统一异常处理这样剖析，安否？

@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
public final class BusinessException extends RuntimeException {

    private String errorCode;

    private String errorMsg;
    
}

public static <T> CommonResult<T> errorResult(String errorCode, String errorMsg){
    CommonResult<T> commonResult = new CommonResult<>();
    commonResult.errorCode = errorCode;
    commonResult.errorMsg = errorMsg;
    commonResult.status = -1;
    return commonResult;
}

@RestControllerAdvice("com.example.unifiedreturn.api")
static class UnifiedExceptionHandler{

    @ExceptionHandler(BusinessException.class)
    public CommonResult<Void> handleBusinessException(BusinessException be){
        return CommonResult.errorResult(be.getErrorCode(), be.getErrorMsg());
    }
}

@GetMapping("/{id}")
public UserVo getUserById(@PathVariable Long id){
    throw new BusinessException("1001", "根据ID查询用户异常");
}

@Service
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {

    /**
     * 根据用户ID查询用户
     *
     * @param id
     * @return
     */
    @Override
    public UserVo getUserById(Long id) {
        throw new BusinessException("1001", "根据ID查询用户异常");
    }
}

@Bean
public HandlerExceptionResolver handlerExceptionResolver() {
    List<HandlerExceptionResolver> exceptionResolvers = new ArrayList<>();
    configureHandlerExceptionResolvers(exceptionResolvers);
    if (exceptionResolvers.isEmpty()) {
        addDefaultHandlerExceptionResolvers(exceptionResolvers);
    }
    extendHandlerExceptionResolvers(exceptionResolvers);
    HandlerExceptionResolverComposite composite = new HandlerExceptionResolverComposite();
    composite.setOrder(0);
    composite.setExceptionResolvers(exceptionResolvers);
    return composite;
}

@Override
public void afterPropertiesSet() {
    // Do this first, it may add ResponseBodyAdvice beans
    initExceptionHandlerAdviceCache();
    ...
}

private void initExceptionHandlerAdviceCache() {
    if (getApplicationContext() == null) {
        return;
    }

    List<ControllerAdviceBean> adviceBeans = ControllerAdviceBean.findAnnotatedBeans(getApplicationContext());
    AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(adviceBeans);

    for (ControllerAdviceBean adviceBean : adviceBeans) {
        Class<?> beanType = adviceBean.getBeanType();
        if (beanType == null) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("Unresolvable type for ControllerAdviceBean: " + adviceBean);
        }
        // 重点看这个构造方法
        ExceptionHandlerMethodResolver resolver = new ExceptionHandlerMethodResolver(beanType);
        if (resolver.hasExceptionMappings()) {
            this.exceptionHandlerAdviceCache.put(adviceBean, resolver);
        }
        if (ResponseBodyAdvice.class.isAssignableFrom(beanType)) {
            this.responseBodyAdvice.add(adviceBean);
        }
    }
}

/**
 * A constructor that finds {@link ExceptionHandler} methods in the given type.
 * @param handlerType the type to introspect
 */
public ExceptionHandlerMethodResolver(Class<?> handlerType) {
    for (Method method : MethodIntrospector.selectMethods(handlerType, EXCEPTION_HANDLER_METHODS)) {
        for (Class<? extends Throwable> exceptionType : detectExceptionMappings(method)) {
            addExceptionMapping(exceptionType, method);
        }
    }
}


/**
 * Extract exception mappings from the {@code @ExceptionHandler} annotation first,
 * and then as a fallback from the method signature itself.
 */
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
private List<Class<? extends Throwable>> detectExceptionMappings(Method method) {
    List<Class<? extends Throwable>> result = new ArrayList<>();
    detectAnnotationExceptionMappings(method, result);
    if (result.isEmpty()) {
        for (Class<?> paramType : method.getParameterTypes()) {
            if (Throwable.class.isAssignableFrom(paramType)) {
                result.add((Class<? extends Throwable>) paramType);
            }
        }
    }
    if (result.isEmpty()) {
        throw new IllegalStateException("No exception types mapped to " + method);
    }
    return result;
}

private void detectAnnotationExceptionMappings(Method method, List<Class<? extends Throwable>> result) {
    ExceptionHandler ann = AnnotatedElementUtils.findMergedAnnotation(method, ExceptionHandler.class);
    Assert.state(ann != null, "No ExceptionHandler annotation");
    result.addAll(Arrays.asList(ann.value()));
}

protected void doDispatch(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
    ...

    try {
        ModelAndView mv = null;
        Exception dispatchException = null;

        try {
            ...
            // 当请求发生异常，该方法会通过 catch 捕获异常
            mv = ha.handle(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.getHandler());
        ...
            
        }
        catch (Exception ex) {
            dispatchException = ex;
        }
        catch (Throwable err) {
            // As of 4.3, we're processing Errors thrown from handler methods as well,
            // making them available for @ExceptionHandler methods and other scenarios.
            dispatchException = new NestedServletException("Handler dispatch failed", err);
        }
        // 调用该方法分析捕获的异常
        processDispatchResult(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, mv, dispatchException);
    }
    ...
}