07-Ansible循环

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小朋友呢

修改于 2020-01-14 17:50:47

4720

修改于 2020-01-14 17:50:47

文章被收录于专栏：小朋友学云计算小朋友学云计算

循环语句

列表迭代

展开列表

- hosts: all
  remote_user: root

  tasks:
  - name: install {{ item }}
	yum: name={{ item }} state=latest

	#安装下列所有包
    with_items:
    - mariadb-server
    - mariadb
    - php-fpm
    - httpd

改写方法1

with_items: [mariadb-server, mariadb, php-fpm, httpd]

改写方法2

with_items:
-	[mariadb-server, mariadb, php-fpm, httpd]

改写方法3

vars:
  users:
  - lala
  - yaya
  - haha
with_items: "{{ users }}"

不展开列表

[student@workstation ansible]$ cat loop.yml
- hosts: all
  gather_facts: no
  tasks:
  - debug:
     msg: "{{ item[0] }}"
    with_list: 
    - ["haha","lala","xixi"]
    - ["miemie","wawa","yoyo" ]

元素叠加

[student@workstation ansible]$ cat loop.yml
- hosts: servera
  gather_facts: no
  tasks:
  - debug:
     msg: "{{ item[0] }}-{{ item[1] }}"
    with_together
    - ["蓝","橙","红"]
    - ["颜色","精灵" ]

列表上下元素进行叠加

ok: [servera] => (item=[u'\u84dd', u'\u989c\u8272']) => {
    "item": [
        "蓝", 
        "颜色"
    ], 
    "msg": "蓝-颜色"
}
ok: [servera] => (item=[u'\u6a59', u'\u7cbe\u7075']) => {
    "item": [
        "橙", 
        "精灵"
    ], 
    "msg": "橙-精灵"
}
ok: [servera] => (item=[u'\u7ea2', None]) => {
    "item": [
        "红", 
        null
    ], 
    "msg": "红-"
}

笛卡尔积

[student@workstation ansible]$ cat loop.yml
- hosts: servera
  gather_facts: no
  tasks:
  - debug:
     msg: "{{ item[0] }}-{{ item[1] }}"
    with_nested: 
    - ["蓝","橙"]
    - ["颜色","精灵" ]

执行结果

ok: [servera] => (item=[u'\u84dd', u'\u989c\u8272']) => {
    "item": [
        "蓝", 
        "颜色"
    ], 
    "msg": "蓝-颜色"
}
ok: [servera] => (item=[u'\u6a59', u'\u7cbe\u7075']) => {
    "item": [
        "橙", 
        "精灵"
    ], 
    "msg": "橙-精灵"
}
ok: [servera] => (item=[u'\u6a59', u'\u989c\u8272']) => {
    "item": [
        "橙", 
        "颜色"
    ], 
    "msg": "橙-颜色"
}
ok: [servera] => (item=[u'\u84dd', u'\u7cbe\u7075']) => {
    "item": [
        "蓝", 
        "精灵"
    ], 
    "msg": "蓝-精灵"
}

索引

带索引的循环，item的第0个就是元素的索引,起始从0开始

[student@workstation ansible]$ cat loop.yml
- hosts: servera
  gather_facts: no
  tasks:
  - debug:
     msg: "{{ item[0] }}-{{ item[1] }}"
    with_indexed_items: 
    - ["卡卡","C罗","梅西"]

执行结果

ok: [servera] => (item=(0, u'\u5361\u5361')) => {
    "item": [
        0, 
        "卡卡"
    ], 
    "msg": "0-卡卡"
}
ok: [servera] => (item=(2, u'\u6885\u897f')) => {
    "item": [
        2, 
        "梅西"
    ], 
    "msg": "2-梅西"
}
ok: [servera] => (item=(1, u'C\u7f57')) => {
    "item": [
        1, 
        "C罗"
    ], 
    "msg": "1-C罗"
}

步长

与python中range一样,可以指定开始、结束、步长

[student@workstation ansible]$ cat loop.yml
- hosts: servera
  gather_facts: no
  tasks:
  - debug:
     msg: "{{ item }}"
    with_sequence: start=1 end=3 stride=1

执行结果

ok: [servera] => (item=1) => {
    "item": "1", 
    "msg": "1"
}
ok: [servera] => (item=3) => {
    "item": "3", 
    "msg": "3"
}
ok: [servera] => (item=2) => {
    "item": "2", 
    "msg": "2"
}

其它写法：

标准yaml写法

with_sequence: 
 start=1 
 end=3 
 stride=1

与上面等同

with_sequence: count=3

自定义起始结束步长

with_sequence: start=3 end=9 stride=3

倒数

with_sequence: start=6 end=2 stride=-1

保留2位小数

with_sequence: start=2 end=6 stride=2 format="number is %0.2f"

随机

[student@workstation ansible]$ cat loop.yml
- hosts: servera
  gather_facts: no
  tasks:
  - debug:
     msg: "{{ item }}"
    with_random_choice:
    - 123
    - 456
    - 789
    - 111
    - 222
    - 333

字典迭代

[student@workstation ansible]$ dic_iter.yaml
- hosts: myhosts
  remote_user: root
  tasks:
  - name: add some user
    user: name={{ item.name }} group= {{ item.group }} state=present
    with_items:
    - { name: 'shenqi1',group: 'wheel' }
    - { name: 'shenqi2',group: 'wheel' }
    - { name: 'shenqi3',group: 'wheel' }

变量迭代

[student@workstation ansible]$ var_iter.yaml
- hosts: all
  remote_user: root

  tasks:
  - name: loop
    block:
    - debug:
       msg: "{{ hostvars[item]['ansible_default_ipv4']['address'] }}"
      with_items: "{{ groups['all'] }}"

    - debug:
       msg: "{{ hostvars[item]['ansible_hostname']}}"
      with_items: "{{ groups['all'] }}"

    - debug:
       msg: "{{ hostvars[item]['ansible_fqdn']}}"
      with_items: "{{ groups['all'] }}"

文件迭代

文件内容

使用with_file查看文件的内容

- hosts: servera
  gather_facts: no
  tasks:
  - debug:
     msg: "{{ item }}"
    with_file:
    - /etc/issue	
    - /etc/hostname

执行查看结果

ok: [servera] => (item=\S
Kernel \r on an \m) => {
    "item": "\\S\nKernel \\r on an \\m", 
    "msg": "\\S\nKernel \\r on an \\m"
}
ok: [servera] => (item=workstation.lab.example.com) => {
    "item": "workstation.lab.example.com", 
    "msg": "workstation.lab.example.com"
}

目录列表

[student@workstation ansible]$ direc_iter.yaml
- hosts: servera
  gather_facts: no
  tasks:
  - debug:
     msg: "{{ item }}"
    with_fileglob:
    - /etc/host*

执行查看结果

ok: [servera] => (item=/etc/host.conf) => {
    "item": "/etc/host.conf", 
    "msg": "/etc/host.conf"
}
ok: [servera] => (item=/etc/hosts) => {
    "item": "/etc/hosts", 
    "msg": "/etc/hosts"
}
ok: [servera] => (item=/etc/hostname) => {
    "item": "/etc/hostname", 
    "msg": "/etc/hostname"
}
ok: [servera] => (item=/etc/hosts.deny) => {
    "item": "/etc/hosts.deny", 
    "msg": "/etc/hosts.deny"
}
ok: [servera] => (item=/etc/hosts.allow) => {
    "item": "/etc/hosts.allow", 
    "msg": "/etc/hosts.allow"
}

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