[Java 8 HashMap 详解系列]3.HashMap 的 put() 方法执行原理

//初始值，为16，必须为2的次幂
static final int DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY = 1 << 4;    
//当容量被占满0.75时就需要reSize扩容
static final float DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR = 0.75f;
//链表长度到8，就转为红黑树
static final int TREEIFY_THRESHOLD = 8;
// 树大小为6，就转回链表
static final int UNTREEIFY_THRESHOLD = 6;

    /**
     * The table, initialized on first use, and resized as
     * necessary. When allocated, length is always a power of two.
     * (We also tolerate length zero in some operations to allow
     * bootstrapping mechanics that are currently not needed.)
     */
    transient Node<K,V>[] table;

    /**
     * Basic hash bin node, used for most entries.  (See below for
     * TreeNode subclass, and in LinkedHashMap for its Entry subclass.)
     */
    static class Node<K,V> implements Map.Entry<K,V> {
        final int hash;
        final K key;
        V value;
        Node<K,V> next;

        Node(int hash, K key, V value, Node<K,V> next) {
            this.hash = hash;
            this.key = key;
            this.value = value;
            this.next = next;
        }

        public final K getKey()        { return key; }
        public final V getValue()      { return value; }
        public final String toString() { return key + "=" + value; }

        public final int hashCode() {
            return Objects.hashCode(key) ^ Objects.hashCode(value);
        }

        public final V setValue(V newValue) {
            V oldValue = value;
            value = newValue;
            return oldValue;
        }

        public final boolean equals(Object o) {
            if (o == this)
                return true;
            if (o instanceof Map.Entry) {
                Map.Entry<?,?> e = (Map.Entry<?,?>)o;
                if (Objects.equals(key, e.getKey()) &&
                    Objects.equals(value, e.getValue()))
                    return true;
            }
            return false;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Associates the specified value with the specified key in this map.
     * If the map previously contained a mapping for the key, the old
     * value is replaced.
     *
     * @param key key with which the specified value is to be associated
     * @param value value to be associated with the specified key
     * @return the previous value associated with <tt>key</tt>, or
     *         <tt>null</tt> if there was no mapping for <tt>key</tt>.
     *         (A <tt>null</tt> return can also indicate that the map
     *         previously associated <tt>null</tt> with <tt>key</tt>.)
     */
    public V put(K key, V value) {
        return putVal(hash(key), key, value, false, true);
    }

    /**
     * Implements Map.put and related methods
     *
     * @param hash hash for key
     * @param key the key
     * @param value the value to put
     * @param onlyIfAbsent if true, don't change existing value
     * @param evict if false, the table is in creation mode.
     * @return previous value, or null if none
     */
    final V putVal(int hash, K key, V value, boolean onlyIfAbsent,
                   boolean evict) {
        Node<K,V>[] tab; Node<K,V> p; int n, i;
//1.初始化
        if ((tab = table) == null || (n = tab.length) == 0)
            n = (tab = resize()).length;
//2.当前位置没有存储节点,则直接插入节点
        if ((p = tab[i = (n - 1) & hash]) == null)
            tab[i] = newNode(hash, key, value, null);
        else {
            Node<K,V> e; K k;
//3.hash 相等 && key 相等
            if (p.hash == hash &&
                ((k = p.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))
                e = p;
//4.节点插入红黑树
            else if (p instanceof TreeNode)
                e = ((TreeNode<K,V>)p).putTreeVal(this, tab, hash, key, value);
            else {
//5.遍历链表
                for (int binCount = 0; ; ++binCount) {
//如果到了链表尾部:(e = p.next) == null
                    if ((e = p.next) == null) {
//节点插入链表尾部
                        p.next = newNode(hash, key, value, null);
//如果节点个数>=TREEIFY_THRESHOLD,链表结构转为红黑树结构
                        if (binCount >= TREEIFY_THRESHOLD - 1) // -1 for 1st
                            treeifyBin(tab, hash);
                        break;
                    }
// 找到了对应元素，就可以停止了, break
                    if (e.hash == hash &&
                        ((k = e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))
                        break;
//继续遍历链表的下一个节点
                    p = e;
                }
            }
            if (e != null) { // existing mapping for key
                V oldValue = e.value;
                if (!onlyIfAbsent || oldValue == null)
                    e.value = value;
                afterNodeAccess(e);
                return oldValue;
            }
        }
        ++modCount;
        if (++size > threshold)
            resize();
        afterNodeInsertion(evict);
        return null;
    }