单了,首先在你的maven项目里引入
<dependency>
<groupId>com.google.inject</groupId>
<artifactId>guice</artifactId>
<version>4.0</version>
</dependency>
官方文档里给出的例子又臭又长,我不使用官方的例子,下面我们来写个最简单的HelloWorld
import javax.inject.Singleton;
import com.google.inject.Guice;
import com.google.inject.Inject;
import com.google.inject.Injector;
@Singleton
class HelloPrinter {
public void print() {
System.out.println("Hello, World");
}
}
@Singleton
public class Sample {
@Inject
private HelloPrinter printer;
public void hello() {
printer.print();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Injector injector = Guice.createInjector();
Sample sample = injector.getInstance(Sample.class);
sample.hello();
}
}
我们使用Guice创建了一个注射器Injector,然后从Injector拿到你想要的对象就可以了,Guice会自动装配依赖树。Guice的启动速度是很快的,在一个大型应用中,Guice装配所有的模块决不会超过1s。Guice是一个非常干净的依赖注入框架,框架除了依赖注入功能之外,没有任何其它非相关模块功能。
Guice里最常用的两个注解就是@Singleton和@Inject,Singleton表示构建的对象是单例的,Inject表示被标注的字段将使用Guice自动注入。在一般的项目中这两个注解一般可以完成90%以上的装配工作。
Guice需要实例化对象,请确保相应被实例化的对象有默认构造器。
当某个接口有多个实现时,我们使用@ImplementedBy注解在接口定义上,指定接口的具体实现类
import javax.inject.Singleton;
import com.google.inject.Guice;
import com.google.inject.ImplementedBy;
import com.google.inject.Inject;
import com.google.inject.Injector;
@ImplementedBy(SimpleHelloPrinter.class)
interface IHelloPrinter {
void print();
}
@Singleton
class SimpleHelloPrinter implements IHelloPrinter {
public void print() {
System.out.println("Hello, Simple World");
}
}
@Singleton
class ComplexHelloPrinter implements IHelloPrinter {
public void print() {
System.out.println("Hello, Complex World");
}
}
@Singleton
public class Sample {
@Inject
private IHelloPrinter printer;
public void hello() {
printer.print();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Injector injector = Guice.createInjector();
Sample sample = injector.getInstance(Sample.class);
sample.hello();
}
}
如果我们不用Singleton标注,每次获取实例时,Guice会重新构造一个,这个会有反射构造器的性能损耗,在高性能场景下,请谨慎。
import com.google.inject.Guice;
import com.google.inject.Inject;
import com.google.inject.Injector;
class HelloPrinter {
private static int counter;
private int myCounter;
public HelloPrinter() {
myCounter = counter++;
}
public void print() {
System.out.printf("Hello, World %d\n", myCounter);
}
}
public class Sample {
@Inject
private HelloPrinter printer;
public void hello() {
printer.print();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Injector injector = Guice.createInjector();
Sample sample = injector.getInstance(Sample.class);
sample.hello();
sample = injector.getInstance(Sample.class);
sample.hello();
sample = injector.getInstance(Sample.class);
sample.hello();
sample = injector.getInstance(Sample.class);
sample.hello();
}
}
我们可以不使用@ImplementedBy注解,因为这样不优雅,谁会在定义接口的时候就能预知实现类的名称呢。我们可以使用Guice Module定义装配规则,它相当于Spring的XML文件,只不过它的装配规则都是使用代码定义的。你可能会辩解说代码定义怎么能比得上XML定义呢,其实Guice Module在一个大型项目中也是非常的简洁,一般只会占用几十行代码,Module里面配置的仅仅是特殊的专配规则。就规则的可读性而言,代码要比XML舒服的多。
import javax.inject.Singleton;
import com.google.inject.AbstractModule;
import com.google.inject.Guice;
import com.google.inject.Inject;
import com.google.inject.Injector;
interface IHelloPrinter {
void print();
}
@Singleton
class SimpleHelloPrinter implements IHelloPrinter {
public void print() {
System.out.println("Hello, Simple World");
}
}
@Singleton
class ComplexHelloPrinter implements IHelloPrinter {
public void print() {
System.out.println("Hello, Complex World");
}
}
class SampleModule extends AbstractModule {
@Override
protected void configure() {
bind(IHelloPrinter.class).to(SimpleHelloPrinter.class);
}
}
@Singleton
public class Sample {
@Inject
private IHelloPrinter printer;
public void hello() {
printer.print();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Injector injector = Guice.createInjector(new SampleModule());
Sample sample = injector.getInstance(Sample.class);
sample.hello();
}
}
我们还可以使用@Named名称指令来指定依赖注入实现
import javax.inject.Named;
import javax.inject.Singleton;
import com.google.inject.AbstractModule;
import com.google.inject.Guice;
import com.google.inject.Inject;
import com.google.inject.Injector;
import com.google.inject.name.Names;
interface IHelloPrinter {
void print();
}
@Singleton
class SimpleHelloPrinter implements IHelloPrinter {
public void print() {
System.out.println("Hello, Simple World");
}
}
@Singleton
class ComplexHelloPrinter implements IHelloPrinter {
public void print() {
System.out.println("Hello, Complex World");
}
}
class SampleModule extends AbstractModule {
@Override
protected void configure() {
bind(IHelloPrinter.class).annotatedWith(Names.named("simple")).to(SimpleHelloPrinter.class);
bind(IHelloPrinter.class).annotatedWith(Names.named("complex")).to(ComplexHelloPrinter.class);
}
}
@Singleton
public class Sample {
@Inject
@Named("simple")
private IHelloPrinter simplePrinter;
@Inject
@Named("complex")
private IHelloPrinter complexPrinter;
public void hello() {
simplePrinter.print();
complexPrinter.print();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Injector injector = Guice.createInjector(new SampleModule());
Sample sample = injector.getInstance(Sample.class);
sample.hello();
}
}
我们不使用字段注入,改用构造器注入,如果我们需要在构造器里做一些特别的初始化工作
import javax.inject.Named;
import javax.inject.Singleton;
import com.google.inject.AbstractModule;
import com.google.inject.Guice;
import com.google.inject.Inject;
import com.google.inject.Injector;
import com.google.inject.name.Names;
interface IHelloPrinter {
void print();
}
@Singleton
class SimpleHelloPrinter implements IHelloPrinter {
public void print() {
System.out.println("Hello, Simple World");
}
}
@Singleton
class ComplexHelloPrinter implements IHelloPrinter {
public void print() {
System.out.println("Hello, Complex World");
}
}
class SampleModule extends AbstractModule {
@Override
protected void configure() {
bind(IHelloPrinter.class).annotatedWith(Names.named("simple")).to(SimpleHelloPrinter.class);
bind(IHelloPrinter.class).annotatedWith(Names.named("complex")).to(ComplexHelloPrinter.class);
}
}
@Singleton
public class Sample {
@Named("simple")
private IHelloPrinter simplePrinter;
@Named("complex")
private IHelloPrinter complexPrinter;
@Inject
public Sample(@Named("simple") IHelloPrinter simplePrinter, @Named("complex") IHelloPrinter complexPrinter) {
this.simplePrinter = simplePrinter;
this.complexPrinter = complexPrinter;
}
public void hello() {
simplePrinter.print();
complexPrinter.print();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Injector injector = Guice.createInjector(new SampleModule());
Sample sample = injector.getInstance(Sample.class);
sample.hello();
}
}
还可以自动注入Set,Map容器,但是得首先加上扩展库
<dependency>
<groupId>com.google.inject.extensions</groupId>
<artifactId>guice-multibindings</artifactId>
<version>4.0</version>
</dependency>
注入Set
import java.util.Set;
import javax.inject.Inject;
import javax.inject.Singleton;
import com.google.inject.AbstractModule;
import com.google.inject.Guice;
import com.google.inject.Injector;
import com.google.inject.multibindings.Multibinder;
interface IHelloPrinter {
void print();
}
@Singleton
class SimpleHelloPrinter implements IHelloPrinter {
public void print() {
System.out.println("Hello, Simple World");
}
}
@Singleton
class ComplexHelloPrinter implements IHelloPrinter {
public void print() {
System.out.println("Hello, Complex World");
}
}
class SampleModule extends AbstractModule {
@Override
protected void configure() {
Multibinder<IHelloPrinter> printers = Multibinder.newSetBinder(binder(), IHelloPrinter.class);
printers.addBinding().to(SimpleHelloPrinter.class);
printers.addBinding().to(ComplexHelloPrinter.class);
}
}
@Singleton
public class Sample {
@Inject
private Set<IHelloPrinter> printers;
public void hello() {
for (IHelloPrinter printer : printers) {
printer.print();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Injector injector = Guice.createInjector(new SampleModule());
Sample sample = injector.getInstance(Sample.class);
sample.hello();
}
}
注入Map
import java.util.Map;
import javax.inject.Inject;
import javax.inject.Singleton;
import com.google.inject.AbstractModule;
import com.google.inject.Guice;
import com.google.inject.Injector;
import com.google.inject.multibindings.MapBinder;
interface IHelloPrinter {
void print();
}
@Singleton
class SimpleHelloPrinter implements IHelloPrinter {
public void print() {
System.out.println("Hello, Simple World");
}
}
@Singleton
class ComplexHelloPrinter implements IHelloPrinter {
public void print() {
System.out.println("Hello, Complex World");
}
}
class SampleModule extends AbstractModule {
@Override
protected void configure() {
MapBinder<String, IHelloPrinter> printers = MapBinder.newMapBinder(binder(), String.class, IHelloPrinter.class);
printers.addBinding("simple").to(SimpleHelloPrinter.class);
printers.addBinding("complex").to(ComplexHelloPrinter.class);
}
}
@Singleton
public class Sample {
@Inject
private Map<String, IHelloPrinter> printers;
public void hello() {
for (String name : printers.keySet()) {
printers.get(name).print();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Injector injector = Guice.createInjector(new SampleModule());
Sample sample = injector.getInstance(Sample.class);
sample.hello();
}
}
在全世界都沉迷于复杂的Spring框架时,Guice无疑是一股清流,在炎热的夏天,它就像一杯冰爽的橙汁,让人畅快不已。
以上内容还不够看,请移步官方文档https://github.com/google/guice/wiki/GettingStarted