iOS开发中的这些权限，你搞懂了吗？

写在前面

• APP开发避免不开系统权限的问题，如何在APP以更加友好的方式向用户展示系统权限，似乎也是开发过程中值得深思的一件事；
• 那如何提高APP获取iOS系统权限的通过率呢？有以下几种方式:1.在用户打开APP时就向用户请求权限；2.告知用户授权权限后能够获得好处之后，再向用户请求权限；3.在绝对必要的情况下才向用户请求权限，例如：用户访问照片库时请求访问系统相册权限；4.在展示系统权限的对话框前，先向用户显示自定义的对话框，若用户选择不允许，默认无操作，若用户选择允许，再展示系统对话框。
• 上述情况在开发过程中是经常遇到的，不同方式的选择会影响最后用户交互体验。这一点感悟正是源于上一周工作遇到的问题：适配iOS10，如何获取应用联网权限用以管理系统对话框的显示管理。当我把这个问题解决后，感觉有必要将常用的iOS系统权限做一个总结，以便后用。

权限分类

• 联网权限
• 相册权限
• 相机、麦克风权限
• 定位权限
• 推送权限
• 通讯录权限
• 日历、备忘录权限

联网权限

• 引入头文件 @import CoreTelephony;
• 应用启动后，检测应用中是否有联网权限 CTCellularData *cellularData = [[CTCellularData alloc]init]; cellularData.cellularDataRestrictionDidUpdateNotifier = ^(CTCellularDataRestrictedState state){ //获取联网状态 switch (state) { case kCTCellularDataRestricted: NSLog(@"Restricrted"); break; case kCTCellularDataNotRestricted: NSLog(@"Not Restricted"); break; case kCTCellularDataRestrictedStateUnknown: NSLog(@"Unknown"); break; default: break; }; };
• 查询应用是否有联网功能 CTCellularData *cellularData = [[CTCellularData alloc]init]; CTCellularDataRestrictedState state = cellularData.restrictedState; switch (state) { case kCTCellularDataRestricted: NSLog(@"Restricrted"); break; case kCTCellularDataNotRestricted: NSLog(@"Not Restricted"); break; case kCTCellularDataRestrictedStateUnknown: NSLog(@"Unknown"); break; default: break; }

相册权限--iOS 9.0之前

• 导入头文件@import AssetsLibrary;
• 检查是否有相册权限 ALAuthorizationStatus status = [ALAssetsLibrary authorizationStatus]; switch (status) { case ALAuthorizationStatusAuthorized: NSLog(@"Authorized"); break; case ALAuthorizationStatusDenied: NSLog(@"Denied"); break; case ALAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined: NSLog(@"not Determined"); break; case ALAuthorizationStatusRestricted: NSLog(@"Restricted"); break; default: break; }

相册权限--iOS 8.0之后

• 导入头文件@import Photos;
• 检查是否有相册权限 PHAuthorizationStatus photoAuthorStatus = [PHPhotoLibrary authorizationStatus]; switch (photoAuthorStatus) { case PHAuthorizationStatusAuthorized: NSLog(@"Authorized"); break; case PHAuthorizationStatusDenied: NSLog(@"Denied"); break; case PHAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined: NSLog(@"not Determined"); break; case PHAuthorizationStatusRestricted: NSLog(@"Restricted"); break; default: break; }

![Uploading 144446-b8aca7ba38c5f8c0_695906.png . . .]获取相册权限

   [PHPhotoLibrary requestAuthorization:^(PHAuthorizationStatus status) {
    if (status == PHAuthorizationStatusAuthorized) {
        NSLog(@"Authorized");
    }else{
        NSLog(@"Denied or Restricted");
    }
    }];

相机和麦克风权限

• 导入头文件@import AVFoundation;
• 检查是否有相机或麦克风权限 AVAuthorizationStatus AVstatus = [AVCaptureDevice authorizationStatusForMediaType:AVMediaTypeVideo];//相机权限 AVAuthorizationStatus AVstatus = [AVCaptureDevice authorizationStatusForMediaType:AVMediaTypeAudio];//麦克风权限 switch (AVstatus) { case AVAuthorizationStatusAuthorized: NSLog(@"Authorized"); break; case AVAuthorizationStatusDenied: NSLog(@"Denied"); break; case AVAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined: NSLog(@"not Determined"); break; case AVAuthorizationStatusRestricted: NSLog(@"Restricted"); break; default: break; }
• 获取相机或麦克风权限 [AVCaptureDevice requestAccessForMediaType:AVMediaTypeVideo completionHandler:^(BOOL granted) {//相机权限 if (granted) { NSLog(@"Authorized"); }else{ NSLog(@"Denied or Restricted"); } }]; [AVCaptureDevice requestAccessForMediaType:AVMediaTypeAudio completionHandler:^(BOOL granted) {//麦克风权限 if (granted) { NSLog(@"Authorized"); }else{ NSLog(@"Denied or Restricted"); } }];

定位权限

• 导入头文件@import CoreLocation;
• 由于iOS8.0之后定位方法的改变，需要在info.plist中进行配置；

配置文件

• 检查是否有定位权限 BOOL isLocation = [CLLocationManager locationServicesEnabled]; if (!isLocation) { NSLog(@"not turn on the location"); } CLAuthorizationStatus CLstatus = [CLLocationManager authorizationStatus]; switch (CLstatus) { case kCLAuthorizationStatusAuthorizedAlways: NSLog(@"Always Authorized"); break; case kCLAuthorizationStatusAuthorizedWhenInUse: NSLog(@"AuthorizedWhenInUse"); break; case kCLAuthorizationStatusDenied: NSLog(@"Denied"); break; case kCLAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined: NSLog(@"not Determined"); break; case kCLAuthorizationStatusRestricted: NSLog(@"Restricted"); break; default: break; }
• 获取定位权限 CLLocationManager *manager = [[CLLocationManager alloc] init]; [manager requestAlwaysAuthorization];//一直获取定位信息 [manager requestWhenInUseAuthorization];//使用的时候获取定位信息
• 在代理方法中查看权限是否改变 - (void)locationManager:(CLLocationManager *)manager didChangeAuthorizationStatus:(CLAuthorizationStatus)status{ switch (status) { case kCLAuthorizationStatusAuthorizedAlways: NSLog(@"Always Authorized"); break; case kCLAuthorizationStatusAuthorizedWhenInUse: NSLog(@"AuthorizedWhenInUse"); break; case kCLAuthorizationStatusDenied: NSLog(@"Denied"); break; case kCLAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined: NSLog(@"not Determined"); break; case kCLAuthorizationStatusRestricted: NSLog(@"Restricted"); break; default: break; } }

推送权限

• 检查是否有通讯权限 UIUserNotificationSettings *settings = [[UIApplication sharedApplication] currentUserNotificationSettings]; switch (settings.types) { case UIUserNotificationTypeNone: NSLog(@"None"); break; case UIUserNotificationTypeAlert: NSLog(@"Alert Notification"); break; case UIUserNotificationTypeBadge: NSLog(@"Badge Notification"); break; case UIUserNotificationTypeSound: NSLog(@"sound Notification'"); break; default: break; }
• 获取推送权限 UIUserNotificationSettings *setting = [UIUserNotificationSettings settingsForTypes:UIUserNotificationTypeSound | UIUserNotificationTypeAlert | UIUserNotificationTypeBadge categories:nil]; [[UIApplication sharedApplication] registerUserNotificationSettings:setting];

通讯录权限

iOS9.0之前

• 导入头文件 @import AddressBook;
• 检查是否有通讯录权限 ABAuthorizationStatus ABstatus = ABAddressBookGetAuthorizationStatus(); switch (ABstatus) { case kABAuthorizationStatusAuthorized: NSLog(@"Authorized"); break; case kABAuthorizationStatusDenied: NSLog(@"Denied'"); break; case kABAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined: NSLog(@"not Determined"); break; case kABAuthorizationStatusRestricted: NSLog(@"Restricted"); break; default: break; }
• 获取通讯录权限 ABAddressBookRef addressBook = ABAddressBookCreateWithOptions(NULL, NULL); ABAddressBookRequestAccessWithCompletion(addressBook, ^(bool granted, CFErrorRef error) { if (granted) { NSLog(@"Authorized"); CFRelease(addressBook); }else{ NSLog(@"Denied or Restricted"); } });

iOS9.0及以后

• 导入头文件 @import Contacts;
• 检查是否有通讯录权限

CNAuthorizationStatus status = [CNContactStore authorizationStatusForEntityType:CNEntityTypeContacts];
  switch (status) {
        case CNAuthorizationStatusAuthorized:
        {
            NSLog(@"Authorized:");
        }
            break;
        case CNAuthorizationStatusDenied:{
            NSLog(@"Denied");
        }
            break;
        case CNAuthorizationStatusRestricted:{
            NSLog(@"Restricted");
        }
            break;
        case CNAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined:{
             NSLog(@"NotDetermined");
        }
            break;
            
       }

• 获取通讯录权限

CNContactStore *contactStore = [[CNContactStore alloc] init];
    [contactStore requestAccessForEntityType:CNEntityTypeContacts completionHandler:^(BOOL granted, NSError * _Nullable error) {
        if (granted) {
            
           NSLog(@"Authorized");
            
        }else{
            
           NSLog(@"Denied or Restricted");
        }
    }];

日历、备忘录权限

• 导入头文件
• 检查是否有日历或者备忘录权限 typedef NS_ENUM(NSUInteger, EKEntityType) { EKEntityTypeEvent,//日历 EKEntityTypeReminder //备忘 };
• EKAuthorizationStatus EKstatus = [EKEventStore authorizationStatusForEntityType:EKEntityTypeEvent]; switch (EKstatus) { case EKAuthorizationStatusAuthorized: NSLog(@"Authorized"); break; case EKAuthorizationStatusDenied: NSLog(@"Denied'"); break; case EKAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined: NSLog(@"not Determined"); break; case EKAuthorizationStatusRestricted: NSLog(@"Restricted"); break; default: break; }
• 获取日历或备忘录权限 EKEventStore *store = [[EKEventStore alloc]init]; [store requestAccessToEntityType:EKEntityTypeEvent completion:^(BOOL granted, NSError * _Nullable error) { if (granted) { NSLog(@"Authorized"); }else{ NSLog(@"Denied or Restricted"); } }];

最后一点

• 素有获取权限的方法，多用于用户第一次操作应用，iOS 8.0之后，将这些设置都整合在一起，并且可以开启或关闭相应的权限。所有的权限都可以通过下面的方法打开： [[UIApplication sharedApplication] openURL:[NSURL URLWithString:UIApplicationOpenSettingsURLString]];

上述的权限多为经常用到的权限，当然不会很全面，大家如有需要其他的权限，可以在下方评论，我会及时加上去的。 希望这篇文章能够给大家的开发带来一些便利。

更新记录：2016.9.22添加iOS9.0以后访问通讯录权限；