Python 学习入门（10）—— 时间
Python格式化日期时间的函数为datetime.datetime.strftime()；由字符串转为日期型的函数为：datetime.datetime.strptime()，两个函数都涉及日期时间的格式化字符串，列举如下： %a Abbreviated weekday name %A Full weekday name %b Abbreviated month name %B Full month name %c Date and time representation appropriate for locale %d Day of month as decimal number (01 - 31) %H Hour in 24-hour format (00 - 23) %I Hour in 12-hour format (01 - 12) %j Day of year as decimal number (001 - 366) %m Month as decimal number (01 - 12) %M Minute as decimal number (00 - 59) %p Current locale's A.M./P.M. indicator for 12-hour clock %S Second as decimal number (00 - 59) %U Week of year as decimal number, with Sunday as first day of week (00 - 51) %w Weekday as decimal number (0 - 6; Sunday is 0) %W Week of year as decimal number, with Monday as first day of week (00 - 51) %x Date representation for current locale %X Time representation for current locale %y Year without century, as decimal number (00 - 99) %Y Year with century, as decimal number %z, %Z Time-zone name or abbreviation; no characters if time zone is unknown %% Percent sign
示例：
#!/usr/bin/python
# it-homer in 2013
import sys
reload(sys)
sys.setdefaultencoding("utf-8")
import datetime
def format_time():
t = datetime.datetime.now()
print(t) # 2013-11-20 09:36:51.198680
t = datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
print(t) # 2013-11-20 09:39:16
t = datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%b-%d-%y %H:%M:%S')
print(t) # Nov-20-13 09:36:51
t = datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%b-%d-%Y %H:%M:%S')
print(t) # Nov-20-2013 09:36:51
# weekday
t = datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%a %A %U %W %w')
print(t) # Wed Wednesday 46 46 3
# month
t = datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%b %B')
print(t) # Nov November
# day
t = datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%d %j')
print(t) # 20 324
# date and time for locale
t = datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%c')
print(t) # Wed Nov 20 10:15:49 2013
# hour
t = datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%H %l')
print(t) # 10 10
# A.M/P.M
t = datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%p')
print(t) # AM
t = datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%x')
print(t) # 11/20/13
t = datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%X')
print(t) # 10:23:36
t = datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%x %X')
print(t) # 11/20/13 10:24:47
t = datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%z')
print(t) #
t = datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%Z')
print(t) #
# 字符串转换成datetime
t = datetime.datetime.strptime('Nov-20-13 09:42', '%b-%d-%y %H:%M')
print(t) # 2013-11-20 09:42:00
t = datetime.datetime(2013, 11, 20, 9, 42)
print(t) # 2013-11-20 09:42:00
# datetime转换成字符串
t = datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%b-%d-%y %H:%M:%S')
print(t) # Nov-20-13 10:26:40
if __name__ == "__main__":
format_time()运行结果：
2013-11-20 10:29:26.456640 2013-11-20 10:29:26 Nov-20-13 10:29:26 Nov-20-2013 10:29:26 Wed Wednesday 46 46 3 Nov November 20 324 Wed Nov 20 10:29:26 2013 10 10 AM 11/20/13 10:29:26 11/20/13 10:29:26 2013-11-20 09:42:00 2013-11-20 09:42:00 Nov-20-13 10:29:26
timestamp <--> datetime
def main():
createtime = int(time.time()) # createtime = 1393316647
basefname2 = datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(createtime).strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
print("timestamp -> datetime: %d : %s" % (createtime, basefname2))
nowtime = datetime.datetime.now()
future = nowtime + datetime.timedelta(minutes = 5)
print("datetime add: %s : %s" % (nowtime, future))
ts = time.mktime(future.timetuple())
print("datetime -> timestamp: %s : %d" % (future, ts))运行结果： timestamp -> datetime: 1393317675 : 2014-02-25 16:41:15 datetime add: 2014-02-25 16:41:15.900701 : 2014-02-25 16:46:15.900701 datetime -> timestamp: 2014-02-25 16:46:15.900701 : 1393317975
timestamp 转 datetime
"createtime":1389151309
basefname2 = datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(createtime).strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
结果：
"createtime2":"2014-01-08 11:21:49"
参考： stackoverflow，
完整示例：
def convet_cdate(ctime):
cday = 0
chour = 0
cminite = 0
csecond = 0
# ctime = '15秒前'
# ctime = '10分钟前'
# ctime = '2小时14分钟前'
# ctime = '1天24分钟前'
# ctime = '1天10小时24分钟前'
# ctime = '1天10小时24分钟15秒前'
ctime = '29分钟前'
# ctime = '23小时46分钟前'
if '天' in ctime:
cday = int(ctime.split('天')[0])
ctime = ctime.split('天')[1]
if '小时' in ctime:
chour = int(ctime.split('小时')[0])
ctime = ctime.split('小时')[1]
if '分钟' in ctime:
cminite = int(ctime.split('分钟')[0])
ctime = ctime.split('分钟')[1]
if '秒' in ctime:
csecond = int(ctime.split('秒')[0])
elapse_time = cday * 24 * 3600 + chour * 3600 + cminite * 60 + csecond
print("cday: " + str(cday) + "; chour: " + str(chour) + ", cminite: " + str(cminite) + "; csecond: " + str(csecond))
print("elapse_time: " + str(elapse_time))
ctime_now = int(time.time())
print("ctime_now: " + str(ctime_now))
print("elapse_now: " + str(ctime_now - elapse_time))
# timestamp -> datetime
result = datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(ctime_now - elapse_time).strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
print("result: " + str(result))腾讯云开发者
