iOS weak的实现原理

//初始化weak表
/** 
 * Initialize a fresh weak pointer to some object location. 
 * It would be used for code like: 
 *
 * (The nil case) 
 * __weak id weakPtr;
 * (The non-nil case) 
 * NSObject *o = ...;
 * __weak id weakPtr = o;
 * 
 * @param addr Address of __weak ptr. 
 * @param val Object ptr. 
 */
id objc_initWeak(id *addr, id val)
{
    *addr = 0;
    if (!val) return nil;
    return objc_storeWeak(addr, val); // 存储weak对象
}

/** 
 * This function stores a new value into a __weak variable. It would
 * be used anywhere a __weak variable is the target of an assignment.
 * 
 * @param location The address of the weak pointer itself
 * @param newObj The new object this weak ptr should now point to
 * 
 * @return \e newObj
 */
id
objc_storeWeak(id *location, id newObj)
{
    id oldObj;
    SideTable *oldTable;
    SideTable *newTable;
    spinlock_t *lock1;
#if SIDE_TABLE_STRIPE > 1
    spinlock_t *lock2;
#endif

    // Acquire locks for old and new values.
    // Order by lock address to prevent lock ordering problems. 
    // Retry if the old value changes underneath us.
 retry:
    oldObj = *location;
    
    oldTable = SideTable::tableForPointer(oldObj);
    newTable = SideTable::tableForPointer(newObj);
    
    lock1 = &newTable->slock;
#if SIDE_TABLE_STRIPE > 1
    lock2 = &oldTable->slock;
    if (lock1 > lock2) {
        spinlock_t *temp = lock1;
        lock1 = lock2;
        lock2 = temp;
    }
    if (lock1 != lock2) spinlock_lock(lock2);
#endif
    spinlock_lock(lock1);

    if (*location != oldObj) {
        spinlock_unlock(lock1);
#if SIDE_TABLE_STRIPE > 1
        if (lock1 != lock2) spinlock_unlock(lock2);
#endif
        goto retry;
    }

    weak_unregister_no_lock(&oldTable->weak_table, oldObj, location);
    newObj = weak_register_no_lock(&newTable->weak_table, newObj, location);
    // weak_register_no_lock returns nil if weak store should be rejected

    // Set is-weakly-referenced bit in refcount table.
    if (newObj  &&  !newObj->isTaggedPointer()) {
        newObj->setWeaklyReferenced_nolock();
    }

    // Do not set *location anywhere else. That would introduce a race.
    *location = newObj;
    
    spinlock_unlock(lock1);
#if SIDE_TABLE_STRIPE > 1
    if (lock1 != lock2) spinlock_unlock(lock2);
#endif

    return newObj;
}

void objc_clear_deallocating(id obj) 
{
    assert(obj);
    assert(!UseGC);
    if (obj->isTaggedPointer()) return;
    obj->clearDeallocating();
}

//执行 clearDeallocating方法
inline void objc_object::clearDeallocating()
{
    sidetable_clearDeallocating();
}
// 执行sidetable_clearDeallocating，找到weak表中的value值
void  objc_object::sidetable_clearDeallocating()
{
    SideTable *table = SideTable::tableForPointer(this);
    // clear any weak table items
    // clear extra retain count and deallocating bit
    // (fixme warn or abort if extra retain count == 0 ?)
    spinlock_lock(&table->slock);
    RefcountMap::iterator it = table->refcnts.find(this);
    if (it != table->refcnts.end()) {
        if (it->second & SIDE_TABLE_WEAKLY_REFERENCED) {
            weak_clear_no_lock(&table->weak_table, (id)this);
        }
        table->refcnts.erase(it);
    }
    spinlock_unlock(&table->slock);
}

/** 
 * Called by dealloc; nils out all weak pointers that point to the 
 * provided object so that they can no longer be used.
 * 
 * @param weak_table 
 * @param referent The object being deallocated. 
 */
void 
weak_clear_no_lock(weak_table_t *weak_table, id referent_id) 
{
    objc_object *referent = (objc_object *)referent_id;

    weak_entry_t *entry = weak_entry_for_referent(weak_table, referent);
    if (entry == nil) {
        /// XXX shouldn't happen, but does with mismatched CF/objc
        //printf("XXX no entry for clear deallocating %p\n", referent);
        return;
    }

    // zero out references
    weak_referrer_t *referrers;
    size_t count;
    
    if (entry->out_of_line) {
        referrers = entry->referrers;
        count = TABLE_SIZE(entry);
    } 
    else {
        referrers = entry->inline_referrers;
        count = WEAK_INLINE_COUNT;
    }
    
    for (size_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
        objc_object **referrer = referrers[i];
        if (referrer) {
            if (*referrer == referent) {
                *referrer = nil;
            }
            else if (*referrer) {
                _objc_inform("__weak variable at %p holds %p instead of %p. "
                             "This is probably incorrect use of "
                             "objc_storeWeak() and objc_loadWeak(). "
                             "Break on objc_weak_error to debug.\n", 
                             referrer, (void*)*referrer, (void*)referent);
                objc_weak_error();
            }
        }
    }
    
    weak_entry_remove(weak_table, entry);
}